If Li Bai is compared to Peking University and Du Fu to Tsinghua, then Wang Wei is Fudan among the poets in the Tang Dynasty. Beyond the peak, he has a unique style.

Li and Du's main achievement is poetry, not a generalist like Wang Wei.

Summarize his characteristics in three sentences, that is, among poets, he can draw best, among painters, he can play music best, and among musicians, he knows Buddhism best.

Participating in interest classes is quite expensive. Obviously, children from ordinary families can learn so many specialties.

Yes, Wang Wei is a noble family born with a golden key.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were several super families, known as "five surnames and seven looks", namely, Wang of Taiyuan, Lu of Fanyang, Zheng of Xingyang, Ercui of Boling in Qinghe and Longxi of Zhaojun. "Five surnames and seven expectations" are very proud. They only play in their own small circles and don't marry others.

How good were they then? For example, Emperor Taizong wanted to marry his daughter, but the other party refused to marry him, so he disdained the tacky royal family.

Emperor Taizong endured this tone, but Tang Gaozong didn't. He banned the marriage between "five surnames and seven expectations" and forced them to open the door of marriage to the outside world. As a result, the "five surnames and seven expectations" changed its strategy, and even the wedding was not needed, and the daughters were directly dressed up and given to their in-laws. Anyway, they don't want to marry other surnames.

Wang Wei's father is Wang in Taiyuan, and his mother is Cui Shi's daughter in Boling. They get along well.

At that time, aristocratic families were not only rich and powerful, but also stood at the top of the contempt chain in culture. The "family style" and "family learning" mentioned by later generations were formed from aristocratic families.

Wang Wei was born in such a family, and he has everything he wants. Naturally, his potential development is much earlier and smoother than that of ordinary children.

At the age of nine, he had written a good poem, painted a good picture, practiced a good calligraphy and played a good pipa, and became a well-known "other people's child".

When I was fifteen, my peers were still busy with the senior high school entrance examination. He had read enough poems, packed his bags and went out for a study tour.

It was 7 16, the fourth year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan, and the most powerful weather in Datang was about to bloom.

Wang Wei has been to Chang 'an, Luoyang and Zhong Nanshan, writing poems while traveling, and inadvertently left these words:

"A stranger in a foreign land misses his family on holidays. I know from a distance where my brother climbed, and there is one person missing from the dogwood. " -"Thinking of my Shandong brother on vacation in the mountains"

This poem has been screened 1000 years in the poetry circle, and it is still a must for children to learn Tang poetry.

This year, Li Bai, the same age as Wang Wei, was studying hard behind closed doors in the mountains of Sichuan, and Du Fu, eleven years younger than him, was still playing with mud in the countryside.

Wang Wei was the first court-level poet to enter the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

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There is a kind of person who lives in the world as if to make others feel inferior.

Good background, good study and good talent are enough to abandon most of their peers. Isn't it unreasonable to add handsome?

At the age of nineteen, Wang Wei stayed in Chang 'an to review and prepare for the college entrance examination. In addition to the results of the examination papers, the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty also had an additional item-fame. If it is recommended by the nobles in the DPRK, it will increase the chips in the exam.

Wang Wei, who developed morally, intellectually, physically and artistically in an all-round way, had attracted a wave of fans in the capital at that time, including a heavyweight-Wang Qi, the younger brother of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (the one mentioned in Du Fu's poem "On Meeting Li Guinian in the South of the Yangtze River", "Wang Qifu is vulgar").

Wang Qi wanted to help him and said, "Someone can make you top in high school. You write a song first, then copy some poems, and I'll take you to see her. "

The man mentioned by King Qi is Princess Yu Zhen. She is the same mother and sister of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. She is deeply loved by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and happens to be a young woman in literature and art. ..

In Princess Zhen's palace, Wang Wei dressed as a pipa player walked around Wang Qi, plucked the strings on a spindle, and slowly twisted them, and the music was finished, which surprised everyone.

The princess invited him to have a look. The boy in front of me is "young and white, with beautiful charm". She was dazed and asked, "Handsome boy, what music are you playing?"

