Cheng (1912 10 2002 10 7 -2002 10 210) Academician of China Academy of Sciences, geologist, metamorphic rock scientist, deposit scientist, former.
1933 graduated from Tsinghua University. 1938 received a doctorate from the University of Liverpool, UK. 1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 65438+ died on February 2, 2002/kloc-0. He used to be honorary president of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, researcher, vice minister of Geology Department, chairman of geological society of china, chief engineer of Geology and Mineral Resources Department, and honorary member of Geological Society of London. 65438+ died on February 2, 2002/kloc-0.
Mainly engaged in metamorphic rocks and Precambrian geological research. The deep melting of metamorphic rocks has achieved groundbreaking results.
Chinese name: Cheng.
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Jiashan, Zhejiang
Date of birth:1912101October 7th.
Date of death: 65438+200212 October.
Occupation: educational and scientific research worker
Graduate School: University of Liverpool, UK
Main achievements: 1982 won the first prize of National Natural Science Award.
1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Progressive metamorphic belt was discovered in Danba, western Sichuan, and rich phosphate rock was discovered in Kunming (1939).
The concept of iron ore metallogenic series is put forward.
The viewpoint of migmatite series and migmatization mineralization is put forward.
Masterpiece: Some basic problems and working methods of metamorphic rocks.
The life of the character
19 12 10 was born in Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province. When Cheng was young, his family economy was still self-sufficient, and his father was a scholar and a tribute student in the late Qing Dynasty. When I was in Grade One and Grade Two, my family could not make ends meet. He knows that learning opportunities are hard-won, and encourages himself to study hard to get excellent academic results.
1923 After studying in Jiaxing Provincial No.2 Middle School, English teacher Xu Juemin taught him to describe the names of seaports, cities and oceans and the scenery along the way from Shanghai to London in English.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/929, he was admitted to the Department of Geography of Tsinghua University (later changed to the Department of Geography).
1929- 1933, studied in the geography department of Tsinghua University, and graduated with a bachelor of science degree.
1933- 1935, researcher, Geological Survey Institute, Ministry of Industry and Commerce.
1935 passed the Chinese-English Geng examination and went to study in Britain at public expense, majoring in metamorphic petrology at the University of Liverpool.
1938 received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Liverpool, and then returned to China.
1938- 1949, in the Central Geological Survey of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, as a technician and technical director, and concurrently as the director of the mineral and rock research office and the economic geological research office.
1944- 1946 visited the United States, Canada and Mexico as a special member of the Resources Committee of the Ministry of Economic Affairs.
From 65438 to 0949, the regional geology of Kunming phosphate mine in Yunnan, Xikang placer gold mine (now western Sichuan), Kangding iron mine in Ya 'an, coal mine and Danba area, Taoyuan gold mine in Yuanling, Hunan and late Precambrian strata, oil seedlings and regional geological minerals in the southern and northern slopes of West Tianshan Oilfield (Dushanzi) in Xinjiang, and Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic rocks near Nanjing were investigated and studied successively.
1950, deputy director of the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (to 1953), and deputy director of the Economic and Geological Department of the General Administration of Mineral Exploration, China Geological Work Plan Steering Committee. 195 1 year also served as the team leader of the south-eastern geological and mineral brigade.
1952, concurrently captain of 429 iron ore exploration team in Daye, Hubei.
1952- 1956, Deputy Director, Department of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Geology.
1955 was elected as a member of the Department of Biogeology, China Academy of Sciences.
1956, as the chief engineer of the technical department of the Ministry of Geology.
65438-0957 Director of Metamorphic Rock and Precambrian Geology Research Office, Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Geology.
1977, Vice President of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.
1979, Vice Minister of Geology, elected as Deputy Director of National Stratigraphic Committee.
65438-0980 Member of National Natural Science Award Committee, Director of China National Committee of IGCP.
From 65438 to 0982, he served as chief engineer of the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources and director of the Science and Technology Advisory Committee, and was elected as an honorary member of the Geological Society of London, England.
