During the "May Day" period, the author and Mr. Li Xinle went to the tomb of Tian Yi, a model mouth, and saw the epitaph. Epitaph cover and epitaph stone are made of fine white marble, square, 73cm long, 73cm short and16cm thick, and polished very finely. There are 5 columns 19 in the inscription, which are "Epitaph of Zuodu Xingpu Buried in Duchayuan" by Dr. Guanglu, the Qing Emperor, with excellent Zhu drawing, writing and calligraphy; The chronicle is nearly 65,438+0,000 words, written in small letters, painted by Zhu, and engraved with "Peng Defeng carved in Tongcheng" at the end, describing the life of the tomb owner Li Shou.
Who is Li Shou? According to the epitaph written by Ji Xiaolan, Li Maosheng died in 17 13, at the age of 79. His "Pettin, Xingpu and Zhu Xi" were highly praised by scholars at that time. His ancestors moved from Shandong to today's Beijing area. Later, because of his fame, his ancestors "all paid attention to the public and gave it", which was really the glory of his ancestors.
Li Shou was very talented since he was a child, and his career was smooth sailing. At the age of 22, he started from the imperial examination, from a local junior official to the governor, twice served as Feng Tianfu Cheng (equivalent to the mayor of Shenyang today), and reached the goal of "assisting the left capital" in Qianlong 52 years. In the Qing dynasty, it was a rare miracle that the Han people could achieve such a status.
Li Shou's achievements are mainly reflected in education. He is knowledgeable and likes reading, "writing more than a thousand poems" and "all articles have statutes". I have been a scholar, an academician, a historian and a bachelor of cabinet. I have also worked as an examiner, a prefect, a scholar and an education system. "Everyone who is recruited has a gift." I am a great scholar all over the world. Therefore, people only addressed him as "Mr. Xingpu", and Ji Xiaolan and Liu Yong wrote an epitaph for him! Why are you buried in Huang Zhuang, Shijingshan today? There are two reasons to speculate. First, the scenery there is beautiful. Huang Zhuang is in the east of the present residential area in Lu Gu, where Daci Temple was first built in the Ming Dynasty. Its existing inscription says that "there are fields to be cultivated, gardens to be planted, fruit trees to be fenced, sheds to be surrounded by flowing water, and western hills, which are actually among several cases." Secondly, it is said that Dou Yujun, a great educator in the Five Dynasties, opened a famous school "Wuhuayuan" here. Dou Yujun is the "Dou Yanshan" who taught the fifth son and became famous in the Three Character Classics. Judging from Li Shou's educational achievements, it may be another "Dou Yanshan" in the minds of scholars in the Qing Dynasty!
Li Shou's personality is also good. Through his efforts, his brother and younger brothers have become famous. He helped the widowed sister of Xu, who was taken in, and trained her child Xu as a "professional" talent. He usually doesn't want to show his face, but he dares to do it at the critical moment. For example, "the official seal of Tianfu became a monument, and the official governor of Hunan played the relief of Chaling flood, played various post horses, and played the inspection of Western religion, all of which were allowed." During the period of official advice, Xu Kui, the official department, took bribes, invited the Governor of Zhejiang to conceal the disaster, and invited Jia Jia. "Those things can't be done without a little courage. Li Shou has two sons and seven daughters. When he died, he had seven grandchildren and two great grandchildren. He is a true four generations under one roof.
Ji Yun, the author of Li Shou's epitaph, whose real name is Xiaolan, is younger than the tomb owner Li Shou 1 1 year old. He is a historical figure played by actor Zhang Guoli in TV series, opposite the traitor Xiao Shenyang. The Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty said that he was "knowledgeable, wrote the Summary of Sikuquanshu, advanced and retreated a hundred times, each with his own main points and always organized, and became a general view". Interestingly, like Li Shou, he was also a "Zuodu suggestion". He wrote an epitaph for Li Ai, either out of duty or out of respect for Li Ai.
Liu Yong, the author of Li Ai's epitaph, is called Shi An, 7 years younger than Li Ai, and is the "Liu Luoguo Zi" in folklore. His calligraphy was especially loved by scholars in the Qing Dynasty. He wrote an epitaph for Li Shou, which undoubtedly raised the value of the tomb owner.
Li Shou's Tomb is a famous tomb in Qing Dynasty. Li Hongzhang's Ji Fu Zhi (Volume 165) says: "The tomb of Li Shou in Zhou Dynasty is in Huang Zhuang." And recorded its epitaph relatively completely, only three lines less than the unearthed epitaph. It is estimated that the contents of Ji Xiaolan's collected works were adopted. However, the newly unearthed epitaph is more informative than Jifu Tongzhi, which shows more intuitive information for textual research of Qing history and is very precious.
It is not clear when Li Shou's tomb was destroyed, but its epitaph brought together famous writers, writers and engravers. It is no exaggeration to say that it is the "Three Monuments" of the Qing Dynasty, and its high grade of cultural relics is also a big surprise for Beijing archaeological discovery!
Recently, five Ming Dynasty epitaphs were discovered in Dailin Town. According to relevant sources, although some epitaphs have been found in the land leveling in our city, it is rare to find five epitaphs in the same place.
These five epitaphs were discovered by a farmer in Gonghe Village, Dai Lin Town. These stones are square. Due to weathering, the handwriting engraved on the tomb is blurred, but the fine print engraved on the epitaph is still clear. According to the analysis of the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Museum, these five epitaphs are roughly from the middle of the Ming Dynasty.
As can be seen from the legible font, the large piece in the middle is the epitaph of Shen Sheng, assistant minister of the official department. According to historical records, Shen Shi family was a famous bureaucratic family in ancient times, and their two sons took the imperial examinations around 1443 respectively, which was the first batch of imperial examinations since the establishment of Pinghu County. The eldest son went to Guangzhou magistrate, and the second son went to Shandong Road to supervise the imperial envoys. The person in charge of the city museum said that the discovery of five epitaphs has certain reference value for studying the history of some places.
epitaph
Epitaph is a mourning style in ancient China.
When the deceased was buried, he was carved on a stone and buried in front of the grave. Generally, it consists of two parts: chronology and inscription. Most of the records are essays, which describe the name, birthplace and life story of the deceased; Ming summed up the whole article in verse, praising the achievements of the deceased and expressing condolences and comfort. But there are also people who have only ambitions or only inscriptions.
The writing requirement of epitaph is narrative summary, gentle language and concise text. Epitaphs are generally written by others after the death of the Ming Lord, and occasionally by himself before his death.
Epitaph is a brief introduction written in or on the grave according to the life story of the deceased. Especially for great or memorable people, they often have epitaphs in their graves. This custom exists in both China and the West, but writing epitaphs is out of fashion in modern China.
Generally speaking, epitaphs are written in verse, both in China and the West, but there are exceptions, such as Han Yu's Epitaph of Liu Zihou, which is a blank essay.