Cen Can's resume Cen Can (7 15? ~ 770), a frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, was also called Gao Cen with Gao Shi. A native of Nanyang (now Henan) in the Tang Dynasty, he later moved to Jiangling (now Hubei). Great-grandfather Cen Wenben, great-grandfather CenChangQian and uncle CenXi all became prime ministers by pen and ink. Father CenZhi, official to jinzhou secretariat.
Cen Can 10 years old, his father died, and the family became more and more difficult. He learned it from his brother's family. He was nine years old that year. Song Ying, a mountain resident aged 15, studied hard and read classic history, laying an academic foundation. When I was 20 years old, I went to Chang 'an, offered books for official positions, and went to Beijing, Luoyang and Heshuo. In the third year of Tianbao (744), he was a scholar and was authorized to lead the government soldier Cao to join the army. Before that, he wrote "Feeling Old Fu", describing the decline of family background and personal frustrations. In the eighth year of Tianbao, I served as the secretary of the shogunate of Gao Xianzhi, our ambassador to Anxi four towns. When he went out for the first time, he was full of ambition to serve his country. He wants to explore the future in the army, but he is not satisfied. After ten years in Tianbao, I returned to Chang 'an and traveled with Du Fu and Gao Shi, which was deeply inspired. Thirteen years later, he served as Judge Feng Changqing of Northwest An Hospital, and went to frontier fortress again to make contributions to the country. Most frontier fortress poems became famous at this time. In the Anshi Rebellion, Cen Shendong returned to the king of Qin, and Du Fu recommended him as the right vacancy. He was appointed as a living person in the second year (759) because of his "diligent seal, which is called Syria's right" (Preface to Duque Cen's History Poetry). In less than a month, it was reduced to the history of the governor. Later, he was appointed as prince Zhongyun, doctor of secrecy department and doctor of treasury, and was called "Cenjiazhou" because he was a historian. After he was dismissed from office, Dongfang did not return, and he made a self-mourning for "Zhao Bei Cowen". The guest died in Chengdu. At the age of 56, he was born in a bureaucratic family, and his great-grandfather, great-grandfather and great-grandfather were all official prime ministers. His father, also known as "Gao Cen" with Gao Shi, was also a two-term state secretariat. But my father died young and my family fortune declined. I accepted my brother's books and read the history of classics since I was a child. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an to present a book for an official position. If you can't find a formal position, you will go to Luo Jing and Roaming River. Tianbao three years (744, 30 years old) Jinshi, Cao Congjun. For eight years, Tianbao served as the shogunate secretary of Gao Xianzhi, our ambassador to Anxi, and went to Anxi for ten years, then returned to Chang 'an. In thirteen years, he was appointed as Judge Feng Changqing, our time envoy of Northwest Hospital of An 'an, and went to the frontier again. After the Anshi Rebellion, he stayed in Germany for two years before returning to North Korea. Twice in the frontier for six years. His poem says, "Wan Li served the king with nothing to ask for. I also know that the border is bitter, and I am begging my wife. " ("Judge Yuwen on the first trip to Longshan Road") He also said: "Side by side, assist the curtain and take charge of the frontier. I have been waiting for a long time, so I also wear a short coat. I have been able to walk fast recently, and I am not weak or talkative. " (Dr. Feng Hou in the western suburb of Beiting surrendered and returned to the army.) It can be seen that his two trips to the fortress were quite ambitious. After he returned to North Korea, Du Fu and others recommended him to fill the vacancy, and later he was transferred to other official positions such as Scheeren. In the first year of Dali, the official to the history of the secretariat, named Cenjiazhou. After the break, the guests died in Chengdu Guest House.
Allusions Chi Tingfeng Loongson
One day in 752 AD, Cen Can ended his military affairs in Wuwei and returned to the Western Regions. He passed the Chiting Pavilion, and the soldiers guarding the border asked him to write poems. Cen Can and these soldiers are old friends. They don't make excuses. I had just finished writing a poem, but I didn't expect a child crowded in it to sing inadvertently. Cen Can is surprised that there are such children here. The soldier told him, "This little boy is a Uighur shepherd. In a strong wind, this herding sheep saved thirteen of our soldiers, and we allowed him to herd sheep here. " Cen Can turned to the shepherd and asked, "Who taught you Chinese?" The shepherd said, "It's the father." A soldier said, "His family came here in the early years." Shepard took an old book from his pocket and handed it to Cen Can. Cen Can didn't understand Uighur and asked the shepherd boy. Sheppard said, "It was written by Grandpa and called The Analects." Cen Can didn't say anything. He touched the shepherd boy's head and wrote a sentence for him: "The Analects of Confucius is profound." Shepard put the inscription in her arms, made three bows to Cen Can, and then left happily. The next day, the shepherd boy's father heard that the poet Cen Can was coming, so he led the shepherd boy to Cen Can, saying that his family was a scholarly family, originally from Mobei grassland, and fled to the western regions because of the court rebellion. He begged Cen Can to accept the child as his adopted son and teach him to become an adult. Cen Can liked this clever boy very much, and thought that in the Western Regions, the army lacked translators, so the boy could be made. So he said to the shepherd's father, "I am a soldier." If I want to adopt him, I have to take him away. " The shepherd's father immediately agreed with Cen Can. The shepherd's name used to be Ye Li, but Cen Can changed it to "Censtork". In this way, CenGui followed Cen Can to join the army and came to Luntai.
A few years later, under the careful instruction of Cen Can, Cengui was not only smart and capable, but also proficient in Chinese and Uyghur. Cen Can entered the customs and presented Cengu. Cenhu lived up to the teacher's cultivation, and while working, he trained many translators. In his later years, Cengui returned to his hometown of Puchang to enjoy his family. He continued to educate his descendants and tell the story of Cen Can. Later, Gu Jun, the servant of Uighur leader, occupied Xizhou and established Gaochang Uighur Kingdom. Most of CenHu's descendants are officials of the imperial court. Xie, a monk and translator in Gaochang in Yuan Dynasty, is a descendant of Cenhu.
Bill in Cen Can's Tomb
The ancient tombs of Astana-Hala and Gu Zhuo (located 42km east of Turpan, Xinjiang) are one of the most famous ancient tombs in the world and are called "underground museums". Archaeologists accidentally found a banknote left by Cen Can, a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, in Tomb 506. Cen Can's bill was attached to a unique paper coffin, covering the body. A paper coffin is as big as a wooden coffin, but it has no bottom. In the ancient tomb in Astana, many dead people were covered with a paper coffin, accompanied by paper belts, shoes and other funerary objects. It may be that ancient paper is precious and scarce, and used paper will not be thrown away casually, and it will have other uses. The paper used in these funerary objects is documents, files, letters, account books, etc. Used at that time, the words on it were written in China ink. Taken apart, these paper funerary objects are the world-famous Turpan Documents. This bill of Cen Can came from here, which is a precious cultural relic left by the poet unintentionally. Imagine, in the snowy desert of the frontier fortress, the young poet Cen Can is also a high-spirited and ambitious young man. He fought on the edge of the desert, galloping between Tianshan Mountain, Luntai, Xue Hai and Jiaohe River. He often comes from Pegasus, takes a short rest at the post office, prepares enough food and grass, and gallops off across the horse. From the 12th to 14th year of Tianbao (AD 753-755), it was clearly recorded in the receipts and payments of horses in Xizhou and other stations: Judge Ma Qipi of Cen ate green wheat, three beans (buckets), five liters (liters) and Fu Jianer Jin Chen.
At the end of Tianbao, he was stationed in the northern courtyard of Jiexi Prefecture, and there was only one judge named Cen in the Feng Changqing shogunate. So historians have concluded that the "Judge Cen" here is. This is a record of seven horses waiting for someone to use horse material at the post office and give the money of horse material to the post office. It is this account page that someone posted on a paper coffin that was miraculously excavated in the ancient tomb by archaeologists more than 1000 years later. Cen Can went to frontier fortress twice, lived in frontier fortress for six years before and after, and wrote a lot of frontier fortress poems. His poems are magnificent, colorful, imaginative and varied, presenting a strange and magnificent picture beyond the Great Wall. Frontier poems, represented by Cen Can and Gao Shi, can form a unique artistic style and become an important genre, mainly because these poets generally have lofty ideals and ambitions and are full of pioneering passion and dreams. It is this rough and heroic temperament that has created the glory of the prosperous Tang Dynasty that future generations will always admire.
Poetic career Cen Can's early poems mainly focus on scenery writing, expressing feelings and giving answers. The style of landscape poems is beautiful and elegant, which is quite close to He Xun's, but the language is strange and the artistic conception is novel. Sentimentality, lamenting poverty and indignation are also strong. For example, I feel that I met by chance, I was careful, I walked in the mountains in late autumn, and I went to the girder but sent the crazy city master. Six years' frontier life has broadened Cen Can's poetic realm and further developed his novel features. Magnificent romance became the keynote of his frontier poems. He not only warmly praised Tang Jun's bravery and exploits, but also euphemistically exposed the cruelty and misery of the war. Exotic scenery such as volcanic cloud, Tianshan snow, re-sea transpiration, Leng Hai, wind and rolling stones, and yellow sand soaring into the sky are also integrated into his poems. Representative works include Snow White Farewell to Secretary Wu Tian's Home, A Trip to Sichuan, Song of Wheel Platform, etc. In addition, he also wrote about the frontier fortress customs and the friendly coexistence of all ethnic groups, as well as the homesickness and grievances of soldiers, which greatly expanded the creative theme and artistic realm of frontier fortress poems. Cen Can's poems in his later years were confused and gradually depressed. After entering Shu, the landscape poems have added strange and strong features, but the idea of seclusion has also developed in the poems.
Cen Can was a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty. At that time, there were frequent wars in the northwest frontier. With the ambition of making contributions to the Great Wall, Cen Can boarded the Great Wall twice and stayed in the border guards for six years. Therefore, he has long-term observation and experience on the ice and snow of pommel horse life. He enthusiastically eulogized the fighting spirit of border guards, such as "Song of Wheel Tower" to bid farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition, and wrote the heroic scene of the soldiers going forward and fighting. "The drums on all sides are like a storm, and thousands of people shout and shake the mountains." The soldiers are selfless and full of loyalty, courage and patriotism. For another example, in The Journey to the West, the poet described the soldiers' nervous pre-war March in the snow: "Wearing armor all night, marching in the middle of the night, and the sharp wind tip cuts their faces like a knife." Cen Can also exposed the uneven bitterness and joy in the life of the military camp. He described the life of a frontier general as "a greenhouse embroidered with red stoves and woven into dado flowers" in the Military Song of General Yumenguan Gai. In front of the lamp, the ladies-in-waiting sprinkled jade pots, and the gold boring was messy. The purple ribbon and the gold medal walked around and asked if it was a pale slave. "On the other hand, the life of foot soldiers is that" soldiers often go hungry, and food is not available one after another. It tells the story of the magnificent mountains and rivers in the western part of the motherland, and makes vivid and exaggerated artistic descriptions of the ever-changing frontier scenery. For example, "Night comes like a spring breeze, blowing a million pears" in "Song of Snow to Send Wu Home" describes the snowstorm in the frontier, but it gives people a feeling of endless spring. Cen Can's poems are rich in imagination, novel in artistic conception, magnificent, fantastic in style, gorgeous in words and romantic in character. Lu You, a patriotic poet, once said, "I thought Taibai and Zimei were the only ones behind." . (Selected Works of Weinan Postscript History of Poetry).
Cen Can's poems have a wide range of themes. In addition to generally lamenting his life experience and giving answers to his friends, he also wrote many landscape poems before going to the frontier. The poetic style is quite similar to that of Xie Tiao and He Xun, but it is characterized by novel artistic conception. Poems such as "Mountain breeze blows the empty forest, whispering like people" ("Walking in Late Autumn"), "Long wind blows the cogongrass, and wild fire burns the mulberries" ("To the Girder, I will send it to the Lord of Kuangcheng") are all examples of poetic wonders. Du Fu also said that "Cen Can brothers are all curious" ("A trip to the United States"), and the so-called "curiosity" is the hobby of novelty.
In the late Tianbao period, the internal affairs of the Tang empire were extremely corrupt, but in Anxi frontier fortress, the troops were still quite strong. In the 13th year of Tianbao, Cen Can, the poem "Doctors in the Western Suburb of Beiting surrendered to the army after the wind" once described Tang Jun's prestige at that time: "Alakazam has beautiful alfalfa, and horses are fat on the wheel platform. Last month, General Feng attacked the Hu people and went to the Western Heaven. Before the two armies fought, the enemy surrendered on the way home. Camel teams are in an endless stream, and yurts are one after another. The bonfire in Yinshan is extinguished, and the sword water is thin. " This situation remained until the An Shi Rebellion. Cen Can's frontier poems came into being under such circumstances. Therefore, he became a representative of the frontier poetry school.
Characteristics of Poetry The theme of Cen Can's poems involves narration, answering questions, landscapes and travel, among which frontier poems are the most outstanding, and "grandeur" is its outstanding feature. Cen Can went to frontier fortress twice and wrote more than 70 frontier fortress poems. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, he wrote the most frontier poems and made the most outstanding achievements.
In his works, no enemy can be a real opponent in the face of the strength of the Tang Empire, so he doesn't need to write about the outstanding struggles and hard sacrifices of the soldiers. What he wants to write is another great force that stands in front of soldiers, that is, harsh nature. For example, in the The Journey to the West, snowy nights and roaring winds, flying sand and stones, these formidable harsh climatic environments in the frontier desert, in the poet's impression, have become spectacular scenery that set off heroism, which is a wonderful beauty worthy of appreciation. Without the enterprising spirit and courage to overcome difficulties, it is difficult to feel this way. Only poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can have this cheerful mind and this artistic sense.
Cen Can expressed the scenery beyond the Great Wall with strange enthusiasm and magnificent colors. Under the control of frontier fortress's generosity and lofty sentiments, with heroic tone and peculiar artistic techniques, the strange scenery and customs of the northwest desert are vividly displayed, which has a unique magnificent beauty. It broke through the traditional mode of writing frontier poems in the past, and greatly enriched and broadened the description theme and content scope of frontier poems.
The key to style is "magnificent", and the language is vivid and exaggerated, impassioned, magnificent, magnificent, imaginative and changeable.
The works were presented to the army by doctors in the western suburbs of Beiting; When I first arrived at the South Pool of Xiguan Guanshe, I gave it to my old friends in the left and right provinces and Nangong. Guo Liangzhou presented Zhang Shangshu; Presented to the gentlemen of the North Pavilion North Building; It was presented to Judge Yuwen on the way to Longshan for the first time; In the early autumn, when I accompanied Commissioner Di to the West Building of the Mansion, I presented it to the public in the courtyard. And give it to the ladies in winter. Send a message to a Taoist priest in Longxi, Qingcheng; Liangzhou Huaiyu sent Yu Xin's poems to the judge; Send a friend to the court in Tongguan with Wang Qiji; When you are in the girder, send a message to the Lord of Kuang Kuang; Remember Yan Fang from Huayin Dongguo Guest House? Send a message to Dewey in the countryside; Send a message to Li Yinren of the East and West King of Wu. On the peak of Qingyi Mountain in Shangshi, the master Hui Jing lived in seclusion and sent a doctor to the Ministry of War, Yang Langzhong; When he entered Jianmenguan to send Du a doctor, the two joined hands to send Marshal Du a doctor; Gong Beiqiu sent Cui Mingyun to send friends to Zhao when he met the South Ambassador in the spring. When Jizhou Guest House was full of wine, Wang Qi was sent to ask about the south building, and the prince wanted to move westward. Finally, he found a way to find a perfect home in the south. Reward Shao Gu's trip, reward Shaanxi Zhen judge, send him to Jiangning to visit Wang Changling, send judge Liu Dan to Wuwei Anxi Camp, send Wang Changling to Jiangning, send him to Hedong, and bid farewell to Zong Yi, a bachelor of North Academy. Li Kun was sent to swim across the river, Wang's works were sent to the Huaixi shogunate, Zhang Shuji was sent as a judge to cross the Bianhe River and then to other provinces of the river, and soldiers were sent to the same state on winter nights.
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