From 65438 to 0983, he served as the executive chairman of the China Committee of the International Lithospheric Commission (ICL) and was elected as the standing member of the Sixth China People's Political Consultative Conference.
From 65438 to 0995, Cheng served as the general consultant of the Geological Survey Bureau of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, and also served as the editor-in-chief of the English version of A Concise Introduction to Regional Geology in China (published in 2000).
1996, senior consultant of science and technology of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources and consultant of leading group of science and technology.
65438-0997 Attended the International Scientific Seminar on Site Selection of Continental Scientific Drilling in Qingdao. He also went to Pingshan, Hebei Province, Donghai, Dabie Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Hengshan Mountain and other places to study Precambrian geology, and went to Changchun to participate in the high temperature and high pressure experimental study of Fuping Group rocks.
65438-0998, Senior Academician of China Academy of Sciences, Honorary Dean of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.
1999, chairman of the scientific and technological advisory Committee of continental scientific drilling engineering of the Ministry of Land and Resources.
65438+200210.2, died in Beijing.
Major achievements
achievements in scientific research
As one of the pioneers of modern geological science in China, Cheng has published more than 65,438+000 works and many professional reports in China. He has made important contributions to mineral geology and metallogeny, metamorphic rocks and mixed research, planning and management of Precambrian geology and geological science and technology, and academic exchanges with foreign countries. Cheng has long held leadership positions in science and technology, administration and society, participated in the decision-making of some major scientific and technological issues of the state and government departments, organized and led academic conferences at home and abroad, and played an effective leading and guiding role in the field of science and technology.
Mainly engaged in metamorphic rocks and Precambrian geological research. Progressive metamorphic belt was found in Danba, western Sichuan, and phosphate-rich ore was found in Kunming (1939). During the long-term iron ore research and exploration, China put forward the concept of iron ore metallogenic series. The viewpoint of migmatite series and migmatization mineralization is put forward, and the characteristics of metamorphic rock series and rock belts in different periods in China are expounded, thus promoting the development of metamorphic geology. The deep melting of metamorphic rocks has achieved groundbreaking results.
From 65438 to 0939, after returning to China, Cheng Liuying engaged in geological and mineral exploration in Kunming, Yunnan. With the cooperation of analyst Huang, a famous phosphate-rich mine was discovered in Kunming, Yunnan. This is the first discovery of sedimentary phosphorite in China, which has played a breakthrough role in finding phosphorite deposits in China. 1950- 195 1 submitted the detailed geological report of Anshan gongchangling iron mine, expounded the geological characteristics and genesis of the largest known iron-rich deposit in China's ancient metamorphic rock series, and pointed out the favorable areas for expanding the rich ore. The metamorphic iron-bearing formation sequence determined by him in the mining area has been used to this day. Later, the types of iron ore in China were summarized many times, and the prospecting direction was pointed out, which promoted the exploration and scientific research of iron ore in China and contributed to the discovery or expansion of some iron ore. In the mid-1970s, considering the unity of metallogenic geological background, the difference of specific metallogenic conditions and the whole process of regional mineralization, he put forward the concepts of iron ore type group and iron ore metallogenic series. Later, he extended this viewpoint to all types of minerals and deposits, and published two papers with his colleagues, namely, Preliminary Discussion on Metallogenic Series of Deposits (1979) and Re-discussion on Metallogenic Series of Deposits (1982, 1983). Metallogenic series refers to two or more types of ore deposits that are mainly formed in the same metallogenic period and have internal relations in a certain geological unit, and the types contained have spatial or temporal correlation and symbiotic characteristics. This concept has been applied by many mineral deposit workers in China, which has played an important role in summarizing the metallogenic regularity in China and guiding the prediction of related minerals.
