The most famous Zhuang opera actor is the Hokuriku Zhuang opera artist. They not only pushed Zhuang Opera to a peak in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, but also played a role in the development of Zhuang Opera a hundred years later. The professionalism of Zhuang opera artists can be said to be passed down from generation to generation.
There have been 10 generations of Zhuang drama teachers in Hokuriku. There is a mentoring relationship between generations, and the second and third generations, the seventh, eighth and ninth generations are also father-son relationships.
The name of the troupe varies from master to master. For example, Huang is named after the word "dragon", Tong, and Huang Yonggui is named after the word "harmony". Their troupe includes Longsheng class, synonymous class and Republican class.
In the development process of each troupe, the troupe owners decided different names at different times, some based on place names, some based on people's favorite, and many famous dramas. Out of reverence for Master, each troupe usually lists the memorial tablets of teachers in previous dynasties. During the performance, they set up incense tables in the middle and behind the scenes, offering sacrifices day and night, and the incense burned until the end of the performance.
In the development of Zhuang drama, there are 10 people who have made outstanding contributions to the development of Zhuang drama. They are remembered and given different titles by people. They are: Taiwan Province teacher Yang Liulian; Cenru and Cenzong, two singers, are brothers; Cen Xiulong and Cen Huiming, former teachers; Huang, founder; Liao Fallon, Grand Master; Huang Yonggui, the whole teacher; Fan Lihua; And successors.
"Teacher Taiwan Province" Yang Liulian was born in Nadu Village, Jiuzhou Town, tianlin county. Born in the reign of Kangxi and died in the reign of Qianlong. He is a singer in the countryside and also learns to play "Taiwan Province Drama".
1760, during the Qianlong period, Liu Yang went to Sichuan for business. Because he returned to China at a loss, he worked in Sichuan to save money and watched a play. In this process, he felt that the stage plays in Sichuan were more magnificent than those in his hometown, so he wanted to move this practice to his hometown.
1763, Yang Liulian returned to her hometown and merged the Bayin class in this village with the Taiwanese class in the old state to form the Longcheng class learning drama. 1769, Longcheng class set up a 20-foot-wide stage in Jiuzhou Street and performed "A Treasure Iron", which was sung in a flat tone and was well received by the masses.
This performance is the first stage of Hokuriku Zhuang Opera, and its greatest contribution to Hokuriku Zhuang Opera is the form of singing, so it is honored as "Teacher Taiwan Province" by later generations. Disciples are Zhu Shengming, Cenru and Cenzong. Shortly thereafter, Yang Liulian returned to Nadu and formed another troupe, with Zhu Shengming in charge of the Longcheng class.
"Songshi" Cenru and Cenzong are both from Yangbaitun, Jiuzhou Town, tianlin county. After learning drama from Liu Yang, the teacher of Taiwan Province, he returned to China and Belarus to organize a drama class and compiled programs such as Double Cast Red River and Duet.
In their later years, Cenru and Cenzong sang four sentences in one song because of their flat melody, which made them have difficulty breathing, so they changed to two sentences, and their names were still called "Pingdiao". This is their greatest contribution to Hokuriku Zhuang drama.
Cen Xiulong and Cen Huiming's cousins were from Yangbaitun, Jiuzhou Town, tianlin county during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. Different from their parents, the two brothers advocate new practices, that is, singing less and acting more. Because of the emphasis on action performance, the stage skills are outstanding.
The former teachers, Cen Xiulong and Cen Huiming, transplanted many plays, including Cold Night Clothes, Two Precious Pictures, Zhu Maichen, Mulan Joining the Army and so on. The tune of dressing was compiled by the tune of voice, which was the greatest contribution of the Cen family to the Beilu Zhuang drama.
Huang, a living teacher, was born in Baitun Center, Jiuzhou Town, tianlin county. Huang is also known as the "former teacher". He made a milestone contribution to the Beilu Zhuang drama all his life, and revised the main theme of the Beilu Zhuang drama, that is, leveling it to the right tune; Music accompaniment has developed from just pulling the main line to chorus.
1806, Huang went to Longhe, Laiye and other places in Longlin County to preach operas. He is also the head of tianlin county Banjian, Ba Du and Pingtang Troupe. In his later years, he went to Lengshui, Longlin County, and taught opera in Naliangtun, Funing County, Yunnan Province.
