Jia Dao, now a native of Jia Dao Village (Jia Dao Gu), Fangshan District, Beijing, came from a poor family in his early years and became a monk. His dharma name has no roots. He once lived in Shi Cun, Shiyukou, Fangshan, but left Jia. 19-year-old travel, know Meng Jiao and so on. And ponder Han Yu. After returning to the secular world, scholars were introduced repeatedly. Tang Wenzong is the main book of the Yangtze River (Pengxi County, Sichuan Province), so it is called "Jia Changjiang". His poems are good at carving, and he likes to write desolate and lonely places, full of bitterness and feelings. He claimed to be "two sentences in three years, one song and two tears". But then the treasurer of Zhou Pu joined the army and died anywhere. The Collection of the Yangtze River 10 volume contains more than 390 poems. In addition, there are 3 volumes of small collections and 1 volume of poems.
Jia Dao, known as "the prisoner of poetry" and "the slave of poetry", did not like to associate with ordinary people all his life. Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty called him "a man who knows the world". He only likes to write poems and mourning poems and work hard on words.
Becoming a monk at an early age
Jia Dao became a monk in his early years In the winter of the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), I went to Chang 'an and met Zhang Ji. The following spring, I went to Chang 'an, visited Han Yu for the first time, and deeply appreciated my poems. After secularization, scholars were introduced repeatedly. When he was literate, he was demoted to the main book of the Yangtze River (now Pengxi, Sichuan) because of slander. He once wrote the poem Sick Cicada (Chronology of Tang Poetry). In the fifth year of Kaicheng (840), he moved to Zhou Pu to join the army. Five cases of Huichang died in Zhou Pu on July 28th (August 27th) in 843. Jia Dao's poetry formed a school in the late Tang Dynasty, which had great influence. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Wei's Poet's Picture of Subject and Object was listed as one of the seven people who entered the church as "pure and elegant". In Qing Dynasty, Huaiming Li called him a "lonely man" in the Poet's Subject and Object Map of the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty, and listed many disciples as "entering the room" and "visiting the door". In the late Tang Dynasty, Dong Li, Sun Sheng and others in the Five Dynasties respected Jia Dao very much, and even burned incense to worship his portraits and poems, which was like a miracle (Biography of Tang People, Reading Records of County Zhai). Jia Dao's Collection of the Yangtze River 10, with four series widely used, was photocopied and translated in Song Dynasty. The New Collection of the Yangtze River is based on Jia's poems collected in The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty, and other books and related anthologies, anthologies and appendices, such as Chronicle of Jia Dao, Examination of Jia Dao's Friends, and Jia Dao's Poetry Review, are relatively complete.
John young, Jia Dao's hometown, was once An Lushan's lair. After the Anshi Rebellion was put down, it was occupied by the buffer region for a long time and was in a semi-isolated state. Jia Dao was born in a humble family. So his early behavior rate can't be tested. Legend has it that he tried several times before he was 30, and all failed. Frustrated and forced to make a living, he had to become a monk in Buddhism and take a dharma name instead of publishing a book. The poor family and the lonely life of meditation have cultivated his withdrawn, indifferent and introverted personality. He likes to be alone and curious, but he is lighter than wealth, and his emotions are vivid on his face, which is quite rare in the world. But he still loves to recite poems and is often carried away by the idea of good sentences. "Although I sit and sleep, I will never stop singing." Therefore, Jia Dao is regarded as a typical poet in the Tang Dynasty.
Study the origin carefully
One day, Jia Dao visited a friend named Li Ning in the suburb of Chang 'an. He searched along the mountain road for a long time before he touched Li Ning's home. At this time, the night is quiet and the moonlight is bright. His knock on the door woke up the birds in the tree. Unfortunately, Li Ning was not at home that day, and Jia Dao left a poem:
Li Ning's Seclusion
Living leisurely here, few neighbors come, and the overgrown path leads to the wilderness.
Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door.
Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks.
I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date.
The next day, Jia Dao rode a donkey back to Chang 'an. On the way, he remembered the poem he improvised last night, and thought that the word "push" in "Trees and Birds Stay by the Pool, Monks Push the Moon Down the Door" was not appropriate enough, and it might be more appropriate to use the word "knock" instead. Jia Dao rode on a donkey, sang songs, knocked at the door and pushed the door, and unconsciously entered Chang 'an. People in the street are amused to see him like this. At this time, Han Yu, who was an official in Beijing, came face to face with the honor guard. Pedestrians and vehicles gave way, and Jia Dao rode a donkey with lively gesticulations and broke into the guard of honor.
Han Yu asked Jia Dao why he trespassed. Jia Dao read the poem he wrote to Han Yu, but he couldn't make up his mind whether to use "push" or "knock" in a sentence. Han Yu listened and thought with great interest. After a while, he said to Jia Dao, "I think it's better to knock at the door. If the door is closed, how can you push it open? Besides, it is polite to knock on other people's homes at night! In addition, the word "knock" adds a little more noise in the dead of night. There is movement in the silence, is it not lively? " Jia Dao listened to nodding. Not only did he not get punished this time, but he also made friends with Han Yu.
Since then, scrutiny has become a popular word, which means that when doing an article or doing something, you can get the best result through repeated thinking and thinking.
Scholar or not.
Is it awkward for Jia Dao and Liu Qichu to be together? Are you a scholar? In what year did you become a scholar? I can't pass the exam either, but it's true that my career is bumpy. Jia Dao took many exams in Sun Shan, but all failed. On one occasion, he not only lost face, but also was labeled as "ten evils in farming" for "singing sick cicadas and stabbing public officials". What saddens him even more is that his good friend Meng Jiao died of a sudden illness in the 9th year of Yuanhe (8 14). In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Han Yu died of illness again. At this time, Jia Dao was still an ordinary white man. It was not until Jia Dao was old that Jia Dao became the main book of Changjiang County. In the fifth year (840), Jia Dao passed the exam for three years and moved to Zhou Pu (now Anyue County, Sichuan Province) to join the army. In the third year of Huichang (843), Jia Dao died on July 28th (August 27th).
Jia Dao's contribution to the post of the main book of the Yangtze River is not recorded in the history books. Su Jiang, a native of Tang Dynasty, praised Jia Dao for "being in office for three years and never letting go" in his Epitaph of Jia Sicang. It seems that Jia Dao's hobby of reading and reciting poems has not changed since he became an official.
Write poetry assiduously
Jia Dao is famous for writing poems diligently. This is also reflected in his own poems. For example, in the poem "No Man", he wrote "Walking alone at the bottom of the pool": "After two sentences of three years, tears flowed. If you don't appreciate your confidant, you will return to the mountain. " "Two sentences in three years" is naturally exaggerated, but he often takes pains to recite poems, but it is true.
It is precisely because of his efforts that he was able to make up for the lack of talent, and finally won a place in the dazzling Tang Dynasty poetry world, leaving many excellent works. For example, his "Chu Shi on the River": "When Fujian sails, the toad is desperate. Autumn wind blows the Weihe River and leaves fall all over Chang 'an. Tonight, the weather is cold and thunderstorm. Lan Shoushu has not returned, and the news is in the clouds. "The whole poem is full of backbones, and poetry is turning. In particular, the couplets of "Autumn wind blows the Weihe River and leaves are full of Chang 'an" are natural, humorous and desolate, vividly conveying the poet's deep affection for remembering his friends, and are worthy of being told through the ages.
Another example is his "Message to Korea for the Recovery of Chaozhou". "This heart followed the Mulan boat until the tide came to the south. Come to China for an appointment every other chapter, and the letter will pass. The peak hangs on the postal road, the clouds break, and the roots of the city are immersed in the sea. The smoke and wind swept away overnight, and at the beginning of the next month, I went to langxi Building. " Write Jia Dao's suspense and sympathy for Han Yu, which sets off Han Yu's aboveboard, broad realm, high syllables and long charm, indicating that Jia Dao saw meaningful brushstrokes in a plain place.
