Born in a book hall in Qingguo Lane, Changzhou, he entered the family of noble officials. His grandfather Tang Guisheng was a scholar and his father Tang Baosheng was a scholar. He served as a magistrate in Xinyang, Henan Province and Yongzhou, Hunan Province. When he was a child, his father was very strict with him, and he would be beaten if he wrote incorrectly. If he comes home late after going out to play, his mother will often scold him. Shunshun was born with intelligence and great personality, and was the best among his peers. Shunzhi loves reading, and his parents are strict with him. From time to time, he looks for contemporary famous teachers to help him, so he is successful in his studies. At the age of 23 (the eighth year of Jiajing), Tang Shunzhi took part in the triennial examination for entering Beijing and won the first place.
Zhang Cong, the first official in the eighth year of Jiajing, was an official of the Ministry of Rites, and a college student in Wenyuange (the position at that time was equivalent to that of prime minister). He is glad to see that he can recruit talents like Tang Shunzhi, so he wants to use his power to promote Tang Shunzhi to be an official in imperial academy. But I didn't expect that Tang Shunzhi, a scholar who entered the official career, was very cautious in front of officialdom. He politely declined Zhang Cong's experience and cultivation, and went to the Ministry of War step by step. This naturally disappointed Zhang Cong.
After being demoted to Jiajing for 12 years (1533), Tang Shunzhi was transferred to the Hanlin Academy for editing and participated in the school's A Record.
Because he didn't like his examiner Zhang Cong, he asked for leave to go home on the grounds of illness. Zhang Cong began to shelve this matter. At this time, he told Zhang Cong privately, "Tang Shunzhi has been unwilling to work under you and has been alienating you. Why did you keep him! " Zhang Cong thought it was such a thing. He was very angry and thought that Tang Shunzhi was so ungrateful. In a rage, let him go back to his hometown and say that he will never be an official again. It was not until the 18th year of Jiajing (1539) that he was reinstated, but soon Tang Shunzhi made a mistake and even asked for an audience with friends. This is undoubtedly a dangerous signal for the emperor: the emperor is still alive and well, and he can talk to him about something. Nothing to see the prince, what are you doing as a court official? So, Tang Shunzhi was laid off back to Changzhou.
Although Tang Shunzhi left the officialdom, as a responsible intellectual, