Original text:
Chai Lu
Wang Wei [Tang Dynasty]
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard.
The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.
Translation:
There was no one in the silent valley, only people's voices were heard.
The afterglow of the sunset reflected into the depths of the forest and shone on the moss in the dark.
Precautions:
Luzhai (zhài): One of Wang Wei's other commercial attractions in Wangchuan (southwest of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province). Firewood: a fence surrounded by trees, connecting "village" and "hill".
But: only.
Jǐng: Sunshine.
Answer: Again.
Creative background:
Chai Lu is one of Wang Wei's scenic spots in Wangchuan. During Tang Tianbao's reign, Wang Wei bought Wangchuan's business at the foot of Zhong Nanshan. There are 20 scenic spots in Wangchuan. Wang Wei and his good friend Peidi wrote poems one after another and compiled them into "Wang Chuan Bie Ji". This poem is the fifth.
Appreciate:
The first sentence, "There seems to be no one on the empty mountain", first describes the empty mountain positively. Wang Wei especially likes to use the word "empty mountain", but in different poems, the realm it expresses is different. "Empty mountain after rain, beginning of autumn evening" ("Mountain in Autumn Night"), focusing on the autumn mountain after rain; "Sweet-scented osmanthus falls when people are idle, and the night is quiet and the spring mountain is empty" ("Bird Watching Creek"), which focuses on expressing the tranquility and beauty of the spring mountain night; There seems to be no one on the empty mountain. On the other hand, it focuses on the emptiness and tranquility of the mountain. Because there is no trace, this mountain, which is not a vacuum, appears empty and empty in the poet's feeling, just like the ancient land. "Seeing no one" embodies the meaning of "empty mountain".
If you only look at the first sentence, the reader may think it is ordinary, but it is unexpected that "there seems to be no one on the empty mountain" is followed by "but I think I heard a voice". The word "but smell" is quite interesting. Under normal circumstances, although the silent empty mountain "does not see people", it is not silent. The chirping of birds, the chirping of insects, the rustling of the wind and the gurgling of water are intertwined, and the sounds of nature are actually very colorful. At the moment, however, all this is silent, only occasionally there is sound, but there is no figure (because the mountains are deep and the forests are dense). This "human voice" seems to break the "silence" In fact, it is a partial and temporary "ring", which reflects the overall and long-term emptiness. The more empty the valley, the more empty it is; The more people talk in an empty mountain, the lonelier they are. After the voice sounded, the empty mountain returned to the realm of silence; And because people's voices sounded just now, the sense of emptiness at this time is more prominent.
The three or four sentences in the above picture describe the empty mountain and then the deep forest. From the sound to the color, the deep forest is dark, and the moss under the trees in the forest highlights the lack of sunshine in the deep forest. Although silence and darkness are related to hearing and vision respectively, they often belong to the same category in people's general impression, so silence and tranquility are often linked. According to Nature, when writing about the darkness in the deep forest, we should focus on describing that it can't see the sun, but these two sentences are specially written into the deep forest and reflected on the moss. When readers suddenly see it, they will feel that this oblique light brings a ray of light to the depths of the dark forest, a little warmth to the moss in the forest, or a little business to the whole forest. However, if you appreciate it carefully, you will feel that the author's subjective intention and the objective effect of the work are just the opposite. Blind darkness sometimes makes people unaware of its darkness, but when a touch of afterglow shines into the dark forest, mottled tree shadows are reflected on the moss under the tree, and the sharp contrast between that small piece of light and shadow and the boundless darkness makes the darkness in the forest more prominent. In particular, this kind of "dead light" is not only weak, but also short-lived. After a touch of afterglow disappears in an instant, it is followed by a long darkness. If we say a word or two, there is a sound contrast between silence and silence; Then three or four sentences are about fighting darkness with light. The whole poem is like adding a little warm color to most cool pictures, which makes the impression of cool color more prominent.
Quiet beauty and magnificent beauty are two kinds of beauty in nature, and there is no difference between them. But the quietness is almost ethereal, and the seclusion is slightly cold, which shows the unique side of the author's aesthetic taste. Similarly, the writing about "empty mountain" also focuses on the expression of quiet beauty. Autumn Night in a Mountain is brightly colored, and there is a peaceful and quiet atmosphere floating in the quiet tone, which contains lively vitality; Although Bird Song Jian describes the tranquility of Spring Mountain, the overall artistic conception is not deserted and ethereal. The clear glow of the moon, the fragrance of osmanthus and the singing of mountain birds all have the breath of spring and the tranquility of the night. Chai Lu has a cold and empty color, though it is not so lonely.
Wang Wei is a poet, painter and musician. This poem embodies the combination of poetry, painting and music. Silent, dark and dark, it is easy for ordinary people to perceive; But silence with sound and darkness with light are less noticed. It is precisely because the poet's unique painter and musician are sensitive to color and sound that he grasped the unique quiet realm at the moment when the voice of the empty mountain man sounded and the deep forest saw the light again. But this sensitivity is inseparable from his careful observation of nature and his focus on silence.
About the author:
Wang Wei (70 1 year -76 1 year, 699 -76 1 year), whose real name was Ji Jie, was named the magic pony. Han nationality, a native of Hedong, Zhou Pu (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) and Qixian, Shanxi, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty and was known as the "Shi Fo". Su Shi commented: "Poetry is full of paintings; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was a scholar and was appointed as Tai Lecheng. Wang Wei is a representative of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Today, there are more than 400 poems, including Acacia and Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains. Wang Wei is proficient in Buddhism and is greatly influenced by Zen. Buddhism has a Vimalakīrti Jing, which is the origin of Wang Wei's name and ci. Wang Wei's poems, paintings and calligraphy are all famous, versatile and proficient in music. Together with Meng Haoran, they are called "Wang Meng".