About the details of Cao Xueqin, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, Cao Xueqin's poems
Fu, Flower Fu, Chrysanthemum Fu, Couplet in Ning Mansion, Xijiang Moon, Twelve Women in Jinling-Chai, Dai, Apricot Curtain in Sight, Fantasy Couplet, Good Ode and Song of a Dream of Red Mansions-stay here.
Second, the novel creation
A Dream of Red Mansions reflects the social life in the periods of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, which is the so-called prosperous period of Qianlong in history. In fact, there are various contradictions behind the heyday of the dynasty, and there are also many crises hidden.
In the last years of Kangxi, the princes divided into cronies and fought for power and profit. Finally, the fourth prince Yin Zhen won the throne, namely Yong Zhengdi. Immediately after Yongzheng ascended the throne, he launched a cruel struggle to control his political enemies in poverty and brutally persecuted his brothers and political forces vying for the throne. Cao Xueqin's stepfather, Cao, was dismissed from office and his property was seized because of his involvement in the struggle with the royal faction.
Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions is based on the decline of his family and relatives, so it has a certain memory nature. But his Dream of Red Mansions is a novel rather than an autobiography, which can't be regarded as Cao Xueqin's autobiography.
At the end of 1727 (the fifth year of Yongzheng) and the beginning of 1728 (the sixth year of Yongzheng), Cao _ was ordered to take property for crimes such as weaving express mail to extort money from the post office and losing public funds. Cao He's widow and other family members were "cangue" back to Beijing and lived in a small number of houses outside Chongwenmen. The Cao family has since declined. Cao Xueqin, who has experienced such family changes, has a profound understanding of the darkness and evil of aristocratic families, which has become an important life foundation for his creation of A Dream of Red Mansions. When A Dream of Red Mansions was written, Qin Xue was less than twenty years old. He spent ten years before and after, and after five additions, deletions and revisions, before the age of 30, the whole book was short of several poems besides several chapters to be redrafted and confirmed, and the text was basically drafted (at the end of the list of police illusions), and the manuscript was rushed to his relatives and friends, such as Zhi Yanzhai and others to copy. Finally, for about ten years, Xueqin spent all her time in a mountain village in the western suburbs of Beijing. I don't know if it's traffic inconvenience or other reasons. He doesn't seem to have much contact with Zhi Yanzhai and others, and he doesn't do the sorting work of the manuscript again. There is not even any indication that he has read and revised the copied part of the manuscript. Maybe he had to stop writing for a living. His friend Duncheng once wrote a poem to persuade him that although he lives in a secluded mountain village, he can continue to write books as before: "Don't beat the cymbals of diners, don't knock on the doors of the rich." Huangyecun is not as good as a cold cup when writing a book. " (In Memory of Cao Xueqin)
Third, ethnic discrimination.
Do you speak Manchu or Han in Manchu? Cao Xueqin's ancestor, Cao Xiyuan, joined the Manchu as early as the end of the Jin Dynasty and belonged to Zhengbai Banner of Manchuria. By Cao Xueqin's generation, Cao Shi's family had lived in Manchu 100 years, and Manchu culture had penetrated into all aspects of Cao Shi's family. No matter from Cao Xueqin himself or from his work A Dream of Red Mansions, we can find the inextricable connection with Manchu culture. Cao Xueqin should be a Han Chinese, or a Manchu. From the late Jin Dynasty, a large number of Han Chinese, Mongolians and Koreans poured into this Manchu "community". They have been "communicating" in this community for a long time, living together and integrating. Although their origins are different, no one can deny that they are Manchu, and they are in a national "community". Look at the "six sides" and "the whole city" in the Qing Dynasty-this article can introduce in detail how the national community was formed. There is no doubt that Cao Xueqin's family is of China descent. But by Cao Xueqin's generation, their family had joined the Eight Banners of Manchuria (coating) and lived in Manchu circles for more than 100 years, and their thoughts, feelings, customs and habits had become Manchu. Cao Jia's joining Manchu was not only recognized by Manchu, but also by Emperor Qianlong. The most powerful evidence is that the Cao Shi family was included in the Manchu genealogy of the Eight Banners as early as the Qianlong period. Eight Banners Manchu Genealogy (80 volumes) is also called Imperial Eight Banners Manchu Genealogy because it was compiled by Emperor Feng Ganlong. There are 1 1 14 Manchu surnames in this book, which mainly records their submission time, native place and official deeds, and makes biographies of important people in each surname. It is worth noting that this is the Manchu genealogy of the Eight Banners, not the Mongolian genealogy of the Eight Banners, and even less the Han genealogy of the Eight Banners. Cao family can enter the Manchu genealogy of the Eight Banners, which shows that