Wang Wei replied: "Yu Lunbao, a work I just wrote."

The princess was surprised and asked, "What else can you do besides music?"

Wang Wei took out a manuscript: "I know a little about writing poetry and painting."

The princess took it and turned over. Her eyes couldn't help but keep straight: "The handwriting is good ... the poems are also good ... What, did you write these poems?" I have read all of them. When those red berries come in spring, they blush on your southern branches. Hug and go home, for me, as a symbol of our love', I always thought it was written by the last generation of poets! "

The work promotion meeting turned into a fan meeting, and Princess Yu Zhen readily agreed to help Wang Wei (she was also the person who later recommended Li Bai to Tang Xuanzong, a real poetry fan). The following spring, Wang Wei really became a scholar.

Jinshi is the dream of every scholar. Li Bai, Du Fu and Meng Haoran have never been scholars in their lives, and Han Yu retailed for three times before being admitted. When Meng Jiao finally made the list at the age of 46, he was so happy that he wanted to fly. He also wrote that "Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and Chang 'an flowers can be seen in one day", enjoying himself.

Wang Wei was only twenty years old when he arrived. The goal that others have been working hard all their lives, he has easily enjoyed it at the age of weak crown. Immediately, he was appointed as the deputy head of the Central Orchestra (Tai Lecheng, the official of Zhengbapin), responsible for arranging the royal concert.

This beautiful boy, well-read and versatile, became famous in Chang 'an for a time. In order to improve their cultural power, senior officials and nobles have taken the initiative to make friends with him.

It was the heyday of Wang Wei's life. He wrote four "Travel Notes of Teenagers", each of which is a natural and unrestrained gesture.

"Xinfeng fights for one thousand, and Xianyang Rangers have lived for many years (read the fourth sound). Welcome the spirit to drink for the king, it is a high horse. " -"Teenagers do one thing"

At this time, Li Bai is sending resumes everywhere, and he has repeatedly lost and fought. Du Fu also climbed trees in his hometown to pick fruits to eat (pears and dates ripen in August before the court, and trees can return a thousand times a day).

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It's so easy to get into trouble at a young age, but I didn't expect to come so soon.

Less than a year after taking office, I once danced a yellow lion during the rehearsal of the orchestra, which caused great trouble. "Yellow" and "yellow" are homophonic. The yellow lion can only dance when the emperor is present. Wang Wei, a newcomer to officialdom, is not familiar with these rules. Because of this, he was sent to Jeju (now southwest of Chiping County, Shandong Province) as treasurer and joined the army.

From Montana in the literary and art circles of the Imperial Capital to the warehouse manager in the fourth-tier cities, Wei Wang is like riding a roller coaster.

The demotion of officials was very common in ancient times, either complaining sullenly (Liu Zongyuan, Bai Juyi) or calmly decompressing themselves (Fan Zhongyan, Su Shi), but when it came to Wang Wei, the reaction was a bit different from ordinary people.

He's calm, too, just a little too calm-he's devastated.

Wang Wei's mother is a devout Buddhist. She named him after Vimalakīrti Jing, a Buddhist classic, and taught him to study in person, laying a Buddhist foundation for young Wang Wei.

It also left a lifelong mark.

The Yellow Lion incident made Wang Wei deeply disappointed with his career. When he is not busy at work, he travels around, socializes with local hermits, eminent monks and Taoist priests, recites poems, and talks about Buddhism and Zen.

Sometimes I feel homesick, but my mood is weak:

"You come from my motherland, tell me what happened! . When you passed my window, did the plum blossom bloom its first cold flower? ? "-"Three Miscellaneous Poems No.2 "

Wang Wei stayed in Jeju for five years. At the age of 26, he finally decided to quit his job and return to Chang 'an.

Wang Qi has passed away, so there is no point in staying in Chang 'an. Wang Wei came to Zhong Nanshan with his family, and found a manor in Wangchuangou to live in seclusion, from which a famous friendship in the literary world began.

Another person, Pei Di, is a scholar who likes to write poems and study Buddhism, and is congenial to Wang Wei. Sometimes they are bored together all day, boating, playing the piano and reciting poems.

