Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), a Han nationality, was named Lotte, and in his later years, he was also named Xiangshan Jushi, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty in China. He is a famous poet and writer with far-reaching influence in the history of China literature. His poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and popular language, and are known as "Poet Saint" and "Poet King".
Basic information column
Chinese name: Bai Juyi
Alias: Bai Letian, Xiangshan laity, Bai Fu, Bai Wengong.
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Shanxi, China
Date of birth: 772 AD
Date of death: 846 AD
Occupation: poet
Main achievements: actively advocating the new Yuefu movement in literature.
He wrote many poems reflecting people's sufferings.
Representative works: Collection of Bai Changqing, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa, Charcoal Man.
[Edit this paragraph] Personal data
Bai Juyi was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi, and later moved to Xiayi (now Linwei District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province). Bai Juyi's father later became a county magistrate in Gongxian County, Henan Province, and became friends with his neighbor Xinzheng County magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful scenery of Xinzheng, his family moved to Xinzheng. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai, Xinzheng County (now Xinzheng, Henan Province) on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Tang Daizong Dali (AD 772). He lived in Xinzheng until he was 12 years old, and then moved to Jiangnan to escape the war in the Central Plains. Five cases of relocation will last for six years.
Bai Juyi was smart since childhood and studied very hard. After reading it, his mouth was sour and his hands were worn out. Young, all white hair. There are still allusions about 100 days ago when he was born, and "Bai Juyi was in Gu Kuang" when he first arrived in Chang 'an. His poems have a wide influence not only in China, but also in Japan, Korea and other countries. Together with Yuan Zhen, he launched the "New Yuefu Movement", which was called "Bai Yuan" in history.
Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan, Luoyang for a long time in his later years, hence the name "Xiangshan Jushi". In August of the sixth year of five Huichang cases (AD 846), Bai Juyi died of illness in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang, at the age of 75. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty Li Chen wrote a poem to mourn him. The poem said, "Who taught Minglu to be a poet for sixty years?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article was full of people's ears, and I was once sad. "He is the author of Bai Changqing Collection, with a total volume of 7 1.
In his later years, Bai Juyi was made a prince, and posthumous title was a white father and a white man. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things". He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. Yuanhe was a bachelor of Hanlin and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. Because he offended powerful people, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima and became a good Buddha in his later years. He wrote many poems in his life, among which allegorical poems are the most famous, and the language is easy to understand, so he is called "an old woman who can explain". Narrative poems such as Pipa Xing, Song of Eternal Sorrow and Charcoal Man are all famous. One of them is "We shouted a thousand times, but she still hid half her face behind the guitar and refused to come to us" in Pipa. "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "More famous.
Deng Xiaoda once said: "It is precisely because Bai Letian's poems can be interpreted by an old woman that his poems have established their position in the hearts of the people."
Bai Juyi's poems were widely circulated at that time, from the palace to the folk, and their fame spread far and wide in Xinjiang, Korea and Japan. Bai Juyi's poems had a great influence on later literature. Pi Rixiu in the late Tang Dynasty, Lu You in the Song Dynasty, Wu and Huang Zunxian in the Qing Dynasty were all inspired by Bai Juyi's poems. Bai Juyi's poems have the greatest influence in Japan. He is Japan's favorite poet of the Tang Dynasty. His poems are often quoted by Japanese classical novels. It can be said that Bai Juyi was the man of the hour in China's Tang poetry.
In his later years, he befriended Liu Yuxi, a "poet" known as "Bai Liu", and advocated taking songs as poems to play an ironic role. His ci is very distinctive and famous for its bright and beautiful style, which is highly praised by later poets.
Bai Juyi's main works are: Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa, Selling Charcoal Weng, Farewell to Ancient Grass, Spring Tour of Qiantang Lake, Mujiang Song, Memory of Jiangnan, Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple, Drunk with Li Eleven, Memory of Yuanjiu, Zhongshu Province, and Memory of Jiangnan.
