He is mainly responsible for the guards and access control inside and outside the nine gates in the inner city of Beijing. He is also responsible for night patrol, fire fighting, compilation and inspection of Garbo, prohibition, arrest, prison break, etc. , is actually the commander of the Qing dynasty palace.
Generally speaking, they are all close friends of the emperor, such as Longkeduo and Rong Lu.
The Nine Magistrates, that is, the yamen commanded by the Bubu Army, is called "Commander of the Fifth Battalion of the Jiubu Army", which is equivalent to the commander of the Rongwei District of the Beijing Military Region and the director of the Beijing Public Security Bureau, and is responsible for Beijing's defense and public security.
Nine magistrates are second-rate military attaché s, equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general. Great power and heavy responsibility. In Beijing, he is responsible for guarding, arresting, entrance guard, night patrol, inspection, Jiabao, prohibition of alcohol, trial, imprisonment, artillery and other duties, all of which are related to the military and police.
Who has held this important position in history?
Say something famous:
Malki: It's amazing. He is from Zhenghuangqi. Shunzhi won the first place in the nine-year exam and the first scholar in Manchu Dynasty.
Roncodo: It's so famous. Participated in the war to seize the Kowloon office and made great contributions. He served as the head of nine departments for 13 years.
Long Fuan: He is Fu Kang 'an's younger brother, a native of Huangqi, an affiliated horse owner, and his married daughter, Princess Jia.
He Shen: This is great. In forty-two years, Ganlong was appointed as nine prefects, and he was in trouble until the fourth year of Jiaqing.
Mianen: Prince Ding. The grandson of Emperor Qianlong was given a yellow jacket by his grandfather at the age of eight because of his superb archery.
Zhang Mu: Very famous. He is a blue flag bearer and a sworn enemy of Lin Zexu.
Senior citizen: This is also very famous. He is a blue flag. He signed the treaty of nanking. Xianfeng was given suicide in eight years.
Yijing: Great-grandson of Qianlong, a native of Hongqi. Once suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Cezanne: Many people know this man. He is Mongolian. He is the best, why, because he lived for six dynasties: dry, elegant, Taoist, salty, harmonious and light. Iron turtle!
Zaiquan: The grandson of Tumian above.
Duan Hua: This is an iron hat prince, a minister in the last years of Xianfeng, who was later killed by Cixi and Yi? Do it hand in hand.
Rong Lu: Zhengbaiqi people. Everyone knows this. During the Reform Movement of 1898, he stood on the side of Cixi and suppressed the six gentlemen.
Jae-hoon: Zhuang Wang Qin.
Shanti: Prince Su. I haven't heard of him, but you must know his daughter, Kawashima Yoshiko.
Yu Lang: The grandson of Mian En (Zai Quan) in the picture above. This nest is quite powerful, and the grandson always has a bright future.
It is said that it is the prefect of nine doors, and he must manage nine doors. Which nine doors? It's the inner nine doors:
Deshengmen and Andingmen in the north;
Dongzhimen and Chaoyangmen in the east;
Xizhimen and Fuchengmen in the west;
Zhengyangmen, Chongwenmen and Nanxuanwumen.
Nine doors in the inner city have different uses, and nine doors take nine cars. The specific rules are as follows.
First, Chaoyangmen grain truck.
There were no iron means of transportation at that time. Beijing's grain is transported from the south, and it has to be transported to Tongzhou by water-Tonghui River, and then loaded into the city. This is Chaoyangmen. So on the top of Chaoyangmen cave, a grain ear was carved. When the grain comes, it will be stored in nearby grain depots, such as Mi Lu Warehouse, Maritime Warehouse and New Taicang.
Second, Chongwenmen: take a wine car.
There is a wine channel outside Chongwen Gate, and the wine is transported from southern Zhuozhou and other places. Of course, you took the south road when you entered Beijing. The wine truck goes to Zuo 'anmen in the outer city, and then to Chongwenmen to pay the wine tax. At that time, the signboard of Beijing Restaurant read "Jiu Shao South Road", that is, it was taxed, not smuggled.
Third, Zhengyangmen: Take the "Dragon Car".
