The first question: merchant ships, especially ocean-going merchant ships, generally need at least a college diploma, because English is very important when running ocean;

The second question: Of course, training is needed, including GMDSS, radar and ARPA, ship radio operation, mastering first aid, ship rescue, seamen's ship and so on. After these passes, you can get the relevant certificates required by the Maritime Safety Administration (usually referring to the four small certificates), and finally you need to take the national unified examination for seafarers organized by the Maritime Safety Administration and get the notice of results (usually referring to the white ticket);

Third question: It is very easy to find a job after obtaining all the above certificates. Generally, you can find a shipping company through the job fair of the training unit or the college, or you can submit your resume online. This method has a very high success rate. In short, the crew is not unemployed in the current shipping market, as long as you are willing to join the ocean-going business;