Geographical resources
Shenyang is located in the south of northeast China, in the middle of Liaoning Province, between east longitude 122 degrees 25 minutes 9 seconds-123 degrees 48 minutes 24 seconds, and north latitude 4 1 degrees1minutes 5 1 seconds -43 degrees 2 minutes/. East-west length 1 15km, north-south length 205km. The total land area of Shenyang is 12980 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 185 square kilometers. Shenyang area is dominated by plains with flat terrain, with an average elevation of about 50 meters. Mountain hills are concentrated in the northeast and southeast, and belong to the extension of Liaodong hills. The western part is the alluvial plain of Liaohe River and Hunhe River, and the terrain is slowly inclined from east to west. The highest altitude in the city is 447.2 meters, which is in Faku County. The lowest altitude is 5.3 meters, Yujiafang Town, Liaozhong County.
Shenyang is located in the south of northeast China and the center of Liaoning Province. Backed by the foot of Changbai Mountain and facing the coast of Bohai Sea, she is the hinterland of Liaodong Peninsula. Within the radius of 150km with Shenyang as the center, there are Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Fuxin, Panjin, Dandong, Liaoyang and Tieling, which are famous steel cities, coal cities, coal and iron cities, coal and electricity cities, oil cities, textile cities and grain and coal bases in China. These rich and powerful industrial cities in central Liaoning have formed a rare urban agglomeration in the world. Dalian Port, which connects the world's major ports, Yingkou New Port and Jinzhou Port, which are under development, are not more than 400 kilometers away from Shenyang.
Climatic characteristics
Shenyang belongs to the semi-humid continental climate affected by monsoon in the north temperate zone. The annual distribution of temperature and precipitation decreases from south to northeast and from southeast to northwest. There are four distinct seasons throughout the year, with an extreme maximum temperature of 35.2℃ and an extreme minimum temperature of -24.9℃ in 1999. 1999 The average temperature is between 7.8 and 9.0℃, with the lowest in Kangping County and the highest in Dongling District. The annual average is 8.6℃, which is 0.63℃ lower than that of 1998. The winter in Shenyang is long; Spring heats up quickly and has plenty of sunshine; Summer is hot and rainy, the air is humid, autumn is short, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and it is cool and pleasant. In recent years, due to the global climate change, the average temperature in Shenyang is also rising. For tourists, it is the golden season to arrive at 10 every April. Tourists who live in Shenyang or come to Shenyang from other places usually wear winter cotton and summer clothes. You can wear sweaters in spring and autumn, and you can wear light clothes in summer.
The city governs nine districts, one city and three counties: there are five urban areas: Heping, Shenhe, Dadong, Huanggu and Tiexi; Dongling, Yuhong, Sujiatun and Xinchengzi suburbs; Xinmin has 1 county-level city and 3 counties of Liaozhong, Kangping and Faku. The total area of the city is nearly10.3 million square kilometers, of which the urban area is 3495 square kilometers. Shenyang is a multi-ethnic settlement. Besides the Han nationality, there are 32 ethnic minorities living here, including Manchu, Korean, Hui, Xibe and Mongolian. 1at the end of 998, the total population of the city was 6.749 million, including 4.8 million in the urban area. The Shenyang area is dominated by plains, with mountains and hills concentrated in the southeast, and Liaohe, Hunhe and Xiushui rivers pass through the territory. It belongs to temperate semi-humid continental climate, and is influenced by monsoon, with concentrated precipitation, large temperature difference and distinct four seasons.
Historical origin
Shenyang is a famous historical and cultural city. It is named because it is located in the north of Hunhe River (called Shenshui in ancient times). According to the textual research of Xinle site, it was inhabited as early as 7200 years ago in the Neolithic Age. During the Warring States period, it belonged to Liaodong County of Yan State; In the Western Han Dynasty, there were Houcheng, Gaoxian, Liaoyang and Wang Ping counties. In Liao and Jin Dynasties, Shenzhou was established; The Yuan Dynasty changed its name to Shenyang Road; Shenyang Micro was established in the Ming Dynasty. Shenyang is known as "one birthplace, two generations of imperial capital". 1625, the capital of Houjin, established by the Qing emperor Nurhachi, moved here and was renamed Shengjing. 1636, Huang taiji changed his country name to "Qing" and established the Qing Dynasty. 1644, after the Qing army entered Beijing as its capital, Shengjing was its capital. Shenyang Imperial Palace, the seat of the Imperial Palace in the early Qing Dynasty, is one of the only two complete palace buildings in China. Fengtianfu was founded in 1657. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, it was renamed Shenyang.