He once had a memorial tablet of "Huang Mentor" in the Opera Troupe. The seventh generation artist Huang Yonggui's calligraphy "Taifu" also ranked his name in the first place.
"Founder" Liao Fallon is from Yangbaitun, Jiuzhou Town, tianlin county. From the age of 8 to 14, he studied, stole books and copied drama books every day. 15 years old worships Huang as a teacher to learn drama. At the age of 20, he studied Taoism. 24 years old, both "drama" and "Tao". With this knowledge, the Zhuang drama Taifu of Hokuriku was born.
Liao Fallon advocated offering sacrifices to the teacher and singing opera without forgetting his ancestors. In art, he can talk, teach and write plays. He has edited and directed Nong Gao Zhi, body double Nanshe Jing, Transplanting Mulan to Join the Army, Exploring the East and the West, and Exploring the South under Three Conditions.
Singing the tune of killing chickens was created by Liao Fallon, and has since become the custom of Hokuriku Zhuang Opera. Every time the troupe opens and closes the stage, it is to kill the chicken for the gods and read "Taifu". This practice has been followed by the central white, semi-construction, municipal government, He Nong, Nanhe and Pingtang troupes.
Liao Fallon also created major, orthodox, costume, divination, Eight Immortals, Tang Sheng and folk songs.
"Master" Yang Lian is a descendant of Yangliulian from Nadutun, Jiuzhou Town. When I was young, I went to worship Huang and Liao Fallon as my teachers and brought back the old scripts handed down by Yang Liulian.
Yang Lian was good at Taoism, and added a teacher. The ancestral tablet stands in the inner platform, and the social gods stand in front of the stage. During the performance, cigarettes were provided day and night, and the disciples sincerely offered them to ensure the peace of the village and smooth singing.
Yang Liantai's rules are very strict. Actors can't go up and down without permission before the play is over. The play was well performed and the masses spoke highly of it. At that time, because there were few local operas, he personally went to Nanning to buy novels and adapt them into plays.
Adapted by Yang Lian, there are Two Plums, Injong Denying Mother, Fifth Birthday, The Mystery of Bao Gong, etc. He has performed in Bai Yang, Jiuzhou and Nadu successively, which made the audience laugh and cry. Soon, he was invited to give lectures in various places, and visited Naxi, Malang, Banjian and Longlin counties of this county, Zhelang, Lengshui, Luowei, Longhao and Laiya, among which Shali lived for more than four months.
Huang Yonggui, nicknamed "Quanshi", began to study at the age of 8, went to Nanning to take an exam at the age of 22, and taught opera at Pingliutun in Bagui Township at the age of 36. He likes local operas since he was a child. He studied under Liao Fallon and Yang Lian, studying during the day and studying opera at night.
When Huang Yonggui went to Nanning to take the exam, he fell in love with Yong Opera and abandoned his name. He sits in his old seat every day and every time he goes to the theatre. He was discovered by Yong dramatist Lei and accepted as a disciple.
Huang Yonggui studied drama from Lei for three years, learned all kinds of skills, learned to draw costumes, copied 64 scripts, bought a dulcimer, and returned to Tianlin in 1880, and organized the "Wanhe Class" for the first time to imitate Yong Opera. Because singing is different from vernacular Chinese opera, the actors can't learn well, the masses can't understand it, and the troupe can't go on. He was not afraid of difficulties, went to Jiuzhou to discuss with businessmen and residents, and got the support of the local Yuedong Guild Hall. Focusing on Guangdong Street, he set up a Republican class and sang operas. Because the singing in the performance is mixed with foreign languages, the masses call their troupe "Tuhan Class".
1887, Tu Hanban was invited to perform in Wuzhou, which lasted for half a month and reached its peak. After returning to China, he performed in Baise, Li Le, Lucheng and Jiuzhou. In order to meet the needs of the masses, we don't copy Yong opera, but only integrate the essence of Yong opera into local operas.
In the past, local operas were only good at literary operas, and it was Huang Yonggui who taught martial arts. There were only four erhu before the local opera, and it was Huang Yonggui who introduced percussion and dulcimer accompaniment. The singing of local operas is mostly off-board, and Huang Yonggui changed it to off-board; Performances and footwork of local operas from all walks of life have been refined by Huang Yonggui, and their skills have been greatly improved and their characteristics have become more obvious.