His work in this field began with his research on the "injection complex" in Betty Hill, Scotland, while studying in the UK. He published two papers, one is amphibole complex in the mixed rock area in northern Surland, Scotland (1942), and the other is mixed rock area near Deichl, Surland (1944). This is the first time that the Finnish term "migmatite" has been used in English literature, and its meaning has been supplemented. He gave a systematic petrological description of metamorphic rocks and their migmatites of six original rock types, systematically analyzed the changes and evolution of elements and minerals in the mixing process, and divided the whole process into two stages: "the end of magma" and "hydrothermal stage", which enriched the mixing theory. Among them, argillaceous and semi-argillaceous rock samples were collected within several meters, 70 meters and 350 meters along the strike of primary bedding, which fully proved that the argument that migmatite was formed by alkali metasomatism of primary rock attracted international attention at that time. 1943 published the paper "Progressive regional metamorphic belt near Xikangdanba", which reported the well-developed regional metamorphic belt in China for the first time and provided an example of the concept of "isochemical system" in the study of metamorphic belt. In 1950s and 1960s, it was proposed that migmatization migration and metasomatism formed rich iron ore and boron ore.
1962 co-authored the book Some Basic Problems and Working Methods of Metamorphic Rocks with Shen, Wang Zejiu, put forward a more systematic and comprehensive classification and naming principle and scheme of regional metamorphic rocks and migmatization, discussed the theoretical analysis and microscopic characteristics of migmatization, analyzed the metallogenic characteristics and prospecting direction of metamorphic rock series distribution area, and put forward the viewpoint of regional metamorphism and contact metamorphism. The relationship between the former and migmatization is demonstrated, and the field work method of metamorphic geology is expounded in detail. This book has been printed for three years and three times, and has been widely circulated in China, which has played a significant role in improving the working ability and theoretical level of geologists in metamorphic rock areas in China in the 1960 s and 1970 s and promoting and improving the research degree of metamorphic rock distribution areas. 1965, the concept of "migmatization series" was put forward, and then the geological backgrounds of different types of migmatization were classified. These problems are further comprehensively discussed in 1987' s Some Problems about Migmatization-A Review of Some Basic Problems in Half a Century, and 1982' s 1986' s "On Metamorphic Rock Series, Metamorphic Zones and Some Related Problems in China in Different Metamorphic Periods". In the volume 18 of Geology of China published in Britain, the distribution characteristics and evolution laws of metamorphic rock series and metamorphic belts in different metamorphic periods in China are systematically summarized and discussed for the first time, and a new viewpoint of multi-stage metamorphism in the same period is put forward. Based on the geological study of the deep melting of the main metamorphic rocks of the Neoarchean Fuping Group in Pingshan area of Taihang Mountain in the middle and late 1990s, it is pointed out that the mechanism of the early deep melting is mainly the "remelting" of metamorphic minerals, which has been fully clarified by the preliminary experimental results at high temperature and high pressure.
In terms of Precambrian geological research, Cheng not only did related work of different natures in western Hunan, western Sichuan, Liaodong Peninsula and Xiaoqinling, Shaanxi, but also led and participated in the detailed study of Taishan Group in Yanlingguan area, Xintai, Shandong Province in the early 1960s. 1977, together with Shen and Wang zejiu, published the study report on metamorphic rocks of Taishan group in Yanlingguan, Xintai, Shandong province, and the book 1982 study on metamorphic volcanic sedimentary rocks in Yanlingguan, Shandong province, which confirmed that the Taishan group era was Archean. This paper focuses on the internal horizon relationship of Yanlingguan Formation, the sedimentary sequence of metamorphic volcano, the geological environment of lava, tuffaceous rock and sedimentary rock, and some strange phenomena of pore filling in lava, and establishes a working method of restoring original rock by combining indoor and outdoor, which provides an example for the study of ancient metamorphic rock series. At the same time, it is proposed that Yinshan rock mass in this area basically belongs to semi-in-situ granite rock mass. Since the late 1980s, he has organized and participated in the study of the early Cambrian crustal structure, composition and evolution of the North China Platform. In the late 1950s, he led the comrades in the Precambrian and Metamorphic Rock Research Office of the Institute of Geology of the Ministry of Geology to make a comprehensive and systematic summary of the Precambrian in China for the first time, and published the book Precambrian in China in 1962. Later, he and his colleagues published "Precambrian in North China and Northeast China" in 1972 (English) and 1973 (Chinese). 1982, Bai Jin and Sun Dazhong published the article Lower, Middle and Precambrian in China. 1986, he made a comprehensive and brief summary of the characteristics and magmatism of Archean crustal rocks and Precambrian magmatic rocks in China in the relevant chapters of the above-mentioned book Geology of China. In each summary, he put forward new understanding and new viewpoints on some important problems of Precambrian geology in China, thus constantly promoting the development of Precambrian geological research and prospecting in China.