Zhengyangmen is dedicated to the royal family. Every year, the son of heaven goes out of Zhengyangmen to participate in performing arts activities, goes to the Temple of Heaven to perform sacrifices to heaven in winter, and surprises farmland in Xiannongtan.
Fourth, Xuanwu Gate: Take a prison car.
The execution ground is at the entrance of the food market. After being approved by the Ministry of Punishment, the prisoner went out of Xuanwu Gate and pulled to Caishikou for operation.
There are three words engraved on the top of the cave of Xuanwu Gate: "It's too late to regret". It must be too late. Wen Tianxiang in the Song Dynasty and Tan Sitong in the Qing Dynasty all died heroically here. Yuan Chonghuan died in Xi Shi (near Xisi T-street).
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Fuchengmen: Take a coal car.
Mentougou, in the west of Beijing, produces coal, and the coal car will go to Fuchengmen when it enters the city. On the top of the entrance of Fucheng is a plum blossom, which is homophonic. At that time, Xiao Shenyang was a coal boss.
Xizhimen: Take the waterwheel.
The son of heaven drank not the well in the city, but the water from Yuquan Mountain. There are many wells in the Forbidden City, but they are not used for drinking. They are mainly for kings who are ready to die. It's a pity that he would rather hang himself, there is not a keel left in the well.
The top of Xizhimen cave is engraved with water ripples.
Seven, Deshengmen: personnel carriers.
The main swordsmen of Xuanwu in the north sent troops to fight at the north gate. It's called deshengmen.
There is a cannon to the east of Deshengmen, which is not used for fighting, but for telling the time. At noon every day, Deshengmen and Xuanwumen fired at the same time, and the people took out their watches to see the time, engraved with the son of heaven.
Andingmen: What bus should I take?
Also sit in chariots, sit at Andingmen, win the battle-win the flag, retreat and settle down.
What if you lose? Even if you are defeated, you must take the door of stability. I lost this time, so I can't win next time.
The above paragraph is a lie. In fact, Andingmen takes a dung truck.
At that time, in the Qing Dynasty, there was a dung field near Ditan, which was a gathering place for chemical fertilizers.
Dongzhimen: Take a brick and wood car.
In the past, brick kilns were all outside Dongzhimen, and brick carts and timber from the south also came in from here. They are all building materials, and it is the most lively place when large-scale construction is carried out.
Not only brick and wood carts, but also all kinds of carts go from here. Dongzhimen Street is more than three miles long. It is a stone road with shops on both sides. Tea, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, tea and daily necessities are all in this street.
The commander of the Fifth Battalion of the Nine-door Step Army, referred to as the commander of the Nine-door Step Army for short, was the military attache of the Qing Dynasty in Yanjing, who was mainly responsible for the garrison and public security in the capital, similar to the garrison commander and the director of the Public Security Bureau today, but with greater authority. Jiuzhifu integrated the guards and access control inside and outside the nine inner city gates of Beijing (Zhengyangmen, Chongwenmen, Xuanwumen, Andingmen, Deshengmen, Dongzhimen, Xizhimen, Chaoyangmen and Fuchengmen), and was also responsible for night patrol, fire fighting, compilation and inspection of Jiabao, prohibition of alcohol, arrest and escape. In fact, he was the commander-in-chief of the imperial army in the Qing Dynasty, the first-order official and the second-order deputy.
start from scratch
In the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1644), the Qing soldiers entered the customs, settled in Yanjing, and set up a military institution, the "Bujun Command Office", which was used for the defense and public security of the capital. The chief officer is the "Infantry Commander", who is in charge of the Manchu-Mongolian Eight Banners Infantry Battalion and nine officers and men, as well as the North-South Patrol Second Battalion, namely the green camp Horse Infantry. The infantry battalion mainly defends the inner city and defends in the direction of the Eight Banners. The patrol battalion mainly defends the outer city (also called Cheng Nan) and important places in the suburbs.
In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the Qing court took command of the three battalions of the nine-door patrol army, and added a patrol battalion, which was still under the jurisdiction of the yamen colonel.
Evolve to disappear
Since the establishment of Jiumen Prefect, it was mainly held by Manchu ministers because it was related to the defense of the capital.