Wang Wei wrote many poems in his life, including A Book from Wangchuan's Other Careers, Drinking and so on, as well as Poems in Play by Wen Peixiu's Scholar, and A Little Play by Deng ... The most affectionate one is a gift to Pei Di;

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"No see, long time no see. Every day, the head of spring always remembers to join hands. Hand in hand, sigh and leave. Recalling this today, I am not deeply homesick. "

At the age of thirty, Wang Wei's wife died, which is said to be due to dystocia. After that, he never married or concubined, was a vegetarian, wore coarse clothes, slept in a rope bed, lived alone in a room and lived a cold life. Some people say that his husband and wife love each other forever. Some people say that he and Patty are suspected of having broken sleeves. For whatever reason, they are no longer interested in women.

In the past ten years, fame, love and marriage have come and gone. Wang Wei's poems no longer have the temperament of teenagers, and his Zen is getting stronger and stronger.

four

A few years later, one of his friends, Zhang Jiuling (the one who wrote "The moon is now full on the sea, illuminating the whole heaven") became prime minister and was looking for talents for the country.

Wang Wei's heart of serving the country was mentioned again, so he wrote a self-recommendation poem to Zhang Jiuling. Zhang Jiuling knew he was talented, so he was promoted to be the right gleaner (the official in charge of supervision).

Soon, Zhang Jiuling was pushed out by courtier Li and retired to Jingzhou. Wang Wei felt hopeless in the future and had the heart to retire.

This time, he chose to leave the wrong place and go to a distant place.

In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, 37-year-old Wang Wei went to Liangzhou as an army supervisor and defected to Cui Mufu, our ambassador to Hexi.

This is a desert, the sky is vast, the wind is blowing dust, and the clouds in the distance are dyed yellow.

A line of geese from far to near, and then gradually away, disappeared on the horizon. Wang Wei rode in a carriage and crossed the vast world alone. This scene was written by him in a poem:

"Asked the bike, belonging to the country too Juyan. Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky. The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. Xiao Guan and other riders are all in Yanran. " -"successful summit"

There were many frontier poets in Tang Dynasty, such as Luo, Gao Shi, Wang Zhihuan, Wang Changling and Li Yi. When they write about the frontier and the desert, they all have a bleak and desolate feeling full of sandstorms. But this poem by Wang Wei is a little different. He writes slowly, peacefully and aesthetically. Necklaces, in particular, are simply impressionistic paintings with clever composition.

Wang Wei stayed in Liangzhou for two years, watching Huang Yun, listening to painting horns, watching hunting and smelling the Qiangdi, all of which were life he had never experienced before. Even if Cui was suddenly transferred later and Wang Wei had to return to Chang 'an, he could still write a generous frontier poem:

"Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow. I advise you to drink more wine. It makes no sense to go to Yangguan in the west. " -"Send Yuan Er Shi Anxi"

Ten years later, Wang Wei became an official in Beijing, leading an ordinary life, and his position rose steadily, but there was nothing worthy of praise.

During this period, friends Cui, Zhang Jiuling and Meng Haoran died one after another, and mother Cui Shi also died one after another. Li Bai, a great scholar, made a soy sauce in the palace and left. Du Fu, a little poet, went to Chang 'an and couldn't find his way. Wang Wei didn't make friends with these two people.

He stayed in it quietly, even donated money to temples in Wangchuan Villa, and devoted himself to studying Buddhism.

Until the fifteenth year of Tianbao, fate turned sharply.

An Shi Rebellion broke out.

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An Lushan's troops captured Chang 'an and captured two poets.

One is Du Fu. An Lushan didn't know him and didn't even bother to turn it off. He took advantage of the chaos to escape.

The other is Wang Wei. An Lushan is his brain powder. When he sees an idol, he will hold on to it and insist on making him an official.

Wang Wei really didn't want to dare to resist face to face, so he had to think of a crooked trick. Today I say I have a stomachache, and tomorrow I say I have a hoarse voice. An Lushan don't eat this one, send someone to guard, while delicious to wait on.