his family has belonged to the Eight Banners of Manchuria and its Manchu identity has been recognized. Because this book was "king-ordered" by Emperor Qianlong, in a sense, Manchu in Cao family was also recognized by Emperor Qianlong. According to Volume 74 of Eight Banners Manchu Genealogy, Cao Xiyuan, a coat man in Zhengbai Banner, lives in Shenyang and has not returned to China. His son, Cao, used to be a salt passer-by in Zhejiang. Sun Caoxi, former Minister of Industry and Information Technology; Cao Erzheng, former Zuo Ling. Cao Yin, the great-grandson of the former General Political Envoy of the General Political Department; A grass, former escort and deputy team leader; Cao Quan, former treasurer. Cao _, former doctor; Cao _, former Yuan Wailang; Cao Qi, former secondary bodyguard and chief assistant; Cao Tianqi, the present state. As can be seen from the Manchu genealogy of the Eight Banners, the ethnic origin of Cao Shi should be: Zhengbaiqi, Manchu internal affairs office. So should Cao Xueqin. Zhengbai Banner is one of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. After Cao Jiazu was captured, he belonged to Zhengbai Banner of Manchuria. In other words, Cao Jiazu officially joined the Manchu Dynasty and became a member of the Manchu Dynasty. Naturally, I am married to Manchu, and I am of Manchu descent. The Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty were divided into Manchu Eight Banners, Han Eight Banners and Mongolian Eight Banners. Cao Jiali turned to the Eight Banners and undoubtedly joined the Manchu community. In addition, Cao Yin's eldest daughter married Naersu, the king of Pingjun County. In the early Qing Dynasty, especially in the Kangxi period, marriage between Manchu and Han was forbidden, and this marriage undoubtedly showed that Cao's Manchu identity had been recognized by the Qing Dynasty. Another "Jiangnan Tongzhi" clearly records that Cao's family is Manchu. The official history of Jiangnan Tongzhi (Volume 150) records: Jiangning Weaving: "Cao, Manchu, Kangxi served for two years". Jiangnan Tongzhi Volume 150 Official Records: Suzhou Weaving: "Cao Yin was born in Manchuria and worked in Kangxi for twenty-nine years". Jiangnan Tongzhi Volume 150 Official Records: Jiangning Weaving: "Cao _, Manchu, fifty-two years of Kangxi". Jiangnan Tongzhi Volume 150 Official Records: Jiangning Weaving: "Cao _, Manchu, fifty-four years of Kangxi". Eight Banners Manchuria is the direct predecessor and one of the main sources of contemporary Manchu language. According to the current theory, its nationality is Manchu.
The Han nationality said that in the Eight Banners Manchu Genealogy Ordinary Case compiled by Qianlong, it was written: "On the eighth day of December in the fifth year of Qianlong, it was judged that people such as Mongolia, North Korea, Ni Kan, Taiwan Ni Kan (a laity in Kaiyuan) and Fushun Ni Kan had been in Manchu before, and those with a long history indicated Iraq and other reasons, which were attached to Manchu surnames" (recorded from Zhao). There are two problems here: First, Cao Xueqin's. Second, this inclusion is "attached" and "after Manchu surname". This shows that the ethnic composition of Cao Shi family and other families belonging to the Manchu Empire for a long time has not changed. But to show that he is still Chinese. Emperor Kangxi replied in the memorial of Cao Xueqin's grandfather Cao Yin and Xu Li's invitation to the temporary salt ambassador: Huai and Huai have a great relationship, so Jiuqing will choose it and it has been decided; Besides, Manchuria didn't take luck as an example, which is inappropriate. In the seventh year of Yongzheng, in order to make up for the vacancy of the three flags of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the emperor asked the emperor to hand over the list: Shang Zuo led the nursing military school and served as the son of Cao Erzheng for 33 years, Han nationality. In addition, from the analysis of Cao Xueqin's national view, he himself does not agree that he is Manchu. In the sixty-third chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, it was originally written to describe Jia Baoyu's "birthday". In return, it was "Shouyi Hongqunfang gave a banquet, then died alone, taking care of the funeral of his loved ones", and there was a paragraph describing "comb your hair again and roll it up (praise). He added: "Fang Guan's name is not good, but he changed his male name to show his uniqueness." "Because it was changed to a' male slave'. Baoyu called him "Xiongnu of Lu Ye" and Cao Xueqin dressed up as the square crown of Manchu costumes for Baoyu's birthday. In this article, Cao Xueqin publicly denounced the border ethnic minorities as "small natives" and denounced their "brand names" as "dogs and soldiers". The title of this racial view is particularly conspicuous. Nation is a relatively new concept. China didn't confirm Manchu until after the Republic of China. Many Han Chinese, Koreans and Mongols in the Eight Banners in Manzhouli returned to their own nation after the demise of the Qing Dynasty. Cao Xueqin is of Han descent and inherited Han culture. When he wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, Manchu was the national language of the Qing Dynasty. If Cao Xueqin is Manchu, why not write A Dream of Red Mansions in Manchu? Based on the above facts, Cao Xueqin is a Han nationality.