[Edit this paragraph] The life of the character
Biographical notes
He comes from a small and medium-sized bureaucrat family who is a scholar. Born in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou (now Xinzheng County, Henan Province). Since 1 1 years old, she has been displaced by war for five or six years. I studied hard when I was a teenager. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800 years), he was a scholar, and in the 18th year, he got an excellent degree with Yuan Zhen. Two people are engaged. In the future, Bai Yuan was also famous for his poems. In the spring of nineteen years, he was awarded the provincial school secretary. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), he dismissed the proofreader, wrote 75 pieces of "Ce Lin", and was awarded the title of "knowing talents, knowing body and function". Shoot "Watching Wheat Cutting" and "Song of Eternal Sorrow". Yuanhe returned to Korea in the second year, awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin in November, and served as a left gleaning in the following year. In four years, he launched the New Yuefu Movement with Yuan Zhen and Li Shen. In five years, Cao, a native of Jingzhao County, joined the army. At this time, he was still a bachelor of Hanlin, drafting letters and participating in state affairs. He can be outspoken about things without fear of powerful people and close ministers. In six years, Yuanhe was sent back to Beijing to serve because his mother was at home and had served her full term. In ten years, he was demoted to Sima Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) for taking the lead in catching the murderer of Wu. The following year, I wrote Pipa Travel. He began to "be an official in seclusion" and built a thatched cottage in Lushan. His thought has changed from "saving the world" to "being immune to the world", and more and more leisurely and sentimental poems have appeared. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he changed to Zhongzhou Secretariat, returned to Beijing in the fifteenth year, and moved to Zhongshu Sheren. Due to the feud between the cronies of the DPRK and China, Yu Changqing requested to be released in the second year (822), and he was the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou successively, which won the hearts of the people. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), he was supervised by the secretary, transferred to assistant minister of punishments the following year and settled in Luoyang for four years. Later, he served as the guest of the Prince, Henan Yin and Shaofu Prince. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. In Luoyang, he entertained himself with poetry, wine, Zen, Qin and mountains and rivers, and often sang with Liu Yuxi, who was called Liu Yuxi. In Huichang four years, eight stone beaches were dug in Longmen for the benefit of boat people. At the age of 75, he was buried at Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Longmen, Luoyang. Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph for him.
be an official
Life is divided into two periods, with Sima being demoted to Jiangzhou at the age of 44. The early period is the period of helping the world, and the later period is the period of being independent. Bai Juyi was a 29-year-old scholar in the 26th year of Zhenyuan. He has served as secretary of the provincial school, secretary of Wei and bachelor of Hanlin. During Yuan He's reign, he was left to clean up the mess and wrote a lot of satirical poems, including Qin Zhongyin's famous poem 10 and 50 poems of new Yuefu, which made the dignitaries gnash their teeth and regret their wrists. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi's mother died in Chang 'an because of mental disorder. According to the rules at that time, Bai Juyi returned to his hometown for three years and returned to Chang 'an after the funeral. The emperor arranged for him to be a doctor. In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, when Bai Juyi was 44 years old, Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Zhong Cheng Pei Du were assassinated. Wu died on the spot and Pei Du was seriously injured. For such a big event, the eunuch group and the old bureaucratic group in power at that time kept calm and were in no hurry to deal with it. Bai Juyi was very angry. For the sake of law and order, he urged the authorities to strictly arrest the murderer. However, instead of praising his enthusiasm for state affairs, those in power say that he is an official of the Eastern Palace, and it is trespassing to talk about state affairs in front of the admonishers. So he was demoted to the state secretariat. Wang Ya said that her mother fell into the well while looking at flowers and died. He wrote poems about flowers and wells, which hurt filial piety. Such people are not worthy of governing the county, so they are demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In fact, the reason why he offended was those allegorical poems.
The official demotion to Jiangzhou dealt a great blow to Bai Juyi. He said that he "eliminated the troubles and happiness on the surface and the right and wrong in his chest", and his early Buddhist and Taoist thoughts also grew. Three years later, with the help of his good friend Cui Qun, he was promoted to the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong died suddenly in Chang 'an, and Tang Muzong succeeded to the throne. Mu Zong loves talents, recalled Chang 'an, and became a foreign minister, doctor, doctor and sinologist. However, at that time, North Korea was in chaos, with ministers fighting for power and profit and infighting. Mu Zong is politically lazy and doesn't listen to advice. Therefore, Mu Zong was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou in the second year of Changqing, and Suzhou was appointed as the secretariat after the expiration of Hangzhou. In his later years, he was divided into the eastern capital by the Prince. A 70-year-old official. Compared with the previous period, he is much more negative, but after all, he is a poet who has made a difference and actively pleaded for the people. Some of his poems at this time still show his concern for the country and the people. He is still diligent in political affairs and has done many good things, such as dredging six wells dug by Li Bi and solving the problem of drinking water for the people. He built a long dike on the West Lake to store water and irrigate the fields, and wrote down the easy-to-understand Stone of Qiantang River, which was carved on a stone to tell people how to store water and drain water. He thought that as long as the dike was as good as law, it would not suffer from drought. This is the famous "Bai Causeway".