economic development
After the founding of New China, Shenyang, as a heavy industry base, has made great contributions to the country. Since the Eighth Five-Year Plan, Shenyang has persisted in deepening reform, opening wider to the outside world, and achieved all-round economic and social development, and made more remarkable achievements. From 65438 to 0998, the city's GDP reached 94 1 billion yuan, an increase of 10.6% over the previous year. Among them, the primary, secondary and tertiary industries increased by 6.5 billion yuan, 465.438+0 billion yuan and 46.6 billion yuan respectively, up by 65.438+065.438+0.8%, 65.438+065.438+0% and 9.8% respectively over the previous year. The regional fiscal revenue reached 55,865.438 billion yuan, an increase of 8.85% over the previous year in terms of comparable diameter; The per capita disposable income of urban residents in the city was 493 1.6 yuan, an increase of 4.6% over the previous year; The per capita net income of rural residents was 2,892 yuan, an increase of 20.6% over the previous year. At present, there have been four obvious changes in Shenyang's economy: First, the economic structure has been optimized. The added value of rural economy, private economy and tertiary industry accounts for an increasing proportion of GDP, which has changed Shenyang's single heavy industry structure. Second, the economic quality has improved significantly. The high-tech industry achieved an output value of 26.3 billion yuan, and achieved good results in transforming traditional industries with high technology. Third, the export-oriented economy has developed rapidly. 13' s fixed assets investment, 2/3' s technological transformation investment and 45%' s export earnings all come from foreign-invested enterprises. Fourth, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises have accelerated the pace of reform and extricating themselves from difficulties. The city's total industrial output value is 65,438+0,365,438+0 billion yuan, and large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises are developing in a good direction through transformation mechanism and grafting with foreign capital. 1At the end of 1998, the World Bank selected 4 1 cities as the most competitive cities in the world, and China's Beijing, Shanghai and Shenyang were among them.
Development advantage
As an old industrial base and a central city in Northeast China, Shenyang has formed three rare advantages through long-term accumulation and development. First, the geographical advantage. Dalian Port, which connects the world's major ports, and Yingkou New Port and Jinzhou Port, which are under construction, are only 400 kilometers away from Shenyang, which determines Shenyang's important position in the Bohai Economic Circle. Within the radius of 150 km with Shenyang as the center, there are eight big cities with basic industries and processing industries, forming a world-famous industrial urban agglomeration in central Liaoning with rich resources, strong structural complementarity and high technical relevance. Shenyang has the largest civil airport in Northeast China, the largest railway hub in China and the highest-grade highway network, and is an irreplaceable transportation hub in Northeast China. As a regional central market, Shenyang has a strong absorption, radiation and driving effect on neighboring cities and even the whole country. Excellent geographical location, complete railway and road network and numerous national and regional markets make Shenyang a distribution center for people flow, logistics and capital flow, and is gradually becoming a regional center of commerce, science and technology, transportation, tourism, information and finance. The second is the advantage of stock and scale. Shenyang has a strong stock of assets, forming a larger city scale. At present, the asset stock has reached 654.38+000 billion yuan. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, Shenyang's comprehensive strength ranks fifth in the country. As a big industrial city, Shenyang has not only formed an industrial system with complete categories, strong supporting capacity and high technical level, but also a number of large enterprises with important positions in the country, such as Northeast Power Transmission and Transformation Group, Dongyao Group, Machine Tool Group and Shenyang Chemical Co., Ltd., which are all supported by the state. Huge asset stock, relatively complete industrial categories and city scale are the basic conditions for Shenyang's revitalization. The third is the advantages of science and technology and talents. Shenyang has a large number of scientific research institutions and universities with high level, rich talents and strong strength. High-tech industrial clusters dominated by electronic information, automation, biotechnology, new materials, energy conservation and environmental protection have initially taken shape, and a number of high-tech enterprises such as Heguang Group and Neusoft Group have emerged. The advantages of science and technology and talents provide key conditions for the revitalization of Shenyang.