Huang Yonggui is particularly fond of martial arts. He once played the Monkey King in The Birth of the Monkey King, the king in Mulan Joining the Army, Xue in Xue Joining the Army for Three Times and Nong in Nong.
During the performance, Huang Yonggui performed excellent moves such as forward somersault, back somersault, triple somersault in the air, falling off the stage, jumping on the stage again and jumping off the middle curtain. , thus gaining the reputation of "flying in the soil".
It is said that Huang Yonggui has taught more than 30 troupes in his life, including Jiuzhou, Banjian, He Nong, Nanhe, Pingtang Liuchi, Liu Xia, Nabi, Bama, Nongwa, Ba Du, Nongtan, Bagui, Bajiang, Li Zhe, Li Le, Zhong Ping, Baida, Qihua, Pingdian, Liu Ping, and Guangxi tianlin county Eight Cars. In addition, Longlin County has sand, wave shelter, rock tea, cold water, Luowei and southern suburbs. Changping, Baigang and Zhejia in Baise County; After Naiyan, Bada and Yanghou in Ceheng County, Guizhou Province, he went to Shanghe to teach drama classes such as Tuanfeng, Zhelong, Banwan and Banba.
1890, Huang Yonggui went to Funing, Yunnan to teach opera. Later, after teaching in Baise County, he died in Bajiangtun on his way home.
Huang Yonggui made an indelible contribution to the development of local operas and became the third milestone in the history of the development of Zhuang operas in Hokuriku.
Huang Fuxiang, the "Fan Lihua", is the third son of Huang Yonggui, a master of Zhuang Opera in Hokuriku. He studied drama with his father since childhood and entered three martial arts classes to learn boxing. Learn from local Wushu teachers, Debao Wushu teachers and Guizhou Wushu teachers.
Huang Fuxiang 15 years old began to inherit his father's business. /kloc-When he was 0/6 years old, he painted clothes with his father and officially performed on the stage. Because of his profound foundation, he was versatile all his life, proficient in Dan, literature and martial arts, and proficient in singing, doing, reading and playing. He not only inherited the skills of his predecessors, but also created new programs. He is a master of the artistic rules of local operas.
Huang Fuxiang plays Agriculture, which is full of strategy, loyalty, kindness and alertness, and Ya Bu's Song of Elegance. These characters have distinct personalities and vivid images, and they are especially good at Wu Dan.
Huang Fuxiang's martial arts are varied. Three people jumped off the platform, holding knives from scratch, holding sticks and holding two knives, knife to knife, gun to gun, fighting three times, once and four times. He played Mulan, Mu,, and was praised as "Fan Lihua" by the masses for his exquisite writing style.
Huang Fuxiang combines the strengths of predecessors and creates distinctive artistic characteristics. His performance is delicate, vivid and strong, with special emphasis on artistic beauty, fancy movements and variety. His flower fan is flexible and flexible, lively and clever, and his wrist skills are very skillful.
Huang Fuxiang's forehand and backhand fan method, rotary cutting, fan on the horn chest, has a unique flavor. One after another, it's dizzying. Most of his vocals are simple and simple, and they are all opposite vocals, but he can slightly change the traditional vocals according to different plots to express the thoughts and feelings of the characters, and the effect is remarkable.
When Huang Fuxiang was young, his voice was sweet and soft, his lines were melodious and lingering, and he paid attention to expressing his feelings with his voice. Some of his vocals sound familiar, but after his polishing, they are charming and fresh, and people who listen to them always feel beautiful.
Huang Fuxiang not only studied performing arts, but also constantly innovated in dance beauty and accompaniment. Every time he teaches drama in a place, he starts with saving money and painting costumes for local troupes; Once the drama professor is finished, you can put on your costume and perform on stage. Middle-aged people went to Nanning to participate in an art competition and won the title of "Dragon and Phoenix".
Ma Guhu, the main accompaniment instrument of local opera, used to play semi-reverse line. In order to strengthen the expressive force, Huang Fuxiang changed it to "all-anti-line" accompaniment, which was fascinating. In singing, he did not stand still, and created positive adagio, clown tune and other vocals.