Cao Jiaben was born in Zhengbaiqi, Manchuria, and served as an official for generations. By Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather Cao's generation, he had served as an important minister of the Ministry of Industry. Cao also worked as "Jiangning Weaving". "Jiangnan Tongzhi" directly wrote that Cao was Manchu, "Jiangning Weaving: Cao, Manchu, Kangxi served for two years". Cao Xueqin's grandfather Cao Yin is also an important writer. He is the author of five volumes of "Poems on the Lotus Pavilion" and one volume of "Notes on Ci", and presided over the editing of "The Whole Tang Poetry", leaving a number of opera works. The Cao family reached its peak in this generation. Cao Yin's mother is Kangxi's wet nurse, and her Manchu is memeeniye. In Manchu, the position of wet nurse is very high. It can be said that the blood relationship is better than the biological mother, because she not only has to raise the prince, but also educate him from an early age. According to Chen Kangqi's Three Notes on Lang Qian and Moon Hee (Volume 1), Kangxi made a southern tour in summer and April and stayed in Jiangning to weave Cao Yin's house. Cao Shi is honored by the country and is among the pro-ministers. He bowed to his mother Sun Shi. When he saw it, he said happily, "This is an old man in my family." Very rewarding. Xuanhua was in full bloom in the venue, so he gave the imperial book Xuanruitang as a gift. Cao Yin has a close relationship with Kangxi since childhood, and is also his class capital. He held the post of "weaving" in the south for a long time, nominally in charge of weaving affairs in the imperial court, but in fact he had great power. Yuan Mei wrote such a thing in Poems with the Garden: "During the reign of Kangxi, Cao Lianting weaved for Jiangning, and every time he went out, he had eight ambitions, so he would bring a book and watch and play endlessly. People will ask,' Why do you study?' You said,' No, I'm not a local official. People will stand up when they see me. I was very upset, so I used this to cover my eyes and ears. "The prominence of its status can be seen. During the reign of Kangxi, there were six southern expeditions, four of which were taken by Cao Yin while he was in office, and his weaving room was used as the emperor's palace. At the same time, Cao Yin often invited Jiangnan events, and was approved by Emperor Kangxi. On one occasion, Kangxi approved in the memorial that everything about this place should be "closely folded" in the future. On another occasion, when Kangxi learned that Cao Yin had malaria, he immediately gave the medicine, and made an exception and sent it by post-horse starry night. All these show the close relationship between the Cao Yin family and the royal family. Cao Yin's two daughters, Cao Xueqin's two aunts, both married the Prince of Manchuria, one of whom was the "King of Pingjun County who held the red flag" and the other was the "bodyguard of the Prince". Cao's family is closely related to Emperor Kangxi's family and Manchu relatives.
