Huxian county involved in Historical Records can be roughly divided into two categories: one involves introducing mountains, rivers and cities; The first is about historical events. From these fragmentary languages, we can probably outline the geographical evolution of Huxian county in the pre-Qin period:
Huxian county was called Hu and Kun in ancient times ("Xun bian" says: Hu, Hu and Kun are three words, one also). Located at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, in the hinterland of Guanzhong, there are geomantic omen in the east, Weihe River in the north and Waterlogged River in the west. Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties are the capitals here. (See Historical Records Xia Benji)
Before the summer, Huxian County was called Shu State, belonging to the family of Youhu (Youhu, surname). Tracing the Origin of Hundred Surnames holds that Hu's surname originated here. "Geography of Hanshu" records: "Yi, an ancient country, has a lake and valley pavilion. Hu, ask for it. The pool water comes out of the southeast, and there is labor water. They all go north to Shanglinyuan and enter the Weihe River. There is also Fuyang Palace and Qin Wen Wang Qi. " Yan is geographically located at the border of Yongzhou. According to Gong Yu, Shangshu, the world is divided into Kyushu, and the Weishui River Basin belongs to Yongzhou, with yellowish soil and the highest fertility in the world.
In addition, there are still some areas in Huxian that worship the country. Guo Chong is a very old country. Justice explained that "Guo Chong was sealed by (Yu's father), and all the countries of Yu (Shun), Xia, Shang and Zhou were covered by wealth." At the end of Shang Dynasty, the monarch who worshiped the country was Chonghou Hu. Qishan, Feng Ming, with the rise of food accumulation, Guo Chong has been playing the role of blocking food accumulation. Zhou Wenwang Ji Chang captured Guo Chong one year before his death and moved the capital from Qixia to Fengfeng. This story is recorded in Historical Records, which will be described in detail below. (See Historical Records of Zhou Benji)
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, with Haojing, the capital, as the center, a large area of land was drawn along the lower reaches of the Weihe River and the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which was called "J: and" and was directly ruled by Wang. Huxian county belongs to the land of Wang Ji.
During the Qin dynasty, the county system replaced the enfeoffment system, and the surrounding area of Xianyang, the capital, belonged to the civil history county, also known as Qin history. Huxian county belongs to the historical county of civil affairs. The Han Dynasty attacked the Qin system, but divided the internal history of Qin into Jing Zhaoyin, Zuo Fengyi and You Fufeng. Huxian County belongs to Youfu Peak, and Shanglinyuan (the land of Royal Hunt) is in its territory. (See Geography of Hanshu)
A "Historical Records" related to Huxian county in geography mainly includes:
1. Feng River and Lao River:
Historical Records Xia Benji: Jing genus. Lacquer, Jucong, and Feng Shui are the same. "Suoyin" explained: "Feng Shui goes out of the south of the county." "Feng Shui has the southeast of Fufeng County and the Shanglinyuan in the north." Meaning: Jing, Qi, Ju and Feng all flow into the Weihe River.
"Historical Records Zen": hegemony, production, long water, abundance, waterlogging, Jing and Wei are not great rivers, close to Xianyang, and win mountains and rivers.
Justice explains: "Feng Shui Institute is located in Gu Feng, southwest of Chang 'an County, Yongzhou. "
"Ji Jie" explained: "Waterlogging, sound tired. The name of water is in the county boundary of Xiongnu.
"Broad ambition" says: "The end of Nanshan in Yanzhou County, Yongzhou is full of water."
It means: Bahe River, Chanhe River, Changshui River, Fenghe River, Laohe River, Jinghe River and Weihe River are not big rivers, but because they are close to Xianyang, they enjoy the sacrifices of famous mountains and rivers.
Historical Records Biography of Sima Xiangru: Zuo Cangwu, right west pole, south to fresh water, north to resources; Finally began to dominate, in and out of Jingwei; What a shame.