Another example is his poem "Xia Di": "How can I live in the emperor's hometown with my first empty bag! Apricot garden is full of tears, who is drunk for flowers? Tears fall on distant mountains, and spring grass grows in illness. When a confidant meets a gentleman, he is alone in Sanxiang. " Expressed his painful feelings after being seriously backward. Jia Dao was very frustrated, lonely and poor all his life, and his political career was extremely difficult. Therefore, his poems mainly describe the lonely and secluded realm. But sometimes there are works of generosity and agitation, such as his "Song of the Sick Stork": "Handsome birds also jump on the high ground and climb down the ladder abruptly. Sometimes it is revealed that nothing goes with the wind. Borrow the swift to get the jade rabbit, and brush the golden rooster in the sun later. Bak Yan's hairiness has been shattered, how can you be ambitious? " Again, my ambition remains unchanged, and my ambition is hard to grind. I still fantasize about the chance to fight in the air. This intense factor in his thoughts is often vented by the images of old generals and veterans. For example, his "A Generation of Old Generals": "The old story says that it is like a dream, who should believe the old man? There are several battlefields, and there is no one in the Ministry. Collect sick horses at sunset and take pictures on sunny days. Youxi Sheng Chao uses it. He has a white moustache. " His "A Generation of Border Generals": "Holding Ge Cluster to the border, the cloud will be harvested after the war. Cry cold when the grass is exposed, and sing long in the spring at night. Hold the iron in three feet and run for the bull. It is not expensive to serve the country, and anger will be flat. " His swordsman: "It takes ten years to grind a sword, but the frost blade has never tried." I'll show you today who is unfair. "His" Meet the Old ":"Don't fight when you are a few years old, but advise to drink now. I envy you for walking across the Yellow River without white hair. The soldiers in the old house burned out, and the new palace fought more and more every day. The demon star still has horns, and a few feet of iron are reground. "These poems are full of heroism and strong character. Unfortunately, Jia Dao had this ambition but no opportunity, which led to his failure to display his talents, leaving only his Poems of the Yangtze River.
Jia Dao's poems and his bitter spirit are still very influential in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. For example, in the late Tang Dynasty, Dong Li "enjoyed the Yangtze River calmly, so he wrote an island statue in bronze and put it in a towel. I often recite Kado Buddha with a few beads, 1000 times a day. People who like islands will personally give them poems to remind them to say it four times: this is no different from Buddhist scriptures, burn incense and worship. " Another example is Sun Sheng in the Southern Tang Dynasty, who painted a portrait of Jia Dao and hung it on the wall for worship day and night. Although Jia Dao believed in Buddhism before his death, I'm afraid he never thought that someone behind him regarded him as a Buddha because of his poems. If he is alive in heaven, he will be satisfied to become a Buddha after death!
Extended reading:
Jia Dao's Classical Poetry
1, a note for an absent person-Jia Dao.
When I asked your students under a pine tree, "my teacher," he replied, "went to pick herbs."
However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .
2. The swordsman-Jia Dao
Ten years of grinding a sword, frost blade has not tried.
If we test you today, who will be unfair?
3. Li Ning lives in seclusion-Jia Dao
Living leisurely here, few neighbors come, and the overgrown path leads to the wilderness. Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door.
Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks. I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date.
4. Crossing the Mountain Village-Jia Dao
Cold sounds can be heard miles away. People in the mountains live in scattered places and there are no neighbors nearby. Birds are twittering in the wilderness, and the faint sunset scares passers-by.
A crescent moon did not take away the long night, and the flame on the border did not cross the Sanqin. Outside the depression, fireworks are getting closer and closer.
5, hanging Xie Mengfa-Jia Dao
When the ancients were together, they had low taste before they died. When he was buried, he was poor and sold horses, but he cried for his wife who was far away.
Outside the lonely tomb in the north, Yuexi is in the empty lent. There should be ten thousand poems, and all the objects and images have been inscribed.
6. Nanchi-Jiedao
The depression is rainy and the barren shore is clear. Enter Chuanshan and invade the village.
Autumn sounds according to the color of trees, Pugen moonlight shadow. Difficult to drown, he closed his dreams at night.
7. Give it to Jia Dao, No.2 in Longchi Temple.
If you were invited to live in the south, you wouldn't go to Shiqiao. Lin Zhongqiu believes that the peak night is far away.
The cold grass hides the tiger, and the pine carves the moon. First frost day to the temple, the temple is in front of the court.
8. Send Mr. Zhen Kong Jia Dao.
After Chinese food in the forest, when the world wants to go. Hengyang has company, and dreams should be late.
The stone chimes disperse the cold rhyme, and the copper bottle is outstanding. I'm surprised to say goodbye, and the return date is uncertain.
9. Send Pei School Book-Jia Dao
Worship officials from secret provinces, institutions in Fan Wei. Many reasons are long and sparse, and high autumn is far away.
