Lu introduced.
Chivalrous heroes, also known as chivalrous men. Chivalrous men appeared very early in ancient China, which was not recorded before the pre-Qin period. To this end, Sima Qian said with great regret: "Before the Qin Dynasty, the chivalrous man was completely annihilated, and I hated him." In the famous Historical Records, Sima Qian wrote a biography of a ranger, which is a biography of some famous chivalrous trees. He described different types of chivalrous men realistically, fully affirmed the plainclothes chivalrous men, rural chivalrous men and alley chivalrous men, and praised their noble virtues, such as "keeping your word and not caring for your health, a staff sergeant will fall." They don't envy their abilities and cut their virtues. "
Until the Tang Dynasty, the martial arts style was still prevalent, which was not only related to the tradition of ancient Ren Xia, but also related to the developed transportation and prosperous commercial economy in the western regions in the Tang Dynasty. In particular, the custom in Guanlong area is "Hu and Han are one, and civil and military are different." This has promoted young people's love for fencing and respect for Ren Xia. When Li Bai was a teenager, he was deeply influenced by the cultural customs of Guanlong. In addition to studying hard since he was a child, he has always had an indissoluble bond with swords, such as Fifteen Good Sword Techniques and Wearing a Man's Sword with a high crown. He wrote a poem praising the chivalrous man with a magic pen like an Excalibur. In the poem, he wrote: "Ten steps to kill one person, thousands of miles away. Things have passed, and I am deeply hidden and my reputation is outside. " Yuan Zhen in the Tang Dynasty also praised in the same poem: "A chivalrous man is not afraid of death, and he can do anything for fear of death."
There were knights in medieval Europe, similar to those in China. Knights used to be formally trained cavalry, and later evolved into an honorary title. Knight is an honorary title in medieval Europe, symbolizing fighting, loyalty, justice and glory. Every knight takes chivalry as the criterion and is the embodiment of a hero. When a man has the qualities of a knight, the king will put down his sword and let a young man become a knight. At that time, there were many literary works describing the legendary stories of knights. Don Muhammad, the protagonist in the world famous book Tang Youde, dreamed of becoming a knight all day.
European knights advocate chivalry and have chivalrous virtues. Chivalry refers to "caring for and respecting one's own personality; The generous and brave spirit of sacrificing all strength and even life for the oppressed and the forced; The idealized worship of women is that they are the representatives of love and beauty on the earth and the glory gods of harmony, peace and comfort. In the western cultural tradition, chivalry in the Middle Ages played an extremely important role in shaping the national character of modern Europe. Later, it became a gentleman's demeanor, which formed modern Europeans' emphasis on personal identity and honor, and on manners, etiquette and appearance. Advocating spiritual ideals and respecting women's yearning for romantic temperament; Abide by the spirit of open competition and fair competition. Knights have eight virtues, namely humility, honor, sacrifice, courage, sympathy, honesty, spirit and justice.
There is no doubt that China's chivalrous men naturally have their chivalrous spirit and their chivalrous virtues. However, so far, no one has made a complete summary of the chivalrous spirit and virtue of China people. Personally, I think China's chivalrous spirit is mainly embodied in "benevolence, righteousness and courage". The so-called "benevolence" means benevolence. A benevolent person who loves others is full of love and sympathy for others, especially for the weak. The so-called righteousness means advocating justice and upholding justice. This righteousness is not a buddy's loyalty, but a heartfelt sense of justice. As long as the road is bumpy, I will stand up and help, even if they are not relatives and friends with me, I will seek justice for them. Courage is courage. In order to do justice, we are not afraid of violence or sacredness.
Lu, formerly known as Lu Da, was the legal name after being forced to become a monk. Lu began to appear in the year of Water Margin. He used to be a military attache of Yan' an government, equivalent to the county regiment level. Although he was not a chivalrous man at that time, compared with other Liangshan heroes, he was full of chivalrous spirit and chivalrous virtue. So this is not deliberately raising and belittling other heroes, but telling the truth.
