Shapu Rebellion refers to a series of Tusi Rebellion in southern Yunnan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, also known as Shadingzhou Rebellion. Because after the Anshi Rebellion in Taspu, the Anshi Rebellion gained great fame in Mizhou, southern Yunnan, and launched a rebellion in Chongzhen four years. In the fifth year of Chongzhen, his wife Shiwan still led the masses and continued to create chaos in southern Yunnan, which was a major event in the late Ming Dynasty. After Wan recruited Annan Tusi Sha Dingzhou as his son-in-law, Sha Pu merged and became stronger. By September of the second year of Shunzhi, Yuanmou Tusi was going to rebel, and Qian Guogong Mu mobilized Shadingzhou to counter the rebellion. Sha Dingzhou took the opportunity to rebel in the provincial capital, which shocked Yunnan. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, the rebellion was put down by Xiliang Army, and Shapu remained the same. His party, Wang Shuo, gathered in Yuzhong, Dingzhou. In the fourth year of Kangxi, according to Wang Nong and Annan, Zhang Changshou, rotten wood, Bazhai, cattle and sheep were added. Because Pu's reputation is abroad, the rebellion in Shadingzhou is the same as Wang Shuo's anti-Qing, and the insurgents are related in time and events, so they are collectively called the Shapu Rebellion.

background

During the Ming Dynasty in Yunnan, the management system was very different from that of mainland provinces. In addition to setting up a point in Yunnan

The capital was established to command envoys, political envoys, governors and later governors. Because there are a large number of chiefs in this area, Mu Ying has been guarding this area since the reign of Hongwu. The Mu family not only holds strong military power, but also plays an important role in politics and economy. In the Ming Dynasty, Yunnan was under the dual jurisdiction of hereditary titles and local officials, which cooperated with each other and often caused disputes. 1644- 1645 Especially after Zhang Ruchuan established the Daxi regime, the situation in the Central Plains has undergone tremendous changes. Guizhou's male and female negotiated with Guizhou Governor Wu Zhaoyuan and Guizhou Governor, recruited Han and Tusi troops, prevented the Daxi Army from entering Yunnan, and prepared to accept the dispatch of Nanming court.

process

Kou was forced to surrender, unyielding, and called a thief and was killed. According to news reports, Nanning County belongs to Guo County, Qujing District, Yunnan Province, not Nanning City, Guangxi Province. Liu Wenxiu went north from Kunming, and after enriching the people, it collected Wudingzhou, Hequ, Luquan and other places, then moved west, occupied Heqing, Lijiang and Jianchuan, and settled northwest Yunnan. In August, he led his troops through Lufeng and attacked western Yunnan where Yang and Mu were hiding, such as Chuxiong and Dali. Yang is in Dongshikou, Lufeng County. Xiliang army was defeated and he himself was captured alive. Considering that he was a representative figure among Yunnan officials and gentry who opposed Shadingzhou, Sun Kewang repeatedly advised him to surrender. Yang insisted on cooperating with the Daxi regime established by bandits from all walks of life.

After negotiations, the two sides reached a compromise: first, not to engage in the Great Western Year; Second, don't kill people; Third, don't burn down houses and prostitutes. In Articles 2 and 3 of the Agreement, the Daxilu army has made policy adjustments since it entered Guizhou, and there is no objection; The key is the first one. Yang et al. accepted the opinions and took the support as the standard for the time being, paving the way for the Ming Dynasty to oppose reunification. In September, he led his troops to Yongchang Prefecture to negotiate with Mu on the condition of fully recovering Jiangshan. Mu personally poisoned in the rebellion in Shadingzhou, which led to the destruction of his family and his own strength was very limited. He decided to take revenge by the Great Western Army, and the two sides quickly reached a cooperation agreement. Mu not only sent his son to the Daxi military camp to pay the money first, but also sent a campaign to instruct the Yongchang government to upgrade the position of Yunkai on Jinteng Road, and named Liu Tingdong as Surrey County.

1648 in may, Sun Kewang and others decided that Ai Nengqi, the general of Dingbei, would be stationed in Dongchuan, Ma Su. They were ambushed by Lu in the middle of the road 30 miles from Dongchuan Building. The poisoned arrow in Neng Pool bled and was carried back to Kunming overnight, where he died. Great, he ordered a grand funeral, sent soldiers to take the wall valley dam, defeated Lu Ping, and appointed the toast of Dongchuan and its nearby counties, thus consolidating his rule in the northeast of Kunming.

In order to eradicate the remnants of Shadingzhou, Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu led troops to visit Ami and Mengzi in July and August this year. Because the road is rugged and it is difficult to pay for food, he works as a civil servant in the provincial capital, one for each household, two buckets for each person, and five liters of rice are sent to Lin' an, and these five liters are used as rations for her husband; In the provincial capital, the price of one foot per husband ranges from 232 to 232. People are happy to carry it, but they don't I don't know its pain. Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu soon defeated Satin's army, conquered Ami and Mengzi, and besieged Satin in their old village. Hebei has a dangerous terrain, but it lacks water. Sha Jun goes down the mountain to fetch water every night. Li Dingguo, etc. Ordered to set up a stockade at the water source and divide the troops to guard it. Dingzhou army was so hungry that it was forced to surrender. Li Dingguo took Sha Dingzhou, Wan and other leaders to Kunming, and took care of nearby places, regardless of offenders, farming everywhere. If there are endless ups and downs. Li Dingguo appeased the reward, ordered not to plunder, or beheaded. The eastern half is naturally blocked. On June+10, 5438, Sha Dingzhou, Wanhe and Tang Jiabin were executed in Kunming, marking the end of this melee. Under the deployment of Sun Kewang, after more than a year since the end of the Ming Dynasty, Yunnan was pacified and the local people lived a quiet life. Even people in the early Qing Dynasty recorded Sun Kewang's name, which is still praised by people today.

evaluate

Pacifying Yunnan is a very important chapter in the chronicle of Xiliang Army, which is of great significance to the continuation of Li Yong regime in Nanming. As far as the army of the Western Expedition is concerned, Zhang was a pioneer in building the army and founding the country before his death, but before 1644 entered Sichuan, the mobility was too great, and the established local government was completely lost. After he entered Sichuan, although he intended to take Sichuan as his inheritance, he repeatedly made radical mistakes in policy. Before starting an army and before Zhang died, hundreds of thousands of soldiers and horses only gathered in the tiny place of Xichong. After the death of the Commander-in-Chief, Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo, Liu Wenxiu and Ai Nengqi unified their internal affairs, lost no time in invading Yunnan, stabilized their base areas, recuperated, reorganized their military forces and business premises, and accumulated strength for the former Western Expeditionary Army to regain its glory in the anti-Qing struggle. In order to fully understand the great significance of Sun Kewang and others taking Yunnan as their base.

After Dingzhou Rebellion, Wu Zhaoyuan, the Governor and the Third Division had no real power. Dingzhou is gradually consolidating its position and is committed to eliminating other chieftain forces that Yang collected and continued to resist in western Chuxiong. If his plot succeeds, he will surely become the king of Yunnan independent of men. Temporary Han officials and gentry will be gradually excluded, and the centrifugal tendency between Yunnan and the central court will become more and more obvious. 1647 the western expedition troops entered Yunnan, crushing the dreams of Shadingzhou and Yunnan, which deserves full recognition.