Liu Bang was born in Pei County, surabaya county (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province) and was a farmer. I have been open-minded and ambitious since I was a child. He used to be the director of Qinsi Shuige (a small official who managed Shili place). On one occasion, he was ordered to escort a group of civilian workers to serve in Lishan, and many people escaped halfway. Seeing that he couldn't find a job, he simply let all the migrant workers go. He and a dozen people who volunteered to follow him fled into Mangdang Mountain, gathered more than 100 people, and secretly contacted Xiao He, a government document in Peixian County, and Cao Can, a prison official.
In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), after the uprising in Chen Sheng and Guangwu, osawa, Liu Bang gathered hundreds of people including Xiao He, Cao Can and Fan Kuai, killed the county magistrate, rose up and responded, and called Pei Gong. Lead troops to fight between Feng and Pei. After Chen Sheng's death, he once went to Xiang Liang with his team. Later, when Xiang Liang died, Liu Bang and Xiang Liang's nephew Xiang Yu shared their ambition to be leaders, and they continued to fight against Qin and became the main force against Qin.
In the autumn of the third year of Qin Ershi (207 BC), Liu Bang was sent by Chu Huaiwang to March into Guanzhong. He landed in Wancheng, occupied Wuguan, led troops into Xianyang, Qin Sanshi and Zi Ying surrendered, and the Qin Dynasty perished. Liu Bang envied the luxury of Epang Palace and wanted to stay in the palace after entering the city. After being persuaded by counselor Zhang, he woke up and went out of the city to go to Bashang. Liu bang abolished Qin's harsh laws and made three chapters with Guan Zhong: "The murderer dies; Those who hurt are brought to justice; The thief is guilty. " So it won the hearts of the people.
Soon, Xiang Yu, who defeated Qin Jun in Julu, also entered Xianyang and was stationed in Hong Men (now east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province). Xiang Yu followed the advice of his counselor Fan Zeng and decided to kill his opponent Liu Bang. But his uncle Xiang Bo went to tell his old friend Sean. After consulting with Liu Bang, Sean thought that he was no match for Xiang Yu now, and it was the best policy to make amends to Xiang Yu and try to make him come to their senses.
The next day, Liu Bang brought Sean and Fan Kuai. And hundreds of followers confessed their sins to Hong Men. Xiang Yu hosted a banquet. During the dinner, Liu Bang modestly apologized to Xiang Yu, saying that he had no ambition to compete with him for the world. Hearing this, Xiang Yu suddenly changed his mind to kill Liu Bang. Fan Zeng winked at him repeatedly and motioned for him to start work, but he pretended not to see it. Fan Zeng was in a hurry and sent Xiang Zhuang to the table to assassinate Liu Bang in the name of sword-dancing. Xiang Bo saw Xiang Zhuang dancing to Liu Bang slowly, so he got up and danced to protect Liu Bang. Sean excuse to protect liu bang, notify Fan Kuai enter an item in an account. Liu borrowed the toilet, left Xiang Yu's camp with Fan Kuai, and ran back to the army from the path. When Sean was far away from Liu Bang, he gave Xiang Yu a gift saying that Liu Bang was drunk and went back first. Fan Zeng sighed with anger, but he was helpless. In this way, the relationship between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang temporarily eased down.
In the same year1February, Xiang Yu violated Chu Huaiwang's agreement of "first determining the king of Guanzhong", named Liu Bang as Hanwang, took Nanzheng as the capital, and occupied Bashu and Hanzhong; Xiang Yu claimed to be "the overlord of the West Chu" and his capital was Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Only one month after Xiang Yu's enfeoffment, the princes began to merge. Liu Bang took the opportunity to pacify Sanqin, occupied Guanzhong again, and launched a four-year Chu-Han dispute with Xiang Yu.
Liu Bang himself is neither a general nor a brilliant strategy, but he is good at employing people, especially knowing how to give full play to the strengths of his subordinates, and he is "good at asking and listening". He can adopt the correct opinions of his subordinates, sympathize with the people's feelings and care about their sufferings, so he has won the support of the people. Under the planning of Sean, Xiao He and other generals, Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and other generals, Xiang Yu was finally defeated from weak to strong in 202 BC. In February of this year, Liu Bang succeeded to the throne in Surabaya (now Xingyang County, Henan Province) and established the Han Dynasty. At first, he established Luoyang as his capital, and soon moved to Chang 'an, known as the Western Han Dynasty.
During Liu Bang's reign, he eliminated the separatist forces of Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and other princes with different surnames, established many kings with the same surnames, and consolidated centralized rule. Implement the policy of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business and the people; Call on those who fled to Shanze to return home, and those who returned home to restore their titles and Hotan houses; Liberate those who sold themselves into slavery in the war; It also demobilized soldiers and engaged in production. In addition, the local strongmen were moved to Guanzhong to enrich the capital. It also revised the Qin law and formulated nine chapters of the Han law. Fixed algorithms, calendars and weights and measures. These measures have played a certain role in stabilizing people's livelihood and promoting economic development.
After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Xiongnu in Mobei took the opportunity to go south and reoccupy Henan (now Hetao area in Inner Mongolia). In the early years of Han Dynasty, Xiongnu invaded the border counties of Han Dynasty. Before 20 1, Han Wangxin surrendered to the Huns. The following year, Liu Bang personally led an army to conquer and was besieged by the Xiongnu army of 300,000 for seven days and nights in Deng Bai (now northeast of Datong, Shanxi). With Chen Ping's stratagem, E Shi, who committed the crime of modu chanyu, was able to escape. Since then, in view of the fact that the national strength has not been restored, Liu Bang had to adopt a pro-Xiongnu policy to ease the relationship between the two sides.
In BC 196, Liu Bang was wounded by an arrow in the chest while fighting to quell the rebellion in Ying Bu. In March of the following year, the trauma recurred and the condition was critical. He called his ministers into the palace, ordered the slaughter of white horses around, and asked the ministers to take blood as the alliance, vowing that from now on, anyone who is not surnamed Liu Can can't seal the king, and anyone who has no merit can't seal the Hou. Anyone who violates this Covenant can be punished by everyone in the world. Chen Ping was immediately rushed back to Xingyang from Yan Di to help Guan Ying station troops to prevent the vassal states from taking the opportunity of the crisis. Then summoned Lv Hou, make charges. Lv Hou asked him, "Who can replace George W. Guo Xiang?" Liu answered. What happened after Lv Hou asked Cao Can? Liu Bang replied: "Tomb robbing is assisted by Chen Ping. Chen Ping is resourceful, but he can't be independent. Zhou Bo is simple-minded and uneducated. However, he is the only person who can settle the Liu family in the future and can appoint him as Taiwei. " When Lv Hou asked about the funeral, Liu Bang shook his head and said, I'm afraid the funeral is not what you can know. In April of the same year (before 195), Liu Bang died in Chang 'an Changle Palace. After his death, the temple was named Taizu and called Emperor Gao. Historically, it is customary to call him Emperor Gaozu.