After the failure of the war to protect the law, Sun Yat-sen understood a profound truth: the revolution cannot rely on one warlord to overthrow another, but must have its own basic armed forces. As a result, Chen Jiongming became the key military general supported by Sun Yat-sen .. But the full-fledged Chen Jiongming launched the Yangcheng mutiny on June 1922, which made the revolution led by Sun Yat-sen suffer the heaviest failure. Sun Yat-sen evaded the Yongfeng ship and dealt with the rebels for 55 days. Shortly after the mutiny, Chiang Kai-shek boarded the Yongfeng ship, which established his political position in the national revolution. Some historians believe that China's modern history would have been rewritten without the heroic feat of Yongfeng. In the contest between Sun Yat-sen and the northern and southern warlords in the early years of the Republic of China, he deeply felt that it was absolutely impossible not to master the armed forces. When he was protecting the law in Guangzhou, he deliberately trained Chen Jiongming, commander-in-chief of the Fujian-Guangdong Army, and gave him funds and troops for the next year. 19 18 In May, Sun left Guangzhou for Shanghai under the pressure of Guangxi warlords, hoping that Chen could drive away Guangxi warlords Cen Chunxuan and Lu Rongting. 1In August, 920, Sun Yat-sen ordered Chen to return to Guangzhou to drive away Cen and Lu and reorganize the military government. Sun Yat-sen became a very big president. 192 1 At the end of the year, Sun Yat-sen set up the Northern Expedition Base Camp in Guilin to command the Northern Expedition of the four armies of Guangdong, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangxi and Jiangxi. Chen Jiongming, the chief of the interior, the chief of the army, the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong army and the governor of Guangdong, became a strongman of the military government. However, he soon showed his true colors, opposed Sun Yat-sen's appointment as a very big president and Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition, and colluded with Tang and Wu to advocate joint provincial autonomy, split the Northern Expedition and obstruct the Northern Expedition. He also sent someone to kill Deng Keng, whom Sun Yat-sen trusted. Chen secretly transferred Ye Ju's troops stationed in Guangxi to Guangzhou and set up a headquarters in Baifangshan. Chen personally sat in Huizhou and instigated the rebellion. Sun Yat-sen has been getting reports of Chen Jiongming's increasingly rebellious behavior, including Hu, Chiang Kai-shek and others who suggested that Sun Yat-sen eradicate Chen Jiongming. 1March, 922, Sun saw that the rear area was unstable, and returned to Li from Guilin, the stronghold of the Northern Expedition. He set up a base camp in Shaoguan and severely reprimanded Chen Jiongming, removing him from his posts as commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army, governor of Guangdong and chief of the interior, leaving only one post as chief of the army.
On June 1922, Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling returned to Guangzhou from Shaoguan. In downtown Guangzhou, Sun has discovered the rebel forces in Chen Jiongming. On June 12, Sun Yat-sen held a press conference, denouncing Chen Jiongming's "opposition to the Northern Expedition" by name, and forced Chen to return his troops to the original defense of Dongjiang under the pressure of public opinion. Chen Jiongming will never repent. /kloc-in June of 0/3, a general attack order against Sun was issued in Huizhou. On June 4, 65438, Liao Zaishilong, Vice Minister of Finance, was arrested, members of Congress were driven away and members of the Presidential Palace were killed. On June 5438+05, at Chen's instigation, Ye Ju called the Guangdong army commanders Xiong lue, Chen Jiongguang, Zhong Jingtang, Hong, Zhou Tianlu, Guangzhou Finance Minister Zhong Xiunan and other cadres at or above the brigade level to carry out Chen Jiongming's secret order to attack the presidential palace. At this meeting, it was decided that Xiong slightly would command the siege, and Hong's second division would attack Sun Yat-sen's guard in Yuexiu Building. Wang Xingan, the artillery commander, was in charge of firing at the presidential palace. Xiong was slightly worried that the shelling of the presidential palace would be notorious for thousands of years, so he had to arrange the war and sent the company commander Lu Zhiyun to report to Sun Yat-sen in secret, asking Sun Yat-sen to leave. Sun thought it was the other party's bluff and refused to believe it completely. He didn't leave Yuexiu Building. In this rebellion, the Guangdong Army assembled 25,000 troops.
