Quality control department is an important department in processing enterprises, responsible for product quality control, quality system establishment and operation, production quality supervision and contact with superior quality supervision and inspection bureau. In daily production, the quality control department monitors all aspects of production and operation in factories and workshops. Introduction to Quality Control (QM) of Directory 1
2QC 1 Quality Control (QM) The old seven methods introduced the terminology of enterprise management, which is the abbreviation of "quality management [1]" and "quality management". Refers to the behavior of product quality control, and also refers to quality inspection posts or quality inspection personnel. According to the stages of the production process, quality control is divided into IQC (IQC(Ining Quality Control). IPQC (process quality control) refers to the quality control in the manufacturing process, OQC (factory quality control) and so on.
1.QC is the abbreviation of English QUALITY CONTROL, which means quality control in Chinese. Its definition in ISO8402: 1994 is "operation technology and activities adopted to meet quality requirements". Delivery after product inspection is the most basic requirement of quality management. Quality control is to eliminate the factors that lead to unqualified or unsatisfactory results at all stages of the quality cycle by monitoring the quality formation process. In order to meet the quality requirements and obtain economic benefits, various quality operation technologies and activities are adopted. In the enterprise field, quality control activities are mainly the on-site management of production within the enterprise, which has nothing to do with the existence of contracts. Refers to the control technical measures and management measures taken to achieve and maintain quality. Quality inspection belongs to quality control and is an important activity of quality control. 2. Some organizations that implement ISO9000[2] will set up such departments or posts to be responsible for the quality control functions required by ISO9000 standards. People who do this kind of work are called QC personnel, which are equivalent to product inspectors in general enterprises, including incoming inspectors (IQC), process inspectors (IPQC) and final inspectors (FQC). The most important duty of QC is to monitor finished products (mainly including raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and process audits), with the focus on finding defects through sample inspection. Each enterprise's specific requirements for this position will also be slightly biased. The old seven skills of 2QC are: checklist, analytic hierarchy process, Plato, causality diagram, scatter diagram, histogram and control diagram. The implementation of seven QC technologies [1] shows the advanced level of company management to some extent. The success or failure of these methods will become an important aspect of the company's market upgrade: almost all OEM customers will take the application of quality control statistics technology as an important aspect of the audit, such as TDI and Motorola.
2.2 How? Does FQC control quality?
FQC, it's actually very simple. You know, it is ok to check according to the operation standard book. The key is: be serious.
1. If there is no standard, please ask the engineering department (or technical department) to provide it. Because the product requirements and standards (industry standards) given by customers are in the technical research and development department, they have formulated our company's standards based on these materials, which are called internal control standards.
2. Pay attention to the details of the product when checking. If PQC passes the inspection, you will be very relaxed here. In order to have a good relationship with IPQC, he has done a good job, and you are equally relaxed.
FQC: Final Quality Control, which is the abbreviation of English Final Quality Control. Also known as finished product inspection and verification, finished product quality control is the final inspection of products in the manufacturing process, and the next process is delivery.
FQC operation:
FQC is a comprehensive and final inspection and test of the product's "own" quality after all processes or working procedures are completed, including: appearance inspection (color, luster, roughness, burrs and scratches), measurement of size/aperture, and performance test (physical/chemical characteristics, electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics and operation control of materials), with the aim of ensuring that the product meets the delivery specifications.
FQC inspection defects:
All product defects (serious defects, major defects and minor defects) should be detected at this stage. It is also the last quality control work before product packaging/packing. The disposal of nonconforming products found after FQC depends on the different unqualified conditions. They may return to the previous stage or semi-finished stage of the process for heavy work or repair /OK, and then send them for inspection again, or pass the FQC test again.
In general, the disposal methods of unqualified products that fail to pass FQC are as follows:
(1) Rework or repair nonconforming products;
(2) The quality defects that cannot be reworked or repaired are directly scrapped and included in the production loss cost project;
(3) Degrade the original unqualified products and sell them to customers with lower quality requirements, but they must meet the sales contract or order;
(4) Reuse the available parts.
3.3 How is it done? Does FQC control quality?
FQC, it's actually very simple. You know, it is ok to check according to the operation standard book.
The key is: be serious. 1. If there is no standard, please ask the engineering department (or technical department) to provide it.
Because the product requirements and standards (industry standards) given by customers are in the technical research and development department, they have formulated our company's standards based on these materials, which are called internal control standards. 2. Pay attention to the details of the product when checking.
If PQC passes the inspection, you will be very relaxed here. In order to have a good relationship with IPQC, he has done a good job, and you are equally relaxed.
FQC: Final Quality Control, which is the abbreviation of English Final Quality Control. Also known as finished product inspection and verification, finished product quality control is the final inspection of products in the manufacturing process, and the next process is delivery.
FQC operation: FQC is a comprehensive and final inspection and test of the "self" quality of products after all processes or procedures are completed, including: appearance inspection (color, luster, roughness, burr, scratch or not), size/aperture measurement, performance test (physical/chemical characteristics, electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics and operation control of materials), and inspection of defects for FQC: all defects of products.