As an important leader and organizer of China's geological cause, Cheng has always paid attention to summing up historical experience, exploring development laws and predicting evolution trends. Therefore, he also attached great importance to the study of China's geological history.
1. cheng (the first author), Nanjing iron ore geology, with geological special reportsNo. A 13 and 1935 "Iron ore records in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River".
2. Cheng, geological society of china,1942,53 (2): 67 ~ 85.
3. Cheng, China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Sciences, 1942, 1(3~4):5 19~526.
4. Cheng (Yu-Chi) Sutherland District, Themigmatitearea AroundBettyhill, QuartJourGeolSocLondon,1944,99 (3 ~ 4):107 ~154.
5. Precambrian Geology and Metamorphic Rock Laboratory, Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology (edited by Cheng,,), Precambrian in China, Science Press, 1962.
6. Cheng, Shen, Wang Zejiu, Some Basic Problems and Working Methods of Metamorphic Rock, China Industry Press, 1963.
7. Cheng, Zhong Fudao, Su Yongjun, Precasinian System in North China and Northeast China, Journal of Geology,1973,47 (1): 72 ~ 81.
8. Cheng, Pre-Sinian System in North China and Northeast China, Journal of Geology,1973,47 (1): 72 ~ 81.
9. Cheng, Lu Songnian. Main iron ore types in China. Journal of Geology,1978,52 (4): 253 ~ 263.
10. cheng (first author), main iron ore types in China, journal of geology,1978,52: (4), 253 ~ 263.
1 1. Cheng, Chen Yuchuan, Preliminary discussion on metallogenic series of ore deposits, Journal of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1: 32 ~ 58.
12. Cheng (first author), Preliminary study on metallogenic series of ore deposits, Journal of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1979, 1.
13. Cheng (the first author), Some understandings of main iron ore types and regional metallogenic analysis in China, Proceedings of international academic exchanges, Geological Publishing House, 1979, 35 ~ 4 1.
14. Cheng (the first author), Lower Middle Precambrian in China, Stratigraphic Survey in China, 1982, 1 ~ 45.
15. Cheng (the first author), Archean metamorphic volcanic sedimentary rocks in Yanlingguan, Shandong Province, Geological Publishing House, 1982.
16. Cheng (first author), Re-discussion on metallogenic series of ore deposits, Journal of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1983,6:1~ 64.
17. cheng, some problems about mimetic rocks and their interaction-a review of some basic understandings in the past half century, Journal of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1987, 16: 5 ~ 19.
18. Cheng (editor),1:50,000 geological map of China (with explanation), Geological Publishing House, 1990.
19. cheng (editor), introduction to regional geology in China, including chapter 8 "metamorphic rock series, metamorphic belt and metamorphic evolution in China" and "conclusion", Geological Publishing House, 1994.
20. Cheng, Gao Jifeng, Wan Yusheng, Preliminary study on the deep melting characteristics of some major metamorphic rocks in the late Archean Fuping Group in Pingshan, Hebei Province, Proceedings of Geological Science Research, China Economic Publishing House, 1996: 273 ~ 284.
2 1. Cheng Yuqi, Gao Jifeng, Wan Yusheng, Study on the Rock Types of the Late Paleozoic Fuping Group in the Northwest of Pingshan, Hebei Province, China, in: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Conference, Pt 1997, Ⅱ, 137~ 185, @VSP.
22. Preliminary melting experiments of Fuping Group Cheng, Gao Jifeng and Wan Yusheng in Pingshan, Hebei Province and their enlightenment, China Geology,1998,3:18 ~ 22.