Fourth, life
Kangxi chronology shows the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (A.D. 17 15). Speaking of the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Cao Xueqin was born in Jinling (Nanjing, Jiangsu) and his ancestral home was Liaoyang. Yu Rui's "Jujube Window Idle Pen" records: "His person (Qin Xue) is fat, his head is wide and black, he is good at talking, he plays elegant games, and he touches the environment and gives birth to spring; Listening to his strange words all day is tireless-this is because of his wonderful books. " In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (ugly 1709), on the eighth day of February, Cao Yin got married and became a princess. Cao Zhen (the second son) died in March in the 50th year of Kangxi (xinmao year171). Cao _ is about fifteen years old, and "success must be explored." In the winter of the fiftieth year of Kangxi, Cao Yin's grandson saw Zhang Yuntai's "Grandson Smells Cao Lixuan's Silver Desk to Send the Capital". In the fifty-first year of Kangxi (1765438+2002), Cao Yin died on July 23rd at the age of 55. Cao inherited his father after his death. He was about twenty-three. On the fourth day of September in the fifty-first year of Kangxi, there was a saying in "Sons of Cao Yin Legato Cao Yin": "When I am a slave, I will be weak, and autumn will be effective." After Cao Yin's death, the silver deficit over the years was more than 500,000 yuan, which was made up by Xu Li's successor, Salt Bureau. Pei Fu was published in March, September the following year, and The Complete Works of Dongting was published. Work out the headcount of each province, and never add new ones. At the beginning of the fifty-third year of Kangxi (17 14), Cao died of illness at the age of about 25. In the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (1765438+2005), Cao (the fourth son of his brother (Quan)) adopted and succeeded Jiangning Weaving. "Genealogy" says: "Cao _, former Yuan Wailang". Around June of the same year, Cao's posthumous son was born. March Zhenze (Taihu Lake) rainstorm. Pu Songling (1640— 17 15) died at the age of 76. In the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi (17 17 Ding You), Cao Yin's daughter was the last son (fourth son) of Princess Su, and Aisingiorro Fuduan was born on July 15th. In the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi (17 18, the Reform Movement of 1898), after the break of Cao June, Kangxi criticized the cloud: "Although I don't know about children, I don't care much." Visible weaving, not only for the emperor to collect materials, but also for the emperor's eyes and ears. The Yin Fourteen Children _ riots began in December. Cao Yin's eldest son-in-law Wang Pingjun Nalsu is Yin _' s right-hand man. In November of the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi (1720), Cao Zhuozhi's mother died at the age of 93. (Xu Li's mother Shi Wen is also Kangxi's nanny). It is recorded in the sixty years of Kangxi 172 1 annual publication "Biography of Cao in Shangyuan County" that Cao _ "had a great sense of justice in ancient times, was eager to learn, and knew little about the virtue of clothes. Those who knew it thought that Cao Shi had a cloud in the world." 1722, in the sixty-first year of Kangxi, a thousand banquets were held in the first month of Renyin. Kangxi died in November. The fourth son of the testamentary edict emperor, Yin _, inherited the throne, which means. In winter, Xu Li dismissed Suzhou Weaving. Xu Li has been weaving in Suzhou for 30 years, and also worked as a salt worker in Huaibei for 8 years. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723 Guimao), the chief inspector was ordered to investigate the deficit of Xu Li and her family during her tenure and arrest her children and family. Xu Li was exiled to Heilongjiang in the fifth year of Yongzheng, and died two years later at the age of 76. In April, the provinces were ordered to give up their status as musicians.
Yongzheng chronology Yongzheng two years, (1724) Yun Xiang, the prince of Cao _ life righteousness (1686- 1730) took care of him. 1October 16, the document of the Ministry of the Interior stated that Xu Li's family had 227 servants, including 10 women and children. Cao Xueqin was born this year. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), it was ordered to promote nurseries and Pujitang throughout the country. According to the records of earthquakes in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Jiangning (now Nanjing) earthquake occurred on April 25th (1725) and April 28th in Yongzheng. In December, Nian Gengyao committed suicide, property into the officer. This year is a taboo year for the name Kong Qiu. In addition to the four books and five classics, the word "autumn" in "Yong" should be next to the word "autumn". Yongzheng built a palace in the south of Yuanmingyuan, with an area of more than 3000 mu instead of 600 mu. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (Bingwu 1726), Cao _ was twice fined for one year, and was also fined for coarse satin weaving. In May this year, Cao Yin's brother-in-law Fu Nai was dismissed and transferred to Heilongjiang. In July, Cao Yin's son-in-law, Nalsu, was accused of "taking bribes", so he was deprived of the title of Pingjun and banned from domestic activities. His son Fu Peng attacked God. At the beginning of the sixth year of Yongzheng (Wushen 1728), because Cao, the foreign minister of Jiangning Weaving, harassed the post office, someone inside Cao's family reported the transfer of property, and Cao was sentenced to the crime of seizing property (family size, male and female, including servants 1 14). Before the property was confiscated, Cao _ went on strike and was handed over to Prince Andrew Wong for investigation. Yongzheng gave all the confiscated houses, population and property to Sui Hede. It can be seen that real estate can't make up for the deficit. Cao _ 13 made Jiangning weaving. Cao _ returned to Beijing and lived in the mouth of the garlic market, leaving himself with fewer houses to support himself. Cao's posthumous son is fourteen years old. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), Dunmin was born (later1729-1796). Zi Ming, named Mao Zhai, is the author of Mao Zhai Shi Chao. He is the fifth grandson of Prince Azig, the twelfth son of Nuerhachi, the Qing emperor, and the eldest son of Hu _. Because Azig has been knighted, his clan is far inferior to other royal families. Dunmin Yu Qianlong served as deputy director of the right-wing religious research office in 31 years and changed to general manager in 40 years. He and Cao Xueqin probably met in religion. After getting to know each other They have frequent contacts and are very friendly. In the twelfth year of Yongzheng (Jiayin 1734), Duncheng (1734-1791) was born in early March. For the younger brother of Dunmin, the word Jingting,No. Songtang, No. Yongxianzi 15 years old (1748) adopted uncle Ningren. He is the author of Si Songtang Collection (the manuscript of Si Songtang's poems in Peking University Library, with more contents than this magazine) and Ren Temple Miscellaneous Poems. One of Cao Xueqin's good friends. In August of the 13th year of Yongzheng (Mao Yi 1735), Yong Zhengdi was dying in Yuanmingyuan, and Li Hong succeeded to the throne, in order to make Li Hong the emperor of the Qing Dynasty and change to Qianlong. On the third day of September, Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather, Cao (the son of Cao), was made a great scholar (second-class imaginary rank), originally with Ouyang Jia and Yuan Jia. Cao Xueqin's great-uncle (all) is still alive, and his official position is escort agency and deputy, plus one level (Zhengbaiqi is the fourth deputy, Zhengbaiqi is the second deputy (from the third grade)). Cao was appointed Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
In the first year of Qianlong (Chen Bing 1736), all kinds of "sinful money" were pardoned and the family recovered well-off. It happened on April 26, 2008, which happened to be the Ear and Seed Festival (the flower party in the book). Gao E (1738— 18 15) was born about this year. Qianlong fifty-three years (1788). That year, Hongxi, the eldest son of Prince Yin of Kangxi, tried to establish a court, stabbed him in the back, failed, and was deprived of the title of Prince. Qin Xue's family may be tied down. Qin Xue later worked as a painter or scholar in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In the eighth year of Qianlong (Guihai 1743), Mo Xiang (1743-1790) was born. He Yi is Duncheng's third uncle. He was the earliest fan of A Dream of Red Mansions. He copied it and hid it. Later, Yi Ming borrowed it from him. Qianlong nine years (Jiazi 1744), June 5th (April 25th of the lunar calendar) birthday, another mango seed, just ten years away from JOE. Cao Xueqin or Zaiying began to conceive and write A Dream of Red Mansions. Dunmin 16 years old. Duncheng 1 1 years old, enrolled in religion. Huang Kexian and Sun Hao, religious supervisors, are both famous poets and have a great influence on the Dunmin brothers. Both of them are biological brothers, and their father's name is Hu _ (1710-1760), but Duncheng took over from his uncle Ningren at the age of 15. They are the fifth grandchildren of Prince Aziz. Duncheng 1762 (twenty-seven years of Qianlong) wrote a poem to Cao Xueqin when he was a tax collector in Songtingguan: "It was a few mornings and evenings in Humen, and the candle was cut at the west window." In the twelfth year of Qianlong, Ding Mao 1747 Cao Xueqin