In the forty-six years of Qianlong (178 1), the Qing court increased the 3rd battalion (south, north and middle) to the 5th battalion, all of which were controlled by infantry troops. At this point, the title of the chief officer of the yamen was officially changed to "Commander of the Five Battalions of Nine Patrol Troops".
1900, Eight-Nation Alliance went to Beijing to set up an Anmin office to maintain law and order. Before Eight-Nation Alliance entered Beijing, the last commander-in-chief was Rong Lu, the confidant of Empress Dowager Cixi. 190 1 year, the Qing court set up a patrol camp for the Guangfu association, which was later renamed as the patrol general office to replace the patrol camp led by the original infantry army. 1902, Prince Su was appointed as the infantry commander, supporting the reform of separation of military and police. 1905, the Qing court formally established a patrol inspection department and opened a modern police academy to train police talents. Since then, the military and police establishment has been separated, and the modern police system has been initially established.
After the Revolution of 1911 (19 1 1), the Beiyang government retained this official position, but renamed it "the capital and the yamen with troops", which was in charge of the left and right wing commanders. 1924 1 1 was finally abolished.
Nine famous faces in history
Longkeduo is the younger brother of Tong Jiashi, the queen of Kangxi Xiao Yiren, the son of Tong Guowei and the nephew of Tong Guogang. Yongzheng was raised by Empress Xiao Yiren for more than ten years and regarded as an adoptive mother. Therefore, dragons can be called uncles.
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Longkeduo was the official to Minister Li Fanyuan, and was also the commander of infantry and the prefect of nine departments. He is in charge of the armed forces inside and outside Beijing and has a very important position.
Longkodo in the film and television drama Yongzheng Dynasty
In the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722), Kangxi was seriously ill and could not be seen by ministers at home and abroad. Only one person from Longke accompanied Kangxi and was entrusted by him at the end of his life. Later, Longkeduo was ordered by Kangxi to become Yong Zhengdi. When Kangxi died, only Longkeduo handed down the testamentary edict and Yongzheng succeeded to the throne. During the mourning period, the nine governors of Longkodo defended the capital. Therefore, he was named as one of the four ministers of prime minister affairs, official department ministers and Taibao, and was in power for a while.
Nine prefects were military attaché s stationed in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty. It was first established in the thirteenth year of Kangxi, with the full name of "Nine Prefects and Five Battalions". It was not until 1924 that Feng Yuxiang drove Puyi out of the Forbidden City that this position was revoked.
Actual power
Although the Nine Magistrates are nominally responsible for guarding and access control of nine gates in Beijing (Zhengyangmen, Chongwenmen, Xuanwu Gate, Andingmen, Deshengmen, Dongzhimen, Xizhimen, Chaoyangmen and Fuchengmen), they are also responsible for night patrol, fire fighting, Garbo's editing and inspection, alcohol prohibition, arrest and prison break, etc., but they are actually imperial guards and have a very important position. It is roughly equivalent to the commander of the Beijing Garrison concurrently serving as the director of the Beijing Public Security Bureau.
Become a character
At the beginning of its establishment, it was a second-class product, and later it was upgraded to a second-class product. This position is related to Beijing's defense, so it has been held by Manchu people since its establishment, such as "Long Keduo, Fu Longan, He Kun, Wang Mian En, Duan Hua, Rong Lu, Zhuang Zaixun and Prince Su Zhe in the late Qing Dynasty.
Position power
The troops of nine prefects and commanders have remained above 30,000 for a long time, with strong ability and good equipment.
In addition to the yamen headquarters, the Nine Magistrates also set up the Eight Banners Battalion, the Five Patrol Battalions, the Sixteen Management Departments of Inner and Outer Cities, and the Baitashan Gun Management Department.
These troops not only control the inner and outer cities of Beijing, but also have troops in the outer suburbs of Beijing and Yuanmingyuan.
Emperors of past dynasties ascended the throne and proclaimed themselves emperor. The first thing that needs to be wooed is nine governors. When Kangxi died, Longkeduo played a vital role in the process of Yongzheng's succession, because he was then a nine-door magistrate.
Generally speaking, the Nine Magistrates are in charge of the important areas of Gyeonggi, so their practical role is quite important.
The official position of Nine Magistrates played an extremely important role in the Qing Dynasty. Built in the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), it is located in Chongwenmen.
Although Fengtai Camp and Xiangshan Jianrui Camp were also responsible for guarding the security of Beijing in the early Qing Dynasty, they were not as important and direct as the Nine Magistrates. Emperors of past dynasties will focus on the deployment of the Nine Magistrates, and Longkeduo played an important role in Yongzheng's succession.
After the Revolution of 1911, Jiuzhifu was temporarily used, and after the abdication of the Qing court, it was used as an internal security force. After Feng Yuxiang expelled Puyi in 1924, his authority was entrusted to the supervision department of Shi Jing. During Kang Yong's reign, there were only three battalions in Jiumen Magistrate's Government, named Commander of 3rd Battalion of Jiumen Step Army. In the forty-six years of Qianlong (178 1), the governor added two left and right battalions to become five battalions, namely, China, South, North, Left and Right.
With the expansion of the capital, as for the four years of Jiaqing, a left and a right company commanders were added. The left company commander controls the south camp and the left camp, and the right company commander rules the north camp and the right camp. Due to the large area of the inner city, it needs to be closely monitored and managed, so the soldiers below the Nine Magistrates are stationed scattered ("Pan" refers to the establishment of grass-roots troops), patrolling the city gates, catching thieves, and applying for night patrols.
In addition, the Nine Magistrates are also responsible for night patrol, fire fighting, compiling Jiabao, banning, arresting and jailbreaking. In fact, they were the leaders of the imperial army in the Qing Dynasty, and their ranks were first positive and then deputy, and they were promoted from the first level during the Jiaqing period. The military establishment of the Nine Magistrates is subordinate to the Ministry of War, and the soldiers of the Eight Banners and green camp are selected through strict training. The Ministry of War often selects from the horse infantry and sends them to the yamen for use.
The name of Nine Gates comes from the inner city of the capital of Qing Dynasty, and there are nine gates: Zhengyang, Chongwen, Xuanwu, Chaoyang, Dongzhi, Fucheng, Xizhi, Desheng and Anding. Each gate is the responsibility of the gate captain, the gate school, the gate leader and the gate collectors.
It can be said that the Nine Magistrates are responsible for the garrison, security and public order in Beijing, which is related to the stability of Beijing. In the Qing Dynasty, the full name of the Nine-door Prefect was "The Nine-door Step Army patrolled the Five Battalions and commanded the yamen", commonly known as "the Step Army commanded the yamen", so the chief was referred to as "the Step Army commanded" for short. Due to the dangerous work, the number of personnel has remained at around 30,000 for a long time. The personnel are capable, well-equipped and loyal, and there is also a gun camp. In order to facilitate contact, Baitashan Artillery Management Office was established in Beihai.
In case of riots, enemy situations, fires and explosions in Beijing, guns will be fired on the basis of gold medals. After hearing the guns, the officers and men stationed in Beijing immediately gathered separately to stand by and act quickly. In a sense, Jiupin Magistrate belongs to the Royal Guards, protecting the royal security. Moreover, most of them are Manchus, and their confidants are important officials, who have a great say in the court and can even interfere in the succession and abolition of the throne. The famous Nine Magistrates include Longkeduo, Jiang, Rong Lu and others.
To understand this problem, we must first look at the origin of the prefect's office. Prefect Wu Zhi began in the Ming Dynasty, but at that time it was non-permanent and had no fixed post. The Qing dynasty followed this official position, but made improvements. Generally speaking, each province has a chief executive who is in charge of green camp in that province. However, Guangdong, Fujian and other places also have land and water magistrates, and there are not a few examples in which the governor concurrently serves as a magistrate. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs and made Beijing its capital, in order to maintain the stability of the capital, the military and police institutions were set up in the first year of Shunzhi to administer the Eight Banners Barracks in the capital. An infantry battalion was set up to guard the inner city, and a scout battalion was stationed in the outer city and the suburbs of Beijing. The position of chief officer of this organization is called Commander of the Fifth Battalion of the Nine-door Patrol Army, which is also referred to as the Nine-door Prefect for short.