Huang Fuxiang devoted himself to the cause of Zhuang Opera all his life, and worked in Liu Ping, Li Le, Jiuzhou, Bai Wen, Qihua, Patek, Ba Du, Bache, Zhelai, Liu Dan, Hun, Wangtun, Dong Jian, Dongnong, Baifeng, Lengtun, Xiaolan, Zheyun and tianlin county Menton. He has coached more than 20 troupes in Liang Na, Denghe and Pingping, Funing County.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Huang Fuxiang went to Jiuzhou to organize Luoyang Drama Club, and organized actresses to participate in performances, which was a famous role on the stage. Study and ponder together, study under the stage and practice on the stage. For more than two months, he rehearsed plays such as Two Southwards, Three Southwards, Renzong Denying Mother, Bao Gong Angry Uncle Wu Wang and Six Generals.
Later, Huang Fuxiang went to Guizhou to perform via Longlin County. When I went to Shali, Longlin County, I performed with the local Huang Opera Troupe and then toured to please Guizhou and Yangba.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Huang Fuxiang and his brother Huang Fuxing were invited to teach opera in Naji Village and Denghe Village, Funing County, Yunnan Province. The voice cavity that has been heard, cut, passed through, tuned, predicted, and shouted. The repertoires include Three Mothers and Godsons, Taking Office from an Official, Two Plums, etc., which have excellent reputation.
Huang Fuxiang took many apprentices, among whom Lu Fuhai and Guan Kejian were famous. Lu Fuhai specializes in the role of Dandan, which has been enduring for a long time. Huang Fuxiang handed over 36 scripts copied by Guan Kejian and encouraged him to work hard for local operas for life.
After the founding of New China, Huang Fuxiang was still determined to spread drama and participated in all previous theatrical performances. /kloc-edited "carp girl" in 0/955 and won the county performance award. Later, he adapted "Hundred Birds' Clothing" with Wei Wei, participated in the cultural performance of the Yi Autonomous Region in western Guangxi held in Nanning, and won the excellent program award. 65438-0956 was the artistic director of Youjiang Zhuang Troupe.
Later, Huang Fuxiang returned to Tianlin and became a teacher of the county literature and art school. In the meantime, he created the modern drama Gan and participated in regional amateur theatrical performances, which was a success. At that time, Youjiang Daily published comments and enthusiastic praises, and also sent an interview with Huang Fuxiang, editor of People.
"Substitute teacher" Huang is from Pingliutun, Yao Township, Bagui, tianlin county. He is the son of the eighth generation artist Huang Fuxiang and the grandson of the seventh generation artist Huang Yonggui. Among the ten generations of artists in Hokuriku Zhuang Opera, there is a legend that "three generations of artists are one family", which means that their family has been passed down from generation to generation.
Huang began to study with his father when he was 2 1 year old. Because it is usually exposed, you can perform directly on stage when you study drama. Except Xiao Sheng and Xiao Dan, other roles in the play can be played, especially the clown and the shopkeeper.
At that time, Huang not only performed in Bentun, but also performed in Bagui, Garden, Bantu, Lingtun, Xiaolan and Nongdu in Lucheng Township. Huang cong 1962 returned to his hometown and went to 1973, where he successively served as village party secretary and party branch secretary. Organize and participate in the rehearsal and performance activities of the troupe.
At the beginning of reform and opening up, Huang personally set up a new troupe and began to spread art. He can teach literary dramas, martial arts dramas and musical instruments, and draw costumes and props. He has been to Bamu, Yang Gong, Xiaolan, Lingtun and other places in his hometown to preach, and has been to Yunnan for two consecutive years, each time for half a year.
Because of the late study time, Huang Fang's acoustic study was intermittent, so many skills of his ancestors and parents were not learned. My father has more than 65,438+000 manuscripts kept by his grandparents. Because of the fire at home, all these manuscripts were burned. Later, dozens of plays written by my father were given to my peers, so all the plays he rehearsed were transplanted from storybooks, including Tian, Kannonji Huimu, Women Selling Men, A Flower, Three Wives and Two Scholars, and Three Nights of Pearl.