lived a hard life and moved his residence several times. Legend has it that after he moved out of his ancestral home, he once lived in Penalty Street in Xidan, Beijing, and then moved to the Sleeping Buddha Temple outside Chongwenmen. Finally, I had to move to the western suburbs around 175 1 (the 16th year of Qianlong). Dunmin and Duncheng made friends with Xueqin, and they were Cao Xueqin's close friends. Legend has it that two brothers once went to Xishan to see Xueqin with several cans of good wine. Xueqin was poor, so she picked melons, fruits and flowers as snacks. This incident will never be forgotten by Duncheng. There is a saying that "the melon and flower are drunk at one gulp", and everyone knows it. In Dunmin's later poems, there are "Yanshi crying", and in Duncheng's poems, there are "Advise you not to play with diners _, and advise you not to knock on the door of the rich", all of which refer to Cao Xueqin's life during this period. After fifteen years of Qianlong (Wu Geng 1750), I moved to Huangye Village in the western suburbs of Beijing about this year, so I should concentrate on my creation. "It is better to write a book in Huangye Village than to write a book". On the night of August 14, Dunmin and Duncheng went to Zongxue and Xueqin and Bu Zhaisan (Zhejiang native, working as a teaching assistant in Zongxue) for a night drink. About this year, Cao Xueqin moved from Beijing to Jianrui Camp in Xiangshan in the western suburbs. It is said that he first lived in the area between the four palaces in Xiangshan and Dongyu Village, and then moved to the northern slope of Huangqiying at the foot of Xiangshan. After Cao Xueqin left Zongxue to go to the western suburbs, he lived a hard life. The Chronology of Qianlong (Xin Wei 175 1) has been in Qianlong for sixteen years. After Cao Xueqin went to the western suburbs, he made a good friend, surnamed Zhang, whose name was full, and he was a flag bearer. He taught private schools for a living. There are many reasons for his family (as can be seen from his poem "Sigh of Parting", his parents died and his brother and sister abandoned each other. I'm the only one left with a dead family), addicted to singing and drinking, full of ups and downs, lonely and angry. His pride and humor are similar to those of Cao Xueqin, so he hit it off. Among his Poems of Spring Willow Hall, there are seven poems (such as Walking with Cao Xueqin in the Western Suburb and Abandoning the Original Rhyme of the Temple) dedicated to his association with Cao Xueqin. In the 19th year of Qianlong (JOE 1754), the first batch of 40 JOE was born in this year or later. There are words like "nothing, half a lifetime down and out" and "ten years of hard work is unusual". Re-comment on JOE Copy of Red inkstone, and still use the Story of the Stone. (This is the second comment) The words "Red inkstone" and "The tree fell apart" are still in my ears today. "It's only been 35 years. Oh, it hurts. I'd rather not kill it! (Jame approved) ",it is estimated that the batch was at least 40 years old. Cao Xueqin's friend Yu Jinglian (uncle, a native of Jiangning, injured his foot) has come to visit from Beijing because of difficulties in making a living. Qin Xue taught him the skills of flying kites for the first time, which helped him solve his livelihood problem. It was about 2008 or later. Twenty-one years of Qianlong (Bingzi 1756), chapter 75 of Geng Chen Ben, which was approved by Fat, said: "Twenty-one years of Qianlong, Bingzi was cleared on the seventh day of May. Lack of Mid-Autumn Poems, as soon as Xueqin. " For the progress of the manuscript at that time. Written by Zhi Yanzhai and Tamenosuke. In the twenty-second year of Qianlong (Ding Chou 1757), Chapter 41 of the Beijing Collection "Remember Ding Sichun's coming to deliver tea?" Show your eyes for twenty years! Ding Chou is in the middle of spring, abnormal. "In February, Duncheng (then 24 years old) was appointed as a servant (a small official in Shanhaiguan Card). In autumn, Duncheng wrote a poem in memory of Cao Xueqin. In the poem, "Yangzhou has a long dream", he noticed that "Xue Qin once worked with his ancestor Yin (suspected to be added by later generations)". In the spring of the 23rd year of Qianlong (Wuyin 1758), Cao Xueqin moved to Baijiatuan again. I haven't seen the comment on writing for several years. Cao Xueqin moved to Baijiatuan (about 50 miles outside Xizhimen) in summer, built four huts and settled down until his death. According to Dunmin's Record of the Life of Bottle Lake Zhai ("Mao Zhai" is Dunmin's Zhai name, and "Bottle Lake" is Taiping Lake in the southwest corner of Xuanwu Gate in Beijing), Cao Xueqin's residence "has a stream blocking the road, looking across the bank, and there are four earthen houses, which are