Interpretation of "Suoyin": Feng Hao, Feng Hao. Zhang Yue said, "The abundant water rises from the abundant valley in Nanshan and flows into Weishui in the north. He is in Chibei, Kunming. " Guo Puyun said: "When carrying water, more water will flow down."
Sima Xiangru's Shang Fu Lin said: The rest of the Party is a snake, and management is in it. Swinging around, the eight rivers are diverted, facing each other but different. "Eight rivers divide into streams", that is, Jing, Wei, Ba, production, abundance, pickaxe, waterlogging and drowning. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying that "eight waters surrounded Chang 'an".
2. tanning and pickaxe
Historical Records Zhou Benji: Next year, Hou Hu will attack. Build a rich city.
"Feng is in the east of Jingzhao County, and there is a mourning platform. There is a pickaxe pond in the north of Kunming, which goes up to the forest. Go to Feng 25 Li. Are dozens of miles south of Chang 'an. "
Justice explains: "Zhou Feng Palace and Zhou Wenwang Palace are located 35 miles east of Yongxian County. The pickaxe is thirty-two miles southwest of Yongzhou. "
Jichang, Fagan, Linfeng as their capital. Later, King Wu moved the capital to pickaxe. Feng Shui is called Tanjing in the west, Haojing in the east and "Tang Ao's Second Beijing" in history. Tan, Feng and Feng are all one word. Personally, I prefer to use the word "Tan". In Shuo Wen Jie Zi, it is explained that the left ear represents the earth mountain and the right ear represents the city. Therefore, in Chinese, the names of cities such as Du, Ye and Ying are near the right ear; Ling and Long are both near the left ear. Therefore, "wind" and "wind" are easily confused with Feng Shui, and it is more reasonable to use the word "Tan". Historical Records of Duke Zhou's Family: On February 7th, he became king, and the dynasty entered the Fengchao from the Zhou Dynasty. If he took the matter to court, it would be a big deal, so he told Wang Wen and Wu Wang Temple.
"Notes" explained: Zhou, also. Feng, the seat of the temple.
"Suoyin" explains: Feng is in the east of Yan County, near Feng Shui, and travels 25 miles eastward.
It can be seen that Ji Chang, King of Wu, moved the capital from Tan to Gao, but still built a shrine in Tan. The content of this passage is that the Zhou dynasty decided to establish the Zhou dynasty near Luoyang today, which is a national event, so it went from Haojiang to Tan to offer sacrifices to comfort King Wen.
Historical Records of Chu Family: King Kang had a court in Fenggong.
The Notes explained that Feng Gong is also the site of the Wang Cheng Temple.
According to historical records, Zhou Chengwang built a pool between the central axis (now east of Huxian County) and a mourning platform, where Zhou Kangwang met with governors of various countries. The specific location of Lingtai is in Lingzhao Township, Chang 'an District. There is Lingnuma River (now the river has dried up), willow trees on the banks of the river form forests, catkins are all over the sky in spring, and the river is covered with snow. Therefore, in ancient times, the eight scenic spots in Shu County were said to be "flying in the spirit marsh".
In addition, in Historical Records Duke of Lu, it is recorded that "Duke of Zhou is rich and ill will die". It can be seen that although he is no longer in the capital, the Duke of Zhou lived here, and the temples of Wang Wen and Wang Cheng were also here, which still played a very important role in the political life of the Zhou Dynasty.
There are three major historical events involving Huxian in the two Historical Records:
1. The Battle between Xia Qi and the Tiger.
Historical Records Xia Benji: Emperor Xia Qi, son of Yu, daughter of his mother Tu Shanshi. If the Hu family refuses to accept it, they will cut it and fight for it.
"Suoyin" explains: Nanzhu County in Yongzhou is also the rule of this summer. Geographical knowledge: Yunxian, an ancient lake country, has pavilions.