Cold and drunk, dead of night. Build the house near the South China Sea and sail there.
10, sent to Mo Gong, Dove-Lane.
It is known that it belongs to the white dove, with a high mountain and a long way to go, and the sun is shining. The stone room is quiet, and the moon shadow in the ice pool is residual.
Wei Yun was destroyed to pieces, and the old trees were neglected. Who can smell the night after, Xifeng is extremely cold.
1 1. After the rain, stay on Liusimachi-Jia Dao.
Blue creek washes jade and autumn colors, and this place is clear. Reed sound and rain sound, lotus fragrance around the lamp.
The ancient Qin road is on the shore, and the Han and Huangling tombs are on the pavilion surface. Jingsi spring is the foundation, and the cliff falls several layers.
12, send Zhu Kejiu back to Vietnam-Jia Dao.
Shichengbo, the clock is early and the north is solid. The tide is high in Lu Ting, and the windows on the ship are out of space.
Wu Shan invaded the people, and Sui and Liu entered the Tang Dynasty. I want to lower my head and adjust my diet every day. I want to write a book.
13, send Tian Zhuo to Huashan-passageway.
Deep enough to know the dusk, I was shocked by the stone bed. Waterfall 5000 meters, next to Caotang Waterfall.
The altar is loose and the moon is empty. The crane must look at the king, and there should be a fairy on the earth.
Jia Dao's thoughtful story
Jia Dao was a famous poet of Kuyin School in Tang Dynasty. What is the complaint school? Just for a poem, or a sentence in a poem, I don't hesitate to spend my time and effort. Jia Dao once wrote a poem a few years later. After writing the poem, he burst into tears, not only happy, but also distressed himself. Of course, he doesn't work so hard every time he becomes a capital. In that case, he is not a poet.
On one occasion, Jia Dao rode a donkey on Suzaku Street in Chang 'an. It is late autumn, the golden wind is blowing, the leaves are fluttering, and the scenery is very charming. As soon as Nandao was happy, she sang "Leaves Full of Chang 'an". But think about it, this is the next sentence, and there must be the last sentence. He began to think hard and mumbled something while riding a donkey. An official across the street came over and kept knocking on the gong to clear the way. The gong hit the mountain and Jia Dao didn't hear it. This official is none other than Jing, the mayor of Chang 'an today. His name is Liu Qichu, and he was very angry when he saw Jia Dao breaking in. Jia Dao suddenly had a brainwave and shouted, "Autumn wind gives birth to Wei water." Liu Qichu was startled and thought he was crazy. He was arrested and held overnight. Although Jia Dao suffered a lot, he became a poem "Wu Chu Stone in yi river":
"Fujian set sail, toad lost contact for the last time.
Autumn wind gives birth to Wei water, and leaves are all over Chang 'an.
There was a party here in the evening, when it was thunderstorm and freezing.
Lan Lin hasn't come back yet, and the news is still uncertain. "
Jia Dao suffered a loss once, but his memory was not long. Not long after, he rode a donkey into the road again. He is thinking about a poem, the whole poem is as follows:
Living leisurely here, few neighbors come, and the overgrown path leads to the wilderness.
Birds inhabit trees by the pool, and monks push the moon down the door.
Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks.
I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date.
That is, "the monk pushes the moon down the door." But he didn't think it was appropriate to push, so he knocked. My mouth is chanting. Unconsciously, he rode a donkey into the honor guard of Han Yu, a senior official.
Han Yu is more educated than Liu Qichu. He asked why Jia Dao violated it. Jia Dao wrote a poem himself and couldn't decide whether to say it again with "push" or "knock". Han Yu laughed and said to Jia Dao, "I think it's better to knock. If the door is closed, how can you push it open? Besides, it is polite to knock on other people's homes at night! In addition, the word "knock" adds a little more noise in the dead of night. There is movement in the silence, is it not lively? " Jia Dao listened to nodding. Not only did he not get punished this time, but he also made friends with Han Yu.
Enlightenment of Jia Dao's thoughtful story
This story tells us that no matter what we do, we should be thoughtful, considerate, constantly improve and strive for perfection. No matter you are a student or a person who has already worked, you should learn from Jia Dao's thoughtful spirit, and do everything conscientiously and responsibly, strive for perfection and be meticulous.