inclined to the southwest, with stones as walls and broken branches as rafters. Twenty-four years of Qianlong (Bazaar 1759), now the bazaar edition and the manuscript of "The Story of the Stone" are preserved, and the date of "Yan Zhi's comment on writing" begins. In chapters 20 to 28 of Chen Geng's version, 24 eyebrows have their own inkstones. In winter, Zhi Yanzhai began to comment on The Story of the Stone four times. The existing 4 1 whole week and two and a half weeks (two cycles were copied, among which three whole weeks and two and a half weeks were found) are called "Know One Book" (Qin Yi Wang Mi Ji). Zhi Yi Ben is also called Bazaar Ben. There are 24 comments in the fat review marked "Ji Maodong". Cao Xueqin went south to Jiangning in 1998 or later. The reason for traveling south is unknown, probably because I have lived in Nanjing for 60 years to visit people who have settled down. It may also be for other family and personal affairs. Legend has it that Cao Xueqin was the aide of Yin Jishan (1695- 177 1), the governor of the two rivers. Yin Jishan's invitation to Qin Xue as the opening process also needs further investigation. This trip to Jiangning has enriched Cao Xueqin's life by experiencing mountains and rivers, admiring old traces and listening to the past. Zhang Yiquan has a poem "Huai Cao Qin Xi", which is a poem of Qin Xue's tour in the south: "If you cross Sanqiu, I'll see you. There is no time to meet a person with empty dreams. It takes a long time to sweep the path and a long time to seal the book. Why do you often get together to talk about new poems? In the twenty-five years of Qianlong (Chen Geng 1760), Chen Geng Edition and The Story of the Stone were reviewed by Yan Zhai four times. From the fifth cycle, the words "Chen Geng Autumn Moon Final Edition" or "Chen Geng Autumn Moon Final Edition" appeared. It should belong to Zhi Yanzhai's comments. Chen Geng has an eyebrow comment: Xifeng refers to the play, and Yan Zhi writes about things. There are only a few people who know today, and I don't blame my husband. After twenty-six years of Qianlong (Xinsi 176 1), he returned to Jinling and Beijing. Every time a friend's poem says that "the old dream of Qinhuai still exists" and "the official is depressed and dreams of returning to his hometown", it implies the writing of A Dream of Red Mansions. I haven't seen the comment on writing for several years. In the early autumn, Dunmin wrote a poem in memory of his friend, in which "an old friend has been away from us for a long time, and the past is like a dream", which may mean that Xueqin visited the south and never returned after years. Shortly after Chongyang, Dunmin accidentally went to his friend Lin Mingjia to gossip about Xuan Shi. " It's been more than a year since Cao Jun left. I happened to pass by Ming Lin Jun's home and raised Xuan Shi. I heard a lot of comments in the yard next door, and I suspected it was Cao Jun; I was in a hurry to visit each other, and I was surprised! "Maybe Qin Xue's ex-wife is dead at this time, and she will get married later.
In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (Renwu 1762), Dunmin wrote "Wine Song with a Knife", "Autumn meets Xueqin and cherishes the distance", which records Xueqin's drinking at the end of autumn. Cao Xueqin wrote an inscription "Pipa Story" for Duncheng. Yang Xue Bridge Poems: Jingting is 10% off the legend of Pipa Pavilion, and Cao Xueqin (Zhan) has an inscription: "Bai Fu's poems should be very happy, and he will teach savage ghosts to put on airs." Qin Xue, the grandson of the official of Lianting, was a poet all his life. Maybe so, but he ended up frustrated. From April to September, Zhi Yanzhai appraised the stone for the fifth time. Fat criticism: "Chongyang in the afternoon" has the saying that "it is urgent to ask for books". No more comment on writing after Chongyang. When there is a story. In chapters 12 to 28 of Chen Geng edition, there are 45 eyebrows approved by the Ministry. For the first time in JOE's book, "Only those who can understand can have bitter tears and cry into this book. Comments on the words "noon on New Year's Eve". In the 28th year of Qianlong (Imperial concubine 1763), in late spring and February, Dunmin invited Xueqin to get together in early March (for Duncheng's birthday). Not yet. In the spring of the 29th year of Qianlong (Shen Jia 1764), Cao Xueqin died. Duncheng's poems: "Xiaofeng brushed the inscription yesterday" and "Forty years old is too thin" are all historical evidences. Duncheng's two poems "Holding Cao Xueqin" (according to the manuscript of "Miscellaneous Notes on the Wren Temple"): forty years old is too thin (Si Songtang's collection edition of "Forty Years Old"), and Xiaofeng brushed the inscription yesterday (the publication