Errenzhuan, known as Xiaoyangge, Bijueyi and Jumping, is also known as Koukou, Bibiqu, Liu Feng, Haruka, Banban Opera and Northeast Local Opera. It is rooted in the folk culture of Han nationality and belongs to the folk art school of Han nationality. It is popular in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and three cities and one alliance in eastern Inner Mongolia.
The characteristic duet in Northeast China mainly comes from the Northeast Yangko and the Lotus Waterfall in Hebei.
In the northeast's quip, the duet is "yangko as the foundation and lotus as the edge". Lianhualuo, also known as "Luozi", is a folk rap art of the Han nationality in northern China, singing and dancing while talking and singing.
Famous ones include The West Chamber, Back to the Cup, Mourning for the Nine Red Flowers, Rolling Pin by Liang, Sprinkling Water in front of the Horse, and Breaking the Empress Dowager Cixi.
Northeast China is the land of "Longxing" in Qing Dynasty. Since ancient times, in addition to the minority Han people in Liaodong and western Liaoning, the vast areas centered on Baishan Heishui are dominated by ethnic minorities, especially Manchu, Mongolian and other riding, shooting and nomadic ethnic groups. During the prosperous period of Kang Yong's rule, the Qing Dynasty implemented a strict "closed door" policy, forbidding Han Chinese to enter Kanto.
After the prosperous period of Kang Yong's rule, the national strength of the Qing emperors became weaker and weaker. Coupled with the invasion of foreign enemies, the policy of "going outside the customs" existed in name only, which led to the tide of "going to the East" in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. A large number of people from Shandong and Hebei entered the northeast, bringing the "yangko-based, lotus-based" duet from inside Shanhaiguan Pass to the outside.
The duet is rooted in Han folk culture, so its performance lines have some rural characteristics and vulgar colors, but the content of duet is not dominated by vulgar colors. Many operas of Errenzhuan are similar to Pingju, Northeast Drum and Lotus Falls. This phenomenon continued until 1980 Jilin Folk Art Troupe was established, and its predecessor was the Second Team of Jilin Ji Troupe. After the revision of Jilin Folk Art Troupe, many aria became the famous aria of duet.
For example, Pig Bajie on the ground, drinking cups, sprinkling water in front of the horse, viewing paintings in the West Chamber, cursing ducks, Liang Zhu going down the mountain, Bao Gong's broken queen mother, blue bridge flowing water, second aunt's visiting, the Monkey King's three-tone banana fan, drunk in the sky and so on. While adapting a large number of traditional plays, Jilin Folk Art Troupe has also trained a large number of duet artists, such as Han Ziping, Qin Zhiping, Dong Lianhai, Xu Zhenwu and Yin Weimin. , He, Dong Wei, Li, Guan, Yan Shuping, and so on.
The name Errenzhuan first appeared in the seventh edition of Taitung Daily on April 27th, the second year of the Puppet Manchukuo Kant (1934). "... a teahouse on Mishima Street in this city (Acheng). Recently, I was either invited by a township to play a duet, and several people were together, or danced in the country, which was called "Lotus Waterfall" and dressed up in various roles every day.
1953 In April, at the first national folk music and dance conference held in Beijing, the duet program of the Northeast delegation officially participated in the performance, thus the name duet was recognized by the national literary and art circles for the first time.
Types of cosmetics
There are two kinds of formal attire for traditional duets, that is, monthly attire. Formal dress is to put a film on your forehead, hang a top flower and a top phoenix, and tie a tail behind your back. Some costumes also need sleeves, such as "Mu" costume, which is the head of nun 1. You don't need to wear a flower, but a wig, such as Hu, and you can imitate real hair with real hair at the back.
The makeup of the two people is divided into three types: minority costume, ugly costume and warrior costume.
Artistic feature
1, the duet evolved from the northeast yangko, which absorbed the lotus drop in Hebei and added dancing, figures and walking.
2. It has been nearly 300 years since the initial creation, and the relationship between artists and teachers can be traced back to the last years of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty.
3. Errenzhuan has formed four schools in history: East, West, South and North.
4. The East Road focuses on Jilin City, dancing colorful sticks with martial arts elements.
5. The west road is mainly in Heishan County, Liaoning Province, and is influenced by the lotus drop in Hebei Province, so it pays attention to the board head.
6. The south road is dominated by Yingkou City, Liaoning Province, which is greatly influenced by yangko, and both song and dance are equally important.
7. North Road focuses on the Great Northern Wilderness in Heilongjiang and is influenced by local folk songs.
8. There used to be a proverb that "the south depends on waves, the north depends on singing, and the west depends on bantou, and Dongda".
Singing characteristics
Singing is greatly influenced by the Northeast Drum, playing the strings and Hebei Bangzi. The lyrics are humorous and full of life. The duet is called "Nine Tones, Eighteen Tones and Seventy-two Hi", totaling more than 300 songs. Suona and Banhu are the main musical instruments of Errenzhuan. In addition to bamboo boards (two big boards and five knuckles), clapping instruments also use jade boards, also called Yu Zi (four bamboo boards, playing two pieces in one hand). The performance of Errenzhuan has "four merits and one skill".
The four skills refer to "singing, speaking, doing (or pretending) and dancing", as well as "stunts" such as handkerchiefs, fans, big boards and jade cards. The lyrics are mainly seven-character and ten-character sentences, and there are also long and short sentences of folk songs. Speaking includes talking on the blackboard in a hundred miles, using rhyme in a hundred miles, being humorous, paying attention to performance means and movements, and making good use of national dances and martial arts movements.