Lu heavily defended Kansai, which is the most wonderful chapter and the most touching act in Water Margin. When he arrived in Weizhou, Lu took the stone into the bar and heard a woman crying. He asked a grievance: his daughter went to Weizhou with her parents to go to relatives, but her mother died of illness, and her father and daughter were reduced to different places. Zheng Da officials took advantage of people's danger and forced people to insist that Jin Cuilian be a concubine; He wrote a document of 3000 yuan, made false promises, and married Jin Cuilian as his concubine. In less than three months, he kicked Jin Cuilian out and asked for the original code of 3000 yuan. Jin's father and daughter didn't dare to be as knowledgeable as him, so they had to go to the restaurant to sing every day and earn a little money, most of which was used to return the pledge. As you can see, Zheng Da doesn't actually pay the old people's pension. He cheated Miss Huang Hua without spending a penny. After playing for three months, he kicked her out again. In the end, he had to recover the false 3000 yuan. It's bloody and cruel to play with other people's daughters in vain and extort a sum of money!
In fact, officials in Zheng Da are not officials, but butchers who sell meat. In the words of my hometown, he killed pigs. A pig slayer, with a few stinky money in his hand, can dominate several local ruffians and hooligans with the power of money. He is actually bullying, bullying men and women, eating fish and arresting people. For chivalrous and fearless people, in the face of such bullying, the first reaction is to speak out. But Shi Jin and Jong Li advised him to ignore it tomorrow, which is actually perfunctory, because they don't mind the humiliation of Kim's father and daughter, and they don't want to get involved in this matter. However, Shen Zhi hates evil, and he has to deal with this meddling. He is not only responsible, but also responsible to the end.
In some people's eyes, Lu is just a "shoot when it's time" fool. In fact, he is a crude and refined, disgusting and kind hero. Before taking action, he made proper arrangements for Kim's father and daughter. First, I gave fifteen taels of silver to my father and daughter for travelling expenses, then I went to the inn where my father and daughter were detained, relieved the bartender from monitoring my father and daughter, and asked my father and daughter to go away before going to the butcher Zheng Theory. What happened after that is familiar to everyone. Lu found Butcher Zheng and deliberately asked him to cut off ten catties of fat meat, ten catties of fine meat and ten catties of cartilage, which made Butcher Zheng angry. Two men got into a fight, and the butcher Zheng was punched three times.
Of course, Lu didn't mean to kill butcher Zheng, just wanted to teach him a lesson. Unexpectedly, his hand was too heavy and three punches were fatal. However, judging from the evil deeds of the butcher Zheng, it is a pity to die. Judging from Lu's assistance to the Jin's father and daughter, he really shines with the brilliance of chivalrous spirit: first, kindness, which shows full concern and sympathy for the poor and weak Jin's father and daughter; Secondly, benevolence and righteousness, although the father and daughter of the Kim family are not relatives and friends with him, he resolutely stepped forward, not only giving generously, but also teaching bullies; Be brave again, no matter how rich and powerful the other person is, never be afraid, dare to attack and take responsibility.
Lu not only saved Jin's father and daughter, but also Liu's father and daughter. This time, it is a typical chivalrous behavior. Lu was wanted by the court for killing people in Kansai town, so he had to lose his official position and flee. On the way, he happened to meet Kim's father and daughter who were saved by him. Introduced by her husband Zhao, she became a monk in manjusri temple, Wutai Mountain. Elder Zhizhen said, "A little light is worth a thousand dollars. Buddhism is vast, and it gives you a name and wisdom. " Lu got his name from this. In Manjusri Hall, Lu didn't'
When Lu went to Suoguo Temple in Tokyo and passed by Taohua Village, he was in trouble again: Liu Taigong's daughter, because of her beauty, was taken away by the bully in Taohua Mountain and forced to give her a bride price, insisting that the Liu family be a son-in-law and marry her off. Although being a shandawang's fake wife can make you hot, good women generally don't want to live with robbers, so Liu Taigong and his daughter disapprove of this marriage from the bottom of their hearts. Faced with the forced adoption of Shan Wang, the father and daughter were helpless.