What is the origin of Nine Gates? Nine gates refer to the nine gates in the inner city of Beijing, namely: Zhengyangmen, Chongwenmen, Xuanwumen, Andingmen, Deshengmen, Dongzhimen, Xizhimen, Chaoyangmen and Fuchengmen. We often hear the word "49 cities" in movies and TV dramas that reflect the street features of Beijing since modern times, referring to the nine gates of the inner city and the four gates of the more core imperial city: Tiananmen, Di 'anmen, Dong 'anmen and Xi 'an. In other words, "49 cities" means "urban areas".
Because the Nine Magistrates were responsible for guarding the capital, in the early Qing Dynasty, it was mainly held by Manchu ministers trusted by the emperor. Among them, Long Keduo, which everyone is most familiar with, is famous because of the popularity of the Qing Palace drama. Nine prefects are responsible for public security and public order in the capital, and the commander-in-chief ranks 30,000 for a long time, ranking second, the same as the Governor's Office. During the Jiaqing period, he was promoted to the first rank of subordinate, and he held the title of Minister of War with the Governor. It can be seen that the rank of Jiupin magistrate is very high, because of the particularity and sensitivity of its duties.
Now, the position similar to that of the Nine-door Prefect is the Beijing Garrison Commander. At present, the garrison in Beijing and the garrison in three other municipalities directly under the Central Government are all units at the army level, but the military and political officials in the garrison in Beijing are all at the deputy army level to highlight the importance of defending the capital. It is not difficult to see that the specifications of Beijing garrison are far lower than those of Jiumen Prefecture. At present, the main duty of the garrison is military affairs in peacetime, only assisting the public security organs to maintain social order, and only taking over the security of the capital in wartime and special periods.
Nine-door prefect is the abbreviation of commander-in-chief of nine-door infantry.
The so-called Nine Gates means that there were nine gates in Beijing in Qing Dynasty, namely Zhengyangmen, Chongwenmen, Xuanwu Gate, Andingmen, Deshengmen, Dongzhimen, Xizhimen, Chaoyangmen and Fuchengmen.
In the 13th year of Kangxi, namely 1674, the governor's yamen of Jiumenbujun was established, and its chief was the commander-in-chief of Jiumenbujun, commonly known as Jiumenfujun among the people. Here, Jiumen is used to refer to the capital.
The main duty of the Nine Magistrates is to be responsible for the entrance guard inside and outside the capital, and to be the commander-in-chief of the Fifth Battalion of the Eight Banners. The level is not particularly high (generally, it is a first-class or second-class background, which is similar to that of local magistrates and governors), but it has always been the most trusted minister of the emperor because it has mastered the security of the national heart and the royal family.
Nine magistrates can command an army of about 30,000 to 40,000 people, which is already very strong on the premise that the national strength is only a few hundred thousand.
Today, the nine local governors of the Qing Dynasty are roughly equivalent to the commanders, political commissars and generals of the army in Xu Wei, the capital.
Nine prefects, the full name of the fifth infantry patrol battalion, referred to as (Nine prefects). Or an infantry commander. He was the military attache of the Qing Dynasty in Beijing. The departments under its jurisdiction are Bujun and Yamen, which was established in the twelfth year of Kangxi. Mainly responsible for the security and access control of nine gates in Beijing (Zhengyangmen, Chongwenmen, Xuanwu Gate, Andingmen, Deshengmen, Dongzhimen, Xizhimen, Chaoyangmen and Fuchengmen). He is also responsible for night patrol, fire fighting, arrest and prison break. Therefore, it is called the nine-door prefect. The official position is (from Yipin), actually the head of the imperial army in Qing Dynasty.
The Eight Banners Infantry of Manchu, Mongolian and Khan Army and the Horse Infantry Scouting Battalion of green camp, Shi Jing were under the command of nine prefects. The official position is equivalent to the current commander of a military region, sir. In terms of rank, it is estimated that it is the rank of general.