Notes explains: Gan, there is a place name in the southern suburbs of Hunan.
The whole story is: Qi, Yu's son, is a wise man, and everyone in the world thinks he is the right person to succeed Yu, but Yu abdicated to make profits. After Yu's death, due to Yi's junior qualifications, the governors left Yi's leadership and turned to Kai. They said, "Yu's son is our monarch." So Qi ascended the throne of the son of heaven and established the Xia Dynasty.
However, the Hu family refused to accept it, thinking that it had destroyed the abdication system and declared independence, and attacked the Hu family from the beginning. The two sides fought fiercely in a place called Gan. Before going to war, Qi called his generals and said, "Generals, I tell you, there are atrocities that go against the sky and the right path, and God will destroy them. Today we will do justice for heaven. The three armed forces perform their respective duties. Those who obey orders are rewarded, and those who violate orders are beheaded in front of the ancestral temple. In the end, Qi defeated the Hu family and settled the world. The father-son tradition has also replaced the abdication system.
There are many explanations about the location of the fierce fighting between the two sides. Most experts believe that it is in the area of Ganting Town, Jinhu County. "Suoyin" explains: Xia Qi cut, and there is a Ganting in the south. Some experts believe that in Ganyi (now Luoyang South). Some experts believe that it is in Ganhe Township, Jinhu County. In ancient times, there was a small pocket country in Gansu, and the largest river in the country was the dry river. The book Tracing the Origin of Hundreds of Surnames holds that Gan's surname originated in Ganhe Township, because this is the land of ancient Gansu.
"Gan" should be in Huxian county, but the specific location is difficult to verify, and both Ganting and Ganhe are possible. The capital of Xia is Anyi (now Xia County, Shanxi Province), so the best route to attack Hu's family should be to cross the Yellow River and go south from Weinan. The geographical location of Ganyi is in the middle of Henan, which is obviously unreasonable. In addition, according to Records of the Historian, it was "cutting Qi", and Qi took the initiative to cut Hu. In addition, Hu is only a vassal state, and its strength is not strong, so it is impossible to take the initiative to attack Qi. So the location of the battle should be near Qi.
After Ji Li died, Wang Wen succeeded to the throne.
"Historical Records of Zhou Benji": The ancient public pawn, calendar, is the public season. In the public season, the ancient duke inherited the road, and the princes followed. Gong Ji died, and Zi Changli did it for Xibo.
This story involves many kings before the Zhou Dynasty. Gu Gong, the father of Gu (Dan), was an important king in the early Zhou Dynasty. When Gu's father was in power, Zhou became very powerful, but soon he was attacked by Rong Di (a barbarian) and was robbed of his property. Gu's father gave them property. However, Rong Di was not satisfied, and continued to invade in an attempt to occupy Zhou's land and people. Zhou's subjects were indignant and determined to resist. But Gu's father said, "The people chose the monarch and let him bring them stability and peace. Today, Emperor Rong attacked us in order to occupy land and people. No matter who is the monarch, the people will choose who can bring them stability and peace. Now you want me to attack Jundi, slaughter Jundi people and be their monarch. I really can't bear to do this. " Therefore, Gu's father led his subjects to Qixia (the fief of Zhou ancestors was originally in Tai, now southwest of Wugong County) after painting water and winding water. Because of this great migration, they came to Qixia. Today, in Fufeng County in the northwest, the name of the country was changed to Zhou. As an old saying goes, a big step today is a big step for tomorrow. The surrounding tribes knew that Gu's father was so kind, and many tribes joined Zhou.
