Zhuge Liang was born in the 4th year of Han Dynasty (A.D. 18 1), an official family in Yang Du (now yinan county, Shandong) of Langye County. Zhuge family is a noble family of Langxie, whose ancestor Zhuge Feng served as a captain of Li Si in the Western Han Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Jue, was named Simon and worked as a county magistrate in Taishan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's 3-year-old mother Zhang died of illness and his father died at the age of 8 (9-year-old mother, 12-year-old father). Zhuge Liang and his younger sister and brother Zhuge Jun followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan (appointed by Yuan Shu as the prefect of Zhang Yu) to work in Zhang Yu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge Xuan was replaced by Zhu Hao, and Zhuge Xuan went to his old friend Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao.
In the second year of Jian 'an (AD 197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his brother and sister lost their livelihood, so they moved to Nanyang. At the age of 65,438+07, Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied under Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror. He saw that Liu Biao was incompetent and not the master of the world, so he lived in seclusion in Longzhongshan, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and built a house. This was in the year 197. Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong for ten years. He made friends with celebrities in the south of the Yangtze River, "comparing himself to Guan Zhonghe every time", and loved to sing Song of Fu Liang, and made friends with celebrities such as Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Huang, Cui and Xu Shu. His intelligence has been recognized by everyone, and he has the ambition to conquer the world. He pays close attention to the development of the current situation, so he knows the world situation like the back of his hand. Known as "Wolong". Marry Huang's daughter.
In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (AD 207), Zhuge Liang was 27 years old. Liu Bei went to the thatched cottage to meet Zhuge Liang and asked about the plan to unify the world. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of seizing Jing and Yi as a base area first, reforming politics at home, uniting with Sun Quan abroad, comforting Yi Yue in Nan 'an and sending troops to the north in the west to unify the whole country. This passage is the famous "dragon". After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts suddenly became clear. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talents were rare, so he earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain to assist Liu Bei, joined forces with Sun to fight Cao, and Battle of Red Cliffs was defeated. Form the trend of the Three Kingdoms and seize Jingzhou. Jian 'an sixteen years, captured Yizhou. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In twenty-six years, Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs.
In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (AD 223), Liu Bei was critically ill in Yong 'an, and called Zhuge Liang to take care of the affairs, saying, "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you can finally settle down in the world and achieve great things. If the heir can help, you can help; If he is incompetent, you can be the master of Chengdu. " Zhuge Liang quickly cried: "I will try my best to bring out the best in each other, and I will be loyal to death!" " The queen acceded to the throne.
Liu Chan, the ruler in the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the marquis of Wuxiang, who led Yizhou as a shepherd. Establish a prime minister's office to handle daily affairs. At that time, the military, political and financial affairs of the whole country, big or small, were decided by Zhuge Liang, with strict rewards and punishments. Make an alliance with Dongwu, improve relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China, open up wasteland and strengthen combat readiness. In the fifth year of lite (AD 227), Shang Shu (a model) was in Liu Chan and led the army out of Hanzhong. He made six northern expeditions to the Central Plains, mostly with grain. Twelve years later, due to overwork, he died in the former army and entrusted Jiang Wei with the funeral.
Zhuge Liang is an orthodox thinker who upholds feudal laws and advocates Confucian loyalty and morality. However, Zhuge Liang did not stick to Confucian dogma. He respects the king, but does not harass foreigners. He made a southern tour to appease foreigners and implemented the best ethnic policy among the three countries. Zhuge Liang has become a model for future generations with the spirit of "devoting all his efforts to death before doing it".
China has portrayed Zhuge Liang as the embodiment of wisdom for thousands of years, and his legendary story has been told by the world. Zhuge Liang is ingenious, resourceful and thoughtful. "Liancrossbow" has been innovated, and it can continuously launch 10 arrows; Make "wooden cows and flowing horses" to facilitate military transportation in mountainous areas; He also derived Sun Tzu's Art of War and made an "eight-array diagram"
Wen Tianxiang, born in Wenshan, Song Rui, 1236 was born into a landlord family in Futian Village, Chunhua Township, Luling, Jiangxi Province. His father loves reading, attaches great importance to children's learning, and tries to hire famous teachers to teach. Wen Tianxiang and his younger brother will read and write in a study full of aphorisms and talk about the past and the present.
18 years old, Wen Tianxiang won the first place in Luling Township School Examination. At the age of 20, he entered Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). In the same year, he chose Gong in Jizhou and went to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) with his father to take the exam.
In the imperial examination, he pertinently put forward the "imperial examination strategy", put forward the reform plan and expressed his political ambition. He was praised by the examiner as "loyal to the monarch and patriotic as a stone", and was personally rated as the top scholar in 60 1 Jinshi by Emperor Li Zong. Four days later, his father died unfortunately, and Wen Tianxiang went home to mourn for three years. Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), whose real name was Banshan, was named Badger Lang, and was named Jing Gong. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Liyang Village, Shangchi, dongxiang county, Fuzhou City) was an outstanding politician, thinker and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year of Li Qing (1042), Yang Town ranked fourth in the Jinshi list, and successively served as a judge in Huainan, a magistrate in Yinxian County, a judge, a magistrate in Changzhou, a criminal prison in Jiangdong, Tiaodian and other local officials. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has served as a member of the same school twice to publicize the new law. After nine years in Xining, he lived in seclusion in Zhongshan, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and died. Lenin praised him as a "1 1 century reformer in China".