It is also the last quality control work before product packaging/packing. The disposal of nonconforming products found after FQC depends on the different unqualified conditions. They may return to the previous stage or semi-finished stage of the process for heavy work or repair /OK, and then send them for inspection again, or pass the FQC test again.
Under normal circumstances, the disposal methods of unqualified products that fail FQC are as follows: (1) Rework or repair unqualified products; (2) The quality defects that cannot be reworked or repaired are directly scrapped and included in the production loss cost project; (3) Degrade the original unqualified products and sell them to customers with lower quality requirements, but they must meet the sales contract or order; (4) Reuse the available parts.
What knowledge should I know as a quality controller?
1. Evolution of quality control National Internal Auditor Training Network 1. Operator control stage: product quality is controlled by the operator alone.
2. Team leader control stage: the team leader is responsible for the product quality control of the whole team. 3. Inspector control stage: set up full-time quality inspectors to be responsible for product quality control.
4. Statistical control stage: Using statistical methods to control product quality is a major breakthrough in quality control technology and creates a new situation of quality control. 5. Total Quality Control (TQC): Quality control in the whole process.
6. Total Quality Management (CWQC): Total quality control and full participation. National internal auditor training network II. Quality inspection method 1, full inspection: an inspection method for all products or materials submitted for inspection without omission.
Suitable for the following situations: ① small batch, simple inspection and low cost; National internal auditor training network ② products must be qualified; (3) If there is a small amount of unqualified products, it may lead to a fatal impact on the products. 2. Sampling inspection: It is a typical statistical inference to extract some individuals from all individuals of a batch of products for inspection and judge whether the whole batch of products is qualified according to the inspection results of the samples.
The National Internal Auditor Training Network ① is suitable for the following situations: a. Destructive tests are needed for product performance inspection; B. The batch is too large to be fully inspected; C. It needs longer inspection time and higher inspection cost; D. promise a certain degree of defective products. Relevant terms in the sampling inspection of the national internal auditor training network ②: a. Inspection lot: the same products are gathered together as the sampling inspection object; Generally speaking, a production batch is an inspection lot.
A production batch can be divided into multiple inspection lots, but an inspection lot cannot contain multiple production batches, and inspection lots cannot be combined at will. B. Batch number: the number of units contained in this batch; National internal auditor training network C. Sampling quantity: the number of products extracted from this batch; D nonconformity judgment number (RE): short for Reject, indicating rejection; E. Qualified judgment number (AC): abbreviation of accept received; Qualified quality level (AQL): short for acceptable quality level.
Generally speaking, it is the acceptable rate of unqualified products. 3. Determination of sampling scheme: The sampling scheme adopted by our factory is designed according to the national standard GB2828 "Sampling Procedure and Sampling Table for Batch Inspection and Counting".
The specific application steps are as follows: ① determine the quality judgment standard of products; ② Selection of inspection level: General inspection levels are divided into I, II and III; The abnormal inspection levels are divided into S- 1, S-2, S-3 and S-4. Under normal circumstances, the second level is generally adopted. (3) Selection of Qualified Quality Level (AQL):AQL is the main basis for selecting sampling scheme, which should be jointly agreed by producers and users.
(4) Determine the sample size code, that is, the number of samples. ⑤ Select the sampling scheme type: such as normal sampling scheme, strict sampling scheme or multiple sampling scheme.
⑥ Look up the table to determine the qualified judgment number (AC) and unqualified judgment number (Re). National internal auditor training network. Inspection operation control 1 and incoming material (goods) inspection (IQC): the primary control points for the factory to prevent unqualified materials from entering the production process.
(Ining quality control) ① Incoming inspection items and methods: a Appearance: generally verified by visual inspection, hand feeling and comparison of samples; National internal auditor training network B size: generally verified by calipers, micrometers and other measuring tools; C characteristics: such as physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics, are generally verified by testing instruments and specific methods. ② Incoming inspection method: A full inspection, B sampling inspection ③ Inspection result processing: A receipt; B. refusal (i.e. return); C chartered reception; D Full inspection (picking out unqualified products for return) E Re-inspection of the National Internal Auditor Training Network after rework ④ Standard basis: technical standards for raw materials and outsourced parts, incoming inspection and test control procedures, physical and chemical inspection rules, etc.
2. Production process inspection (IPQC): generally refers to the quality control of production activities at all stages from material warehousing to finished product warehousing, that is, process quality control. Compared with the quality inspection at this stage, it is called FQC (Final Quality Control).
① The methods of process inspection mainly include: a. Combination of first article self-inspection, mutual inspection and special inspection; B. combining process control with sampling inspection and inspection; C. multi-process centralized inspection; D, testing step by step; E. product inspection after completion; F. combination of sampling and full inspection; ② Process quality control (IPQC): it is a patrol inspection of the production process. A. first article inspection; B. material inspection; C. Patrol inspection: ensure proper patrol inspection time and frequency, and conduct inspection in strict accordance with inspection standards or work instructions.
Including the inspection of product quality, process regulations, machine operation parameters, material placement, identification and environment. D. inspection records shall be truthfully filled in. ③ Process product quality inspection (FQC): it is used to verify the quality of products after completion, so as to determine whether this batch of products can flow into the next process, which belongs to fixed-point inspection or acceptance inspection.