Gu's father has three sons: the eldest son is Taibo, the second is Yu Zhong and the third is Yu Zhong. Ji Li's son Ji Chang is a saint. Gu Gongqi said: "The prosperity of our people depends entirely on Jichang!" Taibo and Yuzhong knew that Gu's father mainly passed on his position to Ji Chang as king in the future, so they went to wuyue. (Ha ha, this is similar to the statement that some historians think that Kangxi took a fancy to Qianlong and passed it on to Yongzheng. Taibo and Yuzhong fled to wuyue, and their tattoos were broken. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the barbarians in wuyue thought they were descendants of Taibo and Yuzhong, and Zhou's sideline business also had his own share in the Central Plains, and used this as an excuse to attack the Central Plains. )
After Ji Li's death, Ji Chang acceded to the throne and was called Xibohou. After Ji Li's death, the history books recorded "Nanshan burial in Guixian County", which is Beitou Village in the western suburb of Huxian County today, and there is a heaped-up mountain dozens of meters high next to Beihu Lake, which is the "King Mountain".
3. King Wen beheaded the tiger and worshipped Hou.
Historical Records Zhou Benji: Next year, Hou Hu will attack. While building a rich city, immigrants are rich.
During the reign of Jichang, a Xibo nationality, he pursued the policy of "ancient public, father and calendar". He is kind, respectful of the elderly, less kind and courteous. Many capable people joined Zhou. Chonghouhu said to Zhou Wang, "Ji Chang is a virtuous man, and many people follow him. I am afraid that it will be bad for the king in the future. " So Zhou Wang imprisoned Xibo. In addition, Guo Chong was a relatively large vassal state at that time. In the southeast of Zhou, it was loyal to business and became an obstacle to Zhou's expansion, so Zhou and Zhou forged a deep hatred. Later, Zhou gave beauty and land, so that Ji Chang saved his life and returned to Qikou.
At that time, the people of Zhou were kind. "The tiller lets him walk, and the folk custom makes him grow", which is highly respected by the world. Even the princes said, "Maybe Xibo is the real king." At this time, Zhou began to expand and destroyed several countries in a row. One year before he died, Ji Chang finally put out the tiger who worshipped Hou, and got revenge for an arrow. Feng shui was built on the west bank, so we simply moved the capital here as the base camp for expansion.
This period of history is also recorded in the Book of Songs: "Reduce the sacrifices and make a city rich".
The name of Lingxian County has been used since Qin and Han Dynasties. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the simplification of Chinese characters, it was renamed "Huxian County". Two years ago, rumors of Huxian withdrawing from the county to change the district were raging. Some people say that it is called "Caotang District", some people say "Xihu District" and some people say "residential area". I think, no matter what the name is, the word "Hu" is indispensable, because its words bear the history of this land, including the love and hate of people who have died in this land. "Hu" exists, and its history exists; "Hu" exists, and history is dead! Hu is a native of Huxian County, Shaanxi Province. There was a kingdom of Hu in Xia Dynasty, which was located in North Erli, Jinhu County. "Zuo Zhao Zhuan Gong Nian": "Zhao Meng said: There is a view in summer." Here it is. As for Hu, Shuowen said: "Hu was given the same surname and fought against Gan. From the city, the voice of every household. " Originally an ancient name, Xia Houshi belongs to this country. Erya Shishan: "Humble and big, domineering." Guo Pu's note: "Hu, wide appearance." "Star Ice Book": "The mountain is humble, the people are vast, and it is famous all over the world." At that time, people thought that the settlement was located at the foot of the mountain, so they took "Hu" as the place name of the settlement. As for Hu's surname, "Tongzhi Imperial Clan II" says: "Hu's surname, you's surname, all the generals will die in the summer ... and the descendants will take the country as their surname." After the demise of Hu Guo, his grandson took the country as his surname, and Hu Sui took the country as his surname. Qin is located near the North Korean Village in this county. The Western Han Dynasty changed its location to Lingxian County, which is located 2 miles north of Huxian County. In the tenth year of the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (6 14), the county moved here. 1964, in order to avoid uncommon words, Ming County was renamed Huxian County. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shoujie only quoted the cloud in Xun Bian: "Hu, Hu and Hu are the same, but the ancient and modern characters are different."