/kloc-On the evening of 0/5, Guangdong Provincial Police Chief Andy and Presidential Advisor reported to Yuexiu Building that Chen Jiongming troops had begun to surround the Presidential Palace and advised Sun to evacuate. /kloc-In the early morning of June of 0/6, Sun Yat-sen just went to bed at the urging of Soong Ching Ling. Suddenly, the telephone rang. It turned out that Chen Ce, commander of Guangdong coastal defense, reported that Chen Jiongming's team occupied the streets of Guangzhou, fearing an accident, and asked the President to evacuate quickly. When they were anxious, Lin Zhimian, the secretary of the presidential palace, Lin Shuwei, who joined the army, and Lu Zhiyun, the transportation company commander of the Northern Expedition Base Camp, broke in and reported the news of the rebellion in Chen Jiongming, saying, "We have even figured out the password of the rebels tonight. The original text is' eat, kill the thief'. It will be dangerous for the president to leave. " Sun Yat-sen insisted on not leaving.
At about two o'clock in the morning, the noise outside became louder and louder, and the rebels shouted: "Kill Sun Wen!" Sun Yat-sen went out of the bedroom to find out the situation. Lin Zhiming and others rushed in and forced Sun Yat-sen to leave. Sun Yat-sen said angrily, "If Chen Jiongming dares to make an insurrection, I will bear the heavy responsibility of putting down the rebellion. If I have no strength, I have to die to thank my 400 million compatriots. " Lin Zhiming and others jumped in, put on Xia Bu robes, sunglasses and a cap as a cover. Sun Nai asked Soong Ching Ling to leave together. Song felt that the two of them were too ambitious to walk together. Sun should go first, and then she will go. It was also agreed that after Sun boarded the warship, he would send guns three times to show peace.
Open classification: celebrities, militarists, warlords, Cantonese.
Chen Jiongming (1878-1933) was born in Haifeng, Guangdong. During the Republic of China, Guangdong military and political leaders persisted in the political proposition of [joint provincial autonomy] all their lives and devoted themselves to reunifying China through peaceful negotiations, which was inconsistent with Sun Yat-sen's political program of [centralization] and reunifying China by force, and eventually parted ways and turned against each other, becoming unpopular controversial figures between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. After retiring, he retired to Hongkong, helped Hong Men, the largest overseas Chinese organization, to transform and form china zhi gong party, the first prime minister of the party. He died in Hong Kong and was buried in Huizhou, Guangdong the following year.
Its contribution to Guangdong is:
Politically, the implementation of "joint provincial autonomy" has made Guangdong a "model province" in the country. Modern political institutions have been established, such as Guangzhou, which is led by them. The legislative, administrative, financial, auditing and other institutions operate in an orderly manner. Promote democratic autonomy at the grass-roots level, simplify administration and recuperate.
Economically, Guangdong achieved the best development during the Republic of China by setting up industries, building expressways and supporting private enterprises.
In education, private schools are thriving, ranking first in the country; Develop public education and implement free education; Chen Duxiu was invited as the director of the Provincial Education Department.
In social life, getting rid of bad habits, mainly smoking and gambling, makes it extinct and has good folk customs.
After he left Guangdong, he founded china zhi gong party, served as Prime Minister, and continued to work for the reunification and prosperity of China.