A. Inspection items: appearance, size, physical and chemical characteristics, etc. B. inspection method: sampling inspection is generally adopted; C. unqualified handling; D. recording; ④ Standards: work instructions, process inspection standards, process inspection and test procedures, etc. 3. Final inspection control: that is, finished product delivery inspection.
(Retired Royal Counsel) 4. Feedback and handling of abnormal quality: ① If the National Internal Auditor Training Network can make its own judgment, it will directly notify the operator or workshop to deal with it immediately; (2) If you can't judge, then take the defective sample to the supervisor for confirmation, and then notify to correct or deal with it; (3) should truthfully record the abnormal situation; (4) Confirm the corrective or improvement measures, and track the treatment effect; ⑤ The inspection of semi-finished products and finished products shall be clearly marked, and the relevant departments shall be supervised to store them in isolation. 5. Quality record: provide objective evidence for the completed quality operation activities and results.
Must be accurate, timely, clear, complete and stamped with the inspection seal or signature. More importantly, it is necessary to organize and file in time and store it in a suitable environment.
Four. Introduction to statistical technology (refer to the guide to the application of statistical technology) isoedu. . .
5. What are 5.IPQC and FQC?
Ipqc (input process quality control) means process control in Chinese, which refers to the quality control of products from materials put into production to final packaging.
(under the Quality Control Department) 1. Responsible for the first article inspection and part of the process inspection, identification and statistics of defective products in the process; 2. Be responsible for patrol inspection, and regularly check all links such as material use, assembly operation, machine operation and environmental compliance in the whole production process. 3.IPQC is generally the first inspection, sampling inspection and sampling inspection; It is a roving flow check in the process; It belongs to the management of quality control department. Production process inspection (IPQC): generally refers to the quality control of production activities at all stages from material warehousing to finished product warehousing, that is, process quality control.
Compared with the quality inspection at this stage, it is called FQC (Final Quality Control). ① The methods of process inspection mainly include: a. Combination of first article self-inspection, mutual inspection and special inspection; B. combining process control with sampling inspection and inspection; C. multi-process centralized inspection; D, testing step by step; E. product inspection after completion; F. combination of sampling and full inspection; ② Process quality control (IPQC): it is a patrol inspection of the production process.
A. first article inspection; B. material inspection; C. Patrol inspection: ensure proper patrol inspection time and frequency, and conduct inspection in strict accordance with inspection standards or work instructions. Including the inspection of product quality, process regulations, machine operation parameters, material placement, identification and environment. D. inspection records shall be truthfully filled in.
③ Process product quality inspection (FQC): it is used to verify the quality of products after completion, so as to determine whether this batch of products can flow into the next process, which belongs to fixed-point inspection or acceptance inspection. A. Inspection items: appearance, size, physical and chemical characteristics, etc. B. inspection method: sampling inspection is generally adopted; C. unqualified handling; D. recording; ④ Standards: work instructions, process inspection standards, process inspection and test procedures, etc.
Quality inspection method 1. Full inspection: an inspection method for all products or materials submitted for inspection without omission. Suitable for the following situations: ① small batch, simple inspection and low cost; ② The product must be qualified; (3) If there is a small amount of unqualified products, it may lead to a fatal impact on the products.
2. Sampling inspection: it is a typical statistical inference to select some individuals from all individuals of a batch of products for inspection and judge whether the whole batch of products is qualified according to the inspection results of the samples. ① Applicable to the following situations: a. Destructive tests are required for product performance inspection; B. The batch is too large to be fully inspected; C. It needs longer inspection time and higher inspection cost; A certain degree of defective products is allowed.
② Relevant terms in sampling inspection: a. Inspection lot: the same products are gathered together as sampling inspection objects; Generally speaking, a production batch is an inspection lot. A production batch can be divided into multiple inspection lots, but an inspection lot cannot contain multiple production batches, and inspection lots cannot be combined at will.
B. Batch number: the number of units contained in the batch; C. Sampling quantity: the quantity of products extracted from this batch; D nonconformity judgment number (RE): short for Reject, indicating rejection; E. Qualified judgment number (AC): abbreviation of accept received; Qualified quality level (AQL): short for acceptable quality level. Generally speaking, it is the acceptable rate of unqualified products.
3. Determination of sampling scheme: The sampling scheme adopted by our factory is designed according to the national standard GB2828 "Sampling Procedure and Sampling Table for Batch Inspection and Counting". The specific application steps are as follows: ① determine the quality judgment standard of products; ② Selection of inspection level: General inspection levels are divided into I, II and III; The special inspection levels are S- 1, S-2, S-3 and S-4. In general, the general level 2 is adopted.
(3) Selection of Qualified Quality Level (AQL):AQL is the main basis for selecting sampling scheme, which should be jointly agreed by producers and users. (4) Determine the sample size code, that is, the number of samples.
⑤ Select the sampling scheme type: such as normal sampling scheme, strict sampling scheme or multiple sampling scheme. ⑥ Look up the table to determine the qualified judgment number (AC) and unqualified judgment number (Re).