23. Cheng, Wan Yusheng, Gao Jifeng. A preliminary report on the age of metamorphism and anatexis of Fuping Group in Xiaojuezhen area, Pingshan, Hebei Province. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2000,74 (1): 30 ~ 38.
24. Cheng,, Wan Yusheng, Gao Jifeng,, Some petrographic characteristics of anatexic transformation revealed by metamorphism of Neoarchean Fuping Group in Xiaojue Town, Pingshan, Hebei Province, China Geology, 2000, 12: 14 ~ 16.
25. Cheng (editor), Concise Regional Geology of China (English version), Geological Publishing House, 2000.
26. SHRIMP analysis of Cheng, Liu Dunyi, Iswilliam, Jianping, Zhuang, Gaotianshan, Bixiling and Dabie Mountains —— Isotopic geochronological evidence of high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure metamorphism in Jinning period, Journal of Geology, 2000,74 (3):193 ~ 205.
27.ChengY.Q，LiuD.Y，WilliamsI。 Journal of China Geo University, 2000,74 (4): 748 ~ 765.
28. Cheng, Wan Yusheng, Gao Jifeng, Petrographic Characteristics of Deep Melting of Three Rocks in Fuping Rock Group in Xiaojue Town, Pingshan, Hebei Province, Geological Review, 200 1, 47 (1): 1 ~ 8.
The gradual regional metamorphic belt near Xikangdanba, some basic problems and working methods of metamorphic rocks, metamorphic rock series and metamorphic belts in China, and metamorphic volcanic sedimentary rocks in Yanlingguan, Shandong, etc.
Participated in editing Contemporary Geological Undertakings of China and Historical Review of the Former Geological Survey (1916-1950)-historical review and major contributions.
Honor recognition
Cheng won the geological society of china Zhao Yaceng Memorial Award1946;
The book Some Basic Problems and Working Methods of Metamorphic Rock edited by him was awarded by 1978 National Science Conference.
The1∶ 30,000 Precambrian geological map of China compiled by him is a part of the first prize of the National Natural Science Award 1982 Geological Map of China and Geological Map of Asia.
China Iron Mine is a part of the second prize of 1996 National Science and Technology Progress Award.
1995 won the first Li Siguang Special Prize for Science,
1998 won the He Liang Heli Science and Technology Progress Award and other ministerial awards.
1982 was elected honorary member of Geological Society of London, England.
1988 received an honorary doctor of science degree from the University of Liverpool, UK.
1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Personality assessment
Cheng is an outstanding scientist and a popular science and technology management worker. He is strict with himself, tolerant of others, and good at uniting comrades with different opinions to work together; He respects practice, dares to explore, is good at learning, insists on integrating theory with practice, and insists on combining scientific research with production and indoor and outdoor work; He is never picky about his work, and always adheres to the patriotism of doing whatever the country needs. After he returned to England, he accepted the task of investigating placer gold mines and other mineral exploration in western Sichuan according to the needs at that time, and worked under extremely difficult conditions for nearly a year. In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, he went to Xinjiang to engage in petroleum geological survey.
After the liberation of the whole country, he obeyed the needs of his work and happily left his scientific research post, engaging in the leadership of mineral exploration and geological science and technology management for a long time. However, his understanding of obeying the needs of work is not limited to simply doing things according to the requirements of assigning tasks, but taking a more positive attitude, making full use of the opportunities and conditions of work and obtaining more other geological achievements. For example, metamorphic volcanic rocks were also found in the general survey of placer gold, iron ore and oil in the 1930s and 1940s. In the process of management, wherever we go, we will try our best to observe local geological phenomena while completing the main tasks, and personally identify rock slices for the majority of grassroots geological teams to discuss geological problems. He also constantly squeezed time for some special topics and comprehensive research, and some of his academic achievements were obtained under such circumstances. Therefore, his schedule is always full, and if he doesn't have enough time, he will take up eight hours, even on holidays. "Work first" has been his motto.