Chen Jiongming, whose real name is Jingcun, was born in Haifeng, Guangdong. Born in1878,65438+1October 13, died in Hong Kong on September 22nd, 1933. 1909 was elected as a member of the Guangdong Provincial Advisory Council and joined the League in the same year. The following year, he participated in the liaison work of Guangzhou New Army Uprising and went to Hong Kong to participate in the assassination mission organized by Liu Sifu. 1911He fled the scene during the Guangzhou uprising on March 29th. 19 13 after the failure of the second revolution, he went to Singapore and other places to do business, organized a small political group against Sun Yat-sen, 19 17 supported Sun Yat-sen's southward protection, and was appointed as the commander-in-chief of Fujian and Guangdong reinforcements. 1920, the Ministry has grown to more than 20,000 people. In August, he was ordered to lead the Guangdong army into Guangdong to attack Li, expel Gui Jun from Guangzhou in 65438+ 10, and serve as the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong army and the governor of Guangdong. 192 1 The government of the Republic of China was established in Guangzhou in May, serving as the chief of the interior and the chief of the army. 1922 In April, Sun Yat-sen was removed from all his posts except the chief of the army for opposing the Northern Expedition, which caused dissatisfaction among his subordinates. Finally, in June of 1922, the Guangdong military department surrounded the presidential palace with Ye Ju and his troops, with the intention of expelling Sun Yat-sen 1925. He settled in Hong Kong, devoted himself to the formation of china zhi gong party and served as the first prime minister. 1933 died in Hong Kong in September and moved to Huizhou, Guangdong in the following year.
◆ Life story
1878, a native of Haifeng, Guangdong, formerly known as Jie, praised it and argued for it;
1898, China scholar;
1906 went to Guangzhou to study at Guangdong University of Political Science and Law, 1908 graduated with honors;
From 65438 to 0909, he served as a member of Guangdong Consultation Bureau, and put forward some suggestions, such as "abolishing the accumulated malpractices of yamen", "abolishing on-the-spot justice", "organizing local autonomy in towns and villages", "building Hu Hui Railway" and "banning all gambling". 1 1 Together with Qiu and others, he was promoted to be a representative and went to Shanghai to attend the joint meeting of provincial consultation bureaus and join the delegation;
19 10, participating in the liaison work of Guangzhou new army uprising;
19 1 1 year, under the overall planning of the leading organs of Guangzhou uprising, he served as the naked leader of the preparatory class and the deputy monitor of the dispatching class, and was determined to lead a team to attack the office of the patrol coach. After the Wuchang Uprising, it was sent to Dongjiang by the Southern Branch of the League to organize the uprising of the people's army and recover Huizhou.
19 1 1 year, the Guangdong military government was established, promoted to vice governor, and soon became acting governor;
19 13 declared Guangdong independence and denounced Yuan Shikai. After his failure, he fled to Hong Kong and transferred to Singapore.
19 15 contacted a group of former Kuomintang members to form China Water Conservancy Promotion Association;
19 16 returned to Dongjiang, Guangdong Province, launched a garrison and civilian uprising, and participated in the struggle for Yuan.
19 17, Li, Chairman of Beijing Municipal Government, awarded the General Medal. Participated in the protection movement, served as the commander-in-chief of the Fujian-Guangdong army, occupied Tingzhou, Zhangzhou and Longyan in southwest Fujian, and established base areas, which were called "Minnan Protected Area" in history;
1In August, 920, he led the Guangdong Army back to Guangdong from Guangxi, defeated the Guangxi warlords who occupied Guangdong, and was appointed as the governor of Guangdong Province and commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army.
192 1 in may, he was appointed by sun yat-sen as the minister of war and the minister of the interior of the government of the Republic of China, actively participated in the "joint provincial autonomy" movement and opposed sun yat-sen's northern expedition; In June, Ren Guijun, commander in chief, marched into Guangxi and captured the whole territory of Guangxi.
1April, 922, he refused to stay in Wuzhou to discuss the Northern Expedition with Sun Yat-sen, and was later removed from the posts of Governor of Guangdong, Commander-in-Chief of Guangdong Army and Minister of Interior by Sun Yat-sen. Later, he retreated to Huizhou, and his subordinates Ye Ju and other generals were dissatisfied with Sun Yat-sen's promise and crossed the river to kick the bridge. /kloc-In June of 0/6, they sent troops to surround the Presidential Palace and Yuexiu Building, intending to drive Sun Yat-sen out of Guangdong. /kloc-in August of 0/5, Chen Jiongming returned to Guangzhou as the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army;
1923, after being defeated by the West Road East Expeditionary Army composed of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong, Chen Jiongming led his troops to retreat to Dongjiang.
1925, the revolutionary army completely defeated its headquarters in two expeditions to the east, then took refuge in Hong Kong, and later reorganized Hong Men into china zhi gong party;
1933 passed away in Hong Kong on September 22nd.