At the critical moment, he stepped forward again and saved him. This time, however, instead of hitting him, he stripped off his clothes, got into the sales account, pretended to be the bride to be married, and waited for the arrival of the bandit groom. Bully Zhou Tong happily entered the bridal chamber, ready to get in touch with the "bride". He didn't expect a scolding and punching. Zhou Tong was beaten black and blue and shouted for help. Finally, under Liu's mediation, the bully vowed to break his arrow and never seduce Liu's daughter again.
At Suoguo Temple, Lu and Lin Chong hit it off at first sight and became brothers with the same surname.
Lin Chong was framed by Gao Qiu and his son, and he was brave. Although we only met once, he and Lin Chong are as close as flesh and blood and have been guarding him in secret. In the wild pig forest, two workers, adhering to Gao Qiu's will, were ready to kill Lin Chong. Shen Zhi stepped forward and rescued them in time. It can be said that Lin Chong is very lucky to have such an old brother in America.
The defeated soldier later went to Liangshan and became one of the heroes of 108. Lu, speaking out, helping the weak and helping the poor; Zhou Tong, who robbed the bitter girl, was also a Liangshan hero. Why is there such a big gap in life? The answer is that Lu is chivalrous, brave and full of chivalrous spirit, but Zhou is not specific about this spirit. Zhou Tong, even those who are regarded as heroes by the public, such as Wu Song, Yang Zhi and Li Kui jy, lack this spirit.
Wu Song's drunken beating of Jiang Menshen is also a wonderful chapter in Water Margin. In fact, Wu Song's move is mainly to repay the kindness, because the kindness of the father and son not only saved him from being beaten a hundred heads, but also allowed him to enjoy the best treatment in his cell and eat delicious food every day; In Wu Song's view, it is not enough friendship not to work hard for kindness; From the perspective of goodwill, this seems to be a deal, giving Wu Song a small favor, making him feel grateful and fighting for himself. Anyway, Wu Song's fight against Jiang Menshen was not chivalrous, but a river's lake struggle, even a little dark.
Ordinary readers, especially Tokyo residents at that time, mostly applauded Yang Zhi for killing Niu Er. Killing cattle is killing people objectively, but this is not Yang Zhi's original intention. His original intention was to sell his ancestral treasure knife and put some money elsewhere. If someone pays for a knife, he walks away. As it happens, the villain Niu Er wanted to own a treasure knife, but refused to pay for it. Under the pressure of the cow, Yang Zhi had to kill him. This is a helpless move, not a heroic one.
Look at Li Kui jy again. Let's not say that he is killing innocent people here. Let's just say that he is the only one who has anything to do with chivalry. I heard that Di Taigong's house was haunted, and Li Kui jy offered to help others catch ghosts. As a result, she found Dee having an affair with her lover, so she picked up an axe and cut off the heads of a pair of lovers. Mr. and Mrs. Di Taigong were heartbroken. In order to catch ghosts, you should kill someone else's daughter. What heroism is this? Even if somebody else's daughter is having an affair, it's not your turn to execute Li Kui jy! Maybe someone defended Li Kui, saying that he was "doing bad things with good intentions". But this bad thing is too bad. In fact, Li Kui jy has no sympathy for others. He is very different from. One is a murderer and the other is a chivalrous hero.
The elders of Manjusri Shili Temple said that "the heart is right", which can be described as a discerning eye. Although he looks fierce and rude, his heart is upright and full of integrity and compassion. He is a true and pure figure among Liangshan heroes. Perhaps "Water Margin" is out of love or reverence for Lu.
Although Lu has ascended to heaven, his chivalrous spirit endures forever in the world, which is worthy of admiration and study by future generations. Especially in today's urban and rural riffraff, when riffraff openly molests women, and when powerful "riffraff" is rampant and endangering the people, it is even more necessary for people with chivalrous spirit to stand up, be brave in taking responsibility, eliminate violence and uphold justice. This will help to form a social atmosphere of stirring up turbidity and promoting purity, stopping evil and promoting good. In the face of bad guys, if the public remains silent or submit to humiliation, it will only encourage the arrogance of "Niu Er".