Be addicted to alcohol
Bai Juyi's grandfather Huang Bai and his father Bai Ji Terrier are both poets. In this family background, Bai Juyi studied very hard and eventually became a poet. But Bai Juyi, like Li Bai and Du Fu, was a heavy drinker. Zhang Wenqian said in Tiaoxi Fish in Conghua: Although Tao Yuanming loves to drink, he can't drink often because of his poor family. Drinking with him are farmers who collect firewood, catch fish and farm land, and the location is also in the Woods and fields. Bai Juyi makes wine at home, and every time he drinks, he must be accompanied by silk and bamboo and served by prostitutes. All the people who drink with him are social celebrities, such as Pei Du and Liu Yuxi.
At the age of 67, he wrote a biography of Mr. Drunk Sound. This drunken Mr. Yin is himself. In his biography, he said that there was a man named Mr. Zuiyin, and he didn't know his name, hometown and official position. He only knew that he had been an official for 30 years and retired to Los Angeles. He lives in ponds, bamboo poles, trees, pavilions, pontoons and so on. He likes drinking, reciting poems, playing the piano and playing with drunkards, poetry lovers and piano lovers. This is also the case. Bai Juyi has been roaming in temples, hills and spring stones inside and outside Luoyang.
Whenever the weather is beautiful, or it snows, he invites guests to his house, first painting the jar, then writing poems, and then holding silk and bamboo. So while drinking, I recited poems and played the piano. There is a boy playing "wearing a dress and feathers" and a little prostitute singing "Yang Liuzhi", which is a great pleasure. It didn't stop until everyone was drunk. Bai Juyi sometimes went to the wild on a whim, put a piano and a pillow in the car, hung two hip pots on bamboo poles on both sides of the car, drank with the piano and came back happily.
According to Poor You Ji, there is a pond in Bai Juyi's house where he can row a boat. He entertained guests, and sometimes on the boat, he ordered people to hang more than 100 empty bags beside the boat, which contained wine and delicacies, and went with the boat. When he wants to eat or drink, he pulls them up, and when he finishes eating or drinking, he pulls up another one until he finishes eating or drinking.
In this way, it must be different from Tao Yuanming's predicament.
Fang Shao's Zhai Bo Discriminations says: Of the 2,800 poems written by Bai Letian, 800 were drunk. This number is not small.
When he drinks, he sometimes drinks alone. For example, when he was a secretariat in Suzhou, he was busy with official business and dismissed him with wine. He drank wine all day to relieve his nine days' hard work. He said: don't underestimate a day of drunkenness, that is to eliminate nine days of fatigue. If you are not tired for nine days, how can you cure the people of the country? How can you entertain yourself if you are not drunk for a day? He combined wine with labor.
More is drinking with friends. He said in the poem "Drunk with Li Eleven and Remember Yuan Jiu"; When you are drunk, you will break your spring worries, and when you are drunk, you will make wine. In the poem "To Yuan Zhen", it is said: Flower swimming on the pommel horse, a glass of wine in the snow. In the poem "Drinking, Drinking, Dreams and Late Period", he said; You and I fought for 10 thousand yuan to buy a barrel of good wine, and we watched it for seventy years and three years. In the poem "A suggestion for my friend Liu", he said: There is a ray of green in the old bottle and a trace of red in the static furnace. With dusk and snow coming, how about a glass of wine? Wait, wait.
Luzhen, a native of Yining, Henan Province, carved a biography of Mr. Zuiyin on a stone and stood beside the tomb. Legend has it that Luoyang people and tourists from all over the world know that Bai Juyi was addicted to alcohol all his life, so they all came to sweep the grave to propose a toast as a souvenir. The vast land in front of the tomb is often wet.