Li Hongzhang (1823 ~ 190 1) was an important military and political official in China in the late Qing Dynasty, the founder and commander-in-chief of the Huai Army, and the main advocate of the Westernization Movement. Fu Zi, the word gradually just, number Shao Quanlin,. Hefei, Anhui. In the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang (1847), he was a scholar. At the same time, Zeng Guofan emphasized the study of the world when he was a student. In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), he was ordered to go back to his hometown for training, and led the troops to fight with Taiping Army many times. /kloc-in the winter of 0/858, he joined Zeng Guofan's shogunate to do business. 1860 unified Huaiyang navy. After the Xiang army occupied Anqing, Zeng Guofan recommended that "talents can be put to great use" and ordered him to return to Hefei to raise his courage. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), it was incorporated into Huaiyong 5th Battalion. Zeng Guofan regarded Shanghai as "fertile ground for raising wages" and ordered Huai Yong to arrive in Shanghai by English ship to form his own army for Huai Jun. Zeng Guofan recommended him as the governor of Jiangsu. The local real power was not only maintained, but also the army was greatly expanded in Jiangsu, and the new western guns were adopted, so that the Huai army increased from more than 6,000 to 670,000 to 70,000 in two years, becoming a well-equipped and effective local armed force in the Qing army. On this basis, the Hou Huai warlord group gradually formed. After Li Hongzhang arrived in Shanghai, he and foreign mercenaries (later established as Chang) committed crimes against the Taiping Army. 1863, 1864, led the Huai army to capture Suzhou, Changzhou and other places, and jointly suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom with the Xiang army.

Since the 1960s, Li Hongzhang has been actively preparing for the establishment of a new military industry, copying foreign ships and guns, and began to engage in westernization with the slogan of "self-improvement". 1865, Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau and Jinling Machinery Manufacturing Bureau were established in Shanghai and Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) respectively. At the same time, acting as the governor of Liangjiang, he mobilized tens of thousands of Huai troops to the Central Plains to fight against the Nian Army. 1866, following the imperial envoy of Zeng Guofan's Ministry, specializing in suppressing the affairs of the Nian army. The following year, he was awarded Governor Huguang. Later, strategies such as "encirclement on the spot" and "clearing the wild" were adopted, and the East and West Twins were eliminated in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhili (now Hebei) and Shandong. 1870, Zeng Guofan was appointed governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang trade. Since then, he controlled Beiyang for 25 years, participated in the management of the diplomatic, military and economic power of the Qing government, and became the most powerful border official in the late Qing Dynasty.

Since 1970s, Li Hongzhang has further expanded his westernization career. Because he flaunted "self-improvement" and then "murder for money", he founded a series of private enterprises with "official supervision and commercial office" as the mainstay. At the same time, it began to prepare for the northern coastal defense, mainly outsourcing, supplemented by self-control, and built the Beiyang Navy in the 14th year of Guangxu (1888). In order to cultivate talents needed for "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth", various new schools have been established and people have been sent to study in Europe and America. These westernization undertakings had a far-reaching impact on the development of modern China society. The disparity between Chinese and foreign forces has caused Li Hongzhang to have a serious fear of foreign countries, and he has always adhered to the principle of "compromise for perfection" in foreign negotiations. 190 1 year1kloc-0/month. Shi Wenzhong, Jinfeng first class. The author of the complete works of Li Wenzhong. The above is selected from /viewthread.php? tid=875 174