One day, An Lushan gave a banquet in Ningbichi, called the artists of the former Datang Central Orchestra and forced them to perform. Wang Wei was detained in Bordet. A Pei Di scholar secretly came to see him and told him about Ningbichi. Wang Wei listened to tears and wrote a poem on the spot:

"Thousands of sorrow, when will the official return to the sky? Autumn leaves fall into the palace and orchestral strings are played in the pool. " -"Bordet banned Pei Di to look at"

This sad song of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism later saved Wang Wei's life.

After Tang Jun recovered Chang 'an, he arrested all those who had been false officials and prepared to be executed. Someone sent Wang Wei's poems to Tang Suzong to read, and Wang Wei's younger brother Wang Jin knelt down and begged him to redeem his younger brother with his official position. Knowing Wang Wei's fame, Tang Suzong not only released him, but also promoted him.

Wang Wei failed to make a difference in his ambitious youth, but devoted himself to Buddhism in his later years and has always been a good minister (similar to Vice Premier the State Council).

It's just that he is no longer the 15-year-old boy in white when he first arrived in Chang 'an. After his experience in Qian Fan, he lost his enthusiasm for the world, claiming to be "quiet in his later years and worry-free". Although he is in a high position, he lives a semi-official and semi-secluded life. He went back to Wangchuan for a few days to eat vegetarian food and read Buddha.

Looking back, he let out a sigh:

"Yesterday, Zhu Yan became a twilight tooth, and her white hair hung down for a while. There are many sad things in life, and I won't sell them to Empty Net. " -"Sighing with White Hair"

Wang Wei was a bachelor for more than 30 years and remained alone until his death. He had a premonition that he would die soon, so he wrote a farewell letter to his younger brother Wang Jin and a few words to his relatives and friends as a souvenir. Then he threw away his pen and died peacefully, just as perfect as his poem.

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Later generations praised Wang Wei, calling him "the first master of rhythmic poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty", and also called him "the father of southern painting school" and "the first chair in the prosperous Tang Dynasty". His calligraphy is very good, and seal cutting has its own style. As for his musical talent, the history books say that he can guess which beat of which music is played by the person in the painting only by a picture of playing music.

It takes hundreds of years to cultivate such a generalist. The next person who knows everything about poetry and calligraphy is Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Su Shi understood Wang Wei and called him "painting in poetry and poetry in painting".

Wang Wei's poems are really picturesque. Look at these sentences:

"Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream."

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"I will walk until the river blocks my way, then sit down and watch the rising clouds."

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"This river runs through heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes andno."

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"When the sun sets, the rivers and lakes are white, and the tide rises."

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"Looking at the lake, green hills and white clouds are rolling."

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"Hibiscus flowers with sawdust, red calyx in the mountains. There is no one at home, leaving it open. "

Every poem is a natural landscape painting, pure and silent, everything is empty. Wang Weirong is in the mountains and rivers, and he does not ask for anything when he is in trouble, like a flower of Buddha, without trace.

But Wang Wei's poems are not only picturesque, but also have a sense of quiet music. Listen, if you don't believe me:

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"Spring pigeons sing on the house, and apricot blossoms are white at the edge of the village."

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"I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming."

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"Outside Chai Men, I listen to cicadas in the evening breeze."

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"There is a bright moon in the dragon's head, and pedestrians play flute on the dragon at night."

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"People idle osmanthus falls, and the night is quiet and empty. When the moon comes out, it surprises the birds and sounds into the spring stream. "

The most beautiful time in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is in Wang Wei's poems. You think he wrote a poem, but it is actually a painting and a piece of music, which arouses your infinite feelings by means of multimedia.

In his poems, we can't see great sadness and joy, and we can't smell the breath of struggle, so later generations respectfully call him "Shi Fo".

But if you are really indifferent to everything, how can you write those clever sentences?

You see, he invited Pei Di to play in the mountains, fearing that the other party would push him off. He said, If you weren't such a smart and elegant person, how could I bother about such a trivial matter?

This is Wang Wei's interesting soul, one in a million.