Cavendish Laboratory is the physics department of Cambridge University. It was founded by james clerk maxwell, the father of electromagnetism, in 187 1 year, and the laboratory was built in 1874. In memory of henry cavendish, a great physicist, chemist and alumnus of Cambridge University, it was named Cavendish Laboratory. William Cavendish (the seventh generation Duke of Devonshire), then president of Cambridge University, is a relative of henry cavendish, and henry cavendish donated 8450 pounds to help build the laboratory. Maxwell was then hired as the first Cavendish professor of physics at Cambridge University (i.e., director of the laboratory). Because of Maxwell's lofty position and the glorious history of Cavendish's laboratory, Professor Cavendish of physics, like Professor Lucas of mathematics, became a respected honorary title handed down from generation to generation, and passed it on to the ninth generation. The research fields of this laboratory include astrophysics, particle physics, solid state physics and biophysics. Cavendish laboratory is the first socialized and specialized scientific laboratory in the history of modern science, which has produced a large number of important scientific achievements that can affect human progress, including the discovery of electrons and neutrons, the discovery of nuclear structure, and the discovery of DNA double helix structure. , has made a decisive contribution to the scientific development of mankind. Britain is one of the most developed capitalist countries in the19th century. Expanding the physics laboratory from the private residence of scientists to a research unit conforms to the requirements of industrial technology for scientific development in the second half of the19th century, and has played a very good role in promoting scientific research. With the development of science and technology, the scale of scientific research is increasing, and socialization and specialization are inevitable trends. The history of Cavendish Laboratory in the following decades proves the foresight of the President of Cambridge University.