Bujun commands the yamen. In addition to this yamen, there are Baqibu Barracks and five battalions. There are also 16 management institutions and Baitashan Credit Insurance Management Department in the inner and outer cities. The number is about 30 thousand. Below the nine magistrates, there is a company commander with left and right wings, who works in a room. Its infantry battalion is equipped with a left-wing commander and a right-wing commander. (the third product of the official position). There is a general in charge of each of the five battalions patrolling (the official position is subordinate to the second grade). Among the nine gates, there are two masters, two city gates and two masters. (The official position is positive seven products).
The Eight Banners Infantry Battalion is mainly stationed in the inner city. Five battalions are distributed in the outer layer and suburbs. In an emergency, the artillery department of Baitashan is responsible for firing artillery at the nine gates of the inner city, so that the officers and men stationed in Beijing can gather immediately after hearing the guns and stand by. At that time, the step army commanded the yamen, which was a very important department in the Qing Dynasty. It is directly related to the safety of Beijing.
The step army commanded the yamen, which was established in the 13th year of Kangxi (1674) and revoked in 1924. The reason (Feng Yuxiang led the troops to Beijing and the last emperor Puyi was driven out of the Forbidden City).
Longkeduo, Huangqi Manchu, Tong Jiashi, brother of Qing sage Xiao Yiren. Kangxi was twenty-seven years old, that is (1688). At that time, he was the commander of the infantry, which was the position of the nine prefects mentioned above. This shows that the importance and power of the post of Nine Magistrates is beyond anyone's competence.
Speaking of grade nine, you must first know what he cares about. What is nine doors?
The Nine Gates in Qing Dynasty refers to the Nine Gates in Beijing, with Dongzhimen and Chaoyangmen in the east. Xizhimen and Fuchengmen are in the west; To the north are Deshengmen and Andingmen; To the south are Chongwen Gate, Zhengyang Gate and Xuanwu Gate. Collectively referred to as the inner nine or inner city. These nine magistrates are in charge of the inner city, equivalent to the garrison commander of the inner city.
According to records, the full name of the Qing Dynasty was "the prefect of the nine-door-step army patrolling the five battalions", which was first established during the Shunzhi period. At first, it only governed the Eight Banners Infantry of Manchu, Mongolian and Han ancestors. According to the rank, the commander-in-chief of this infantry is equivalent to a second-class yamen. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, in order to strengthen the management of the capital, the nine-door affairs, referred to as the nine-door prefect for short, began to be ceded to the governor, whose duties were to guard, guard, patrol, inspect, protect armor, arrest, hear cases, imprison people, signal cannons and so on. In the later period, the responsibility of commanding the army was further expanded, and both the inner and outer cities of the capital were under its jurisdiction. During the Qianlong period, it was changed to "the commander of nine soldiers patrolling five battalions", which was fully responsible for public security work inside and outside the capital, with about 30 thousand troops. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, the official rank rose to the first grade, and this situation was basically maintained until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
In the thirty-second year of Guangxu, Beijing established a special police department-the Office of the Governor of Inner and Outer Cities, which divided part of the powers of the Nine Magistrates, and the rights gradually weakened. This post was temporarily retained after the Revolution of 1911 and completely abolished by the end of 1924.
The Nine Magistrates often appear in the dramas of the Qing Dynasty, and they are a fairy who sounds arrogant. The Nine Magistrates are mainly responsible for the security of the capital and the inner city of the Forbidden City, which is roughly equivalent to the functions of the current commander of the Beijing Garrison Military Region, the director of the Beijing Public Security Bureau and the chief of the Beijing Armed Police Corps. Prefect is a verb, which means to improve the inspector.
As the first person in charge of the emperor's safety, this position is of course very important and belongs to the second level. Those who can hold this position are generally the emperor's cronies, and they are often Manchu officials with higher ranks than this position. He Kun is a part-time job, so you can know that this position is really awesome. There is also a legend, who also served as nine governors and six finger iron beggar Wu Liuyi. Generally speaking, a coup or accession to the throne requires the support of nine governors. Yongzheng acceded to the throne and received the support of nine magistrates at that time.
After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Yuan
The Beiyang government in Shikai continued to retain the post of Nine Magistrates and changed its name to the Commander of the Capital Infantry. It was not cancelled until 1924.