edition of "A Mourn"). When the intestines are gone, the orphans cry (note: Ziyi died of sentimentality a few months ago) (printed as "Orphans to be driven out of the desert", the same note), and tears flow into the widow's voice in the wilderness (printed as "Bride's eyes are falling"). Ghosts and monsters mourn Li He, and Liu Ling is buried in a deer cart. Old friends want to live forever (published as "Old friends only have green hills and tears"), where to call the soul to give Chu Heng (published as "Gathering wine over the old grass for a lifetime"), and there is ice and snow, so old friends are scattered like clouds. For the first time in three years, he took pity on me, and there was no doctor when he was ill. Talented people should hate, but Yang Shan's flute can't be smelled. When I was thin, the horse was on Xizhou Road, and the grass was cool and the smoke fell. (No in this first issue) Dunmin's "Drinking on the River Dry and Drinking on the Wall and Hanging Snow Qin" (The river dry refers to the Luhe River where Dunmin's cemetery is located, and Li's cemetery is also here. Some people say that Cao has a classic place, and its cemetery seems to be in the eastern suburbs. ) Zhang Yiquan wrote "Hurt a Buddhist in Qinxi" (note: he was open-minded, good at drinking, good at poetry and painting, and died before the age of 50). Chapter 25 of Chen Geng Edition, thirty years after Qianlong, Yiyou 1765, has the eyebrow criticism of "Yiyou winter snow window, abnormal old man". In the thirty-first year of Qianlong, 1766, Xu Bing Dunmin was appointed as the deputy director of the right-wing religious research office. Duncheng fabricated an official position to offer a knighthood to the ancestral temple. He became an official only because of his mother's instructions. 177 1 mother died, 1773 resigned. In the same year, Duncheng and Yongzhong met. Yong Zhongzai 1770 served as the director of the right-wing religious research office and worked with Dunmin. In the summer of dinghai 1767 in the thirty-second year of Qianlong, the Chen Geng edition was in a strange state. From 16 to 28, there were 27 comments (eyebrow comments) written by Ding Hai and abnormal Fu. Mo Xiang, uncle of Duncheng (a dream of red mansions lover and collector), lent Yongzhong a dream of red mansions to read. Two abnormal batches of Stone. The twenty-second time in the Beijing-Tibetan edition, "Erqin passed away today, which is embarrassing." Ding's abnormal comment, there is another sentence: "? A group of people commented before (few), (in a few years, Xiqin, Zhiyan and Xing (Song? ) Zhai Zhushi does not go one after another. There is only one rotten thing left in Ding this summer, and I would rather kill it! "Comments are not normal. In the thirty-third year of Gan Long, Wu Zi 1768 was commented by Wu Zi Xia Meng before the eighteenth edition of Beijing-Tibet Edition. Yongzhong wrote "Three quatrains on the piano in a Dream of Red Mansions" because of Mo Xiang: vivid, not that lovers don't cry, but that they can't know each other at the same time and shed tears for Cao Hou several times. Hua Yao (Gan Long's cousin and Yongzhong's uncle) commented on these three quatrains: "These three poems are wonderful. The first Dream of Red Mansions is not a novel handed down from ancient times. After listening for a long time, I don't want to watch it, for fear that it will hinder the language. "In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong, the forty-second edition of Xinmao 177 1 Beijing-Tibet Edition had a note marked" Winter in Xinmao ". In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), Cao's posthumous son (or Cao Tianyou) was sixty years old (if alive). JOE Edition: August in Wu Jia and Red inkstone have been approved (the time is not fixed). For the first time, the JOE edition has a comment on "Wu Jia's tears in August (or People's Day)". This is a lengthy comment. Because there is ":"in the comment on writing? Before the book was finished, Qin cried to death; I cried Xueqin, and my tears stayed? I only hope that the Lord of nature will give me another piece of Qin and a piece of fat. Because of this book, the other two are also happy in Jiuquan. "Three abnormal batches of" Stone ". This is the newest year. 1779 Qianlong 44 Ji Hai About the same year, Duncheng's Letter to Big Brother (Dunmin) said, "Every time I miss my old friends, such as Li Weng, Fu Zhai, Qin Xue and Pu Yin? In a few years, it will be cold smoke and fog. ",to show the memory of the old friend. 1780 Gan Long 45 Gengzi Duncheng wrote a poem for the collection of poems "Wen Di Ji", in which Cao Xueqin was mentioned twice. One cloud said, "Poetry chases Li Changgu", and another cloud said, "Crazy love for Ruan infantry". There must be snow celery in Wendy's Ji.