Development goals
Based on the basic situation of these markets, the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government led the people of the whole city to look at the 2 1 century, carefully planned urban development, and put forward the development goal of "135" (a good step in one year, a good image in three years, and a step up in five years). That is, from 65438 to 0998, we will achieve medium and high-speed economic growth, adjust and improve the ownership structure and industrial structure, speed up scientific and technological progress, shape the functions of central cities, vigorously improve people's lives, and lay a solid foundation for the next step of development; After three years of hard work, by 2000, the Ninth Five-Year Plan was fully realized, the institutional framework of market economy was basically formed, the degree of integration with the international economy and high technology was obviously improved, the adaptability of the economic structure was further enhanced, and various social undertakings made great progress. The GDP grew at an average annual rate of 10%, the fiscal revenue increased at an average annual rate of 8%, and the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of farmers increased by 65,438+respectively. Establish a brand-new image in the main aspects related to Shenyang's revitalization, establish a new image of agriculture, accelerate the construction of "One Belt and Four Districts" with the goal of industrialization and modernization, keep the total grain output at around 3.25 million tons, and further improve the comprehensive level of agriculture and rural economy. Industry has established a new image, aiming at three-year reform and extricating state-owned enterprises from difficulties. Dominant industries and key enterprises have basically taken shape, with output value and profits accounting for more than 60% of the city; The modern enterprise system has been basically established, covering 80%; The scientific and technological content has been further improved, and the output value of high and new technologies accounts for 25% of the city's total industrial output value; The vast majority of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises have basically extricated themselves from difficulties, and their losses have been controlled below 15%. The tertiary industry aims at expanding urban functions and improving regional centers, establishing a new image, adjusting its structure and expanding its scale, so that its added value accounts for 5 1% of the city's GDP, and regional commercial, financial, tourism and information centers are further established. Establish a new image of urban construction, with the goal of improving the level of urban modernization and internationalization, implement high-starting planning, high-standard construction and high-level management, and further play the role of central cities. Establish a new image of urban and rural civilization, with the goal of improving the civilized quality of citizens and the degree of urban civilization, form a spiritual strength, public opinion atmosphere, moral norms and legal environment conducive to reform, development and stability, step into the ranks of national environmental protection model cities and health cities, and become a national civilized city with beautiful environment, orderly management, excellent service, prosperous culture and good atmosphere. Party and government organs and cadres should establish a new image, aim at being clean, efficient and capable, strengthen the construction of party and government organs in an all-round way, speed up the transformation of government functions, improve the ideological and political quality and professional quality of cadres who serve the people wholeheartedly, so that they can show a higher level of organizational leadership and a good image of people's public servants in the construction of two civilizations in the city, and achieve an all-round improvement in the city's economic strength, science and technology, urban and rural construction, social development and people's life by 2002. On this basis, we will continue to move towards the goal of building a modern international central city.
development strategy
1999 is a crucial year for Shenyang to achieve the development goal of "135". The municipal party committee and municipal government decided to do eight tasks well: First, persist in optimizing the structure, improve efficiency, and strive to maintain the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the city's economy. Second, adhere to the overall situation of reform and accelerate the pace of establishing a market economic system. Third, adhere to the principle of "opening to the outside world promotes four" (promoting reform, structure, transformation and development through opening) and further improve the level of opening to the outside world. Fourth, adhere to the strategy of revitalizing the city through science and education, and vigorously promote the development of science and technology as the primary productive force and the development of talents' intelligence. Fifth, pay equal attention to urban construction and management and further expand the functions of central cities. Sixth, adhere to the idea of stability first and create a good social environment for reform and development. Seventh, adhere to the principle of "grasping with both hands and being hard with both hands" and strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization, democracy and legal system. Eighth, persist in building leading bodies and further improve the level of leadership. Great progress has been made in ten aspects: (1) The parks and markets planned and constructed by "One Belt and Four Districts" have begun to take shape, forming a complete agricultural industrialization system combining commerce, industry, agriculture, planting and breeding. (2) Cultivate and develop a large number of brand-name products and improve the level of complete sets of equipment and products. (3) Focus on building 10 market, accelerate the development of secondary markets of information industry, tourism and real estate, and strive for more domestic and foreign financial enterprises to set up branches in Shenyang. (4) Key enterprise groups should speed up asset reorganization and low-cost expansion, and realize the docking with international outstanding enterprises, especially the world's top 500 enterprises. (5) Encourage the private economy to participate in the restructuring of state-owned enterprises in various forms. (6) Promote joint ventures and cooperation with international multinational companies, with joint ventures and cooperation of leading products reaching 70%; Actively guide foreign investment to focus on agriculture, state-owned enterprises, high-tech industries, large-scale infrastructure and some service areas where the state gradually relaxes restrictions. Ensure that the actual use of foreign capital is 654.38+0 billion US dollars, and the foreign exchange earned by export is 735 million US dollars. (7) Promote high-tech transformation of traditional industries, do a good job in organizing and coordinating the docking of science and technology with economy, promote the combination of scientific research institutes, universities and enterprises, and optimize the allocation of educational resources. (eight) to speed up the implementation of 50 key construction projects, do a good job in large-scale infrastructure construction projects. (9) Vigorously implement the re-employment project and improve the social security system. (10) Do a good job in 10 spiritual civilization construction, improve the overall level of mass spiritual civilization creation activities, and realize the first batch to enter the national civilized cities.
look into the future
Shenyang once had the glory and long history of a famous historical and cultural city, and once had the glory and pride of an important industrial town in China. Today, the banner of reform and opening up has added more colorful colors to Shenyang, and the bright future of a modern metropolis is inspiring 6.7 million people to forge ahead, go global and open up the future!