Not only that, Huang also wrote Flowers Picking Song, spend december Song, Sisters Song, Peony Flower Song, New Year Song, Toast Song, Happy Song, Music Song and so on. From the traditional 9 songs to 36 songs. Make the music of Beilu Zhuang drama more abundant, with literary board, martial arts, music and sadness. Strengthened the stage atmosphere and artistic appeal.
Although Huang studied drama late, he did not encounter much difficulty in the process of drama teaching. Moreover, it can inherit and continuously carry forward the national culture and art, and was awarded the honorary banner of "Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom" by Lingtun Amateur Troupe. Its skills were recognized by the masses and it was awarded the title of "Master and Apprentice" by the ninth generation artists.
Ke Kejian, the "new teacher", is a native of one hundred villages in Lizhou Township. He likes Zhuang opera since he was a child. At the age of 8, he learned to play gourd and beard with his father, accompanied him on stage at the age of 9, learned to perform at the age of 65,438+00, and worshipped Huang Fuxiang as a teacher at the age of 65,438+02.
1953 to 1954, Huang Fuxiang was invited to tianlin county Cultural Center to teach opera and rehearse "Hundred Birds' Clothing". Guan Kejian went to junior high school and often came to learn drama at night. 1963, Huang Fuxiang was hospitalized in Baise regional hospital due to illness, and Guan Kejian visited him many times. Huang Fuxiang was deeply grateful and gave him 36 plays. Among them are "Taiping Spring" and "Taifu", which was a flat-tone singing department compiled by Kangxi.
In order to inherit the artistic heritage of Hokuriku Zhuang Opera, he not only learned from Huang Fuxiang, but also went to tianlin county's Jiuzhou, Bagui, Ba Du, Ding 'an, Bantao and other places at his own expense. Troupes such as Shali, Zhelang in Daolonglin County and Nalao in Xilin County visited old artists, learned a lot about drama and performing arts, mastered the inheritance history of artists in past dynasties, and provided reliable materials for studying the origin of Beilu Zhuang drama.
Due to his artistic achievements, He Kejian was absorbed as an actor and musician by Youjiang Zhuang Troupe in 1960. Knowing this, Huang Fuxiang, considering that there was no heir, asked Zhuang Opera to return to his hometown to teach Zhuang Opera. Therefore, Guan Kejian did not hesitate to bid farewell to Youjiang Zhuang Troupe and returned to Tianlin to concentrate on acting and teaching drama.
Guan Kejian devoted himself to the research and development of a large number of Zhuang opera music. There are only nine vocals in Hokuriku Zhuang Opera. That is, cutting, dressing, correcting mistakes, killing chickens, predicting teeth, eight immortals, rising to the church, shouting boards, angry boards, etc. And the tune is relatively simple. On this basis, Guan Kejian made some innovations, adding the original singing method of the positive tune to the positive tune connecting board, the positive tune middle board, the positive tune inverted board, the positive tune high board and the positive tune adagio.
In the aspect of interlude music, Guan Kejian has created "Night Touch Tune" and "The Second Scene", namely "Cold Tune". Changed the habit of relying on behind-the-scenes lyrics, greatly improved the quality of the script and promoted the stage art.
Over the years, Bi Kejian has written and adapted more than 30 plays, such as Mussel Girl, Tian Zijing, Double Nail, Love Garden and Bai Meilian, which has made positive contributions to the inheritance and development of Beilu Zhuang Opera.
For decades, in order to pass on the Zhuang opera in Hokuriku, Guan Kejian went through all kinds of hardships and worked hard for many years to spread the Zhuang opera to the countryside. For Tian Lin's love for goodness and Patek Philippe; Tang Xing and Wang Xun in Baise; Yunnan provincial president; There are 33 troupes in Yangba and other three provinces in Guizhou Province.
The banner presented by Yunnan Changshe Troupe reads:
Fragrant flowers are in Guangxi, first in Yunnan.
The inscription of the banner presented by Zhongba in Guizhou Province is:
Art sea cultivation, peach and plum fragrance.
In his later years, Guan Kejian was still active on the stage of rural literature and art. He said that he would dedicate the waste heat to the art of Zhuang drama, so as to make this national literary mountain flower more colorful.
In a word, Zhuang opera artists have made outstanding contributions to the development of Zhuang opera with their intelligence, occupying an important position in the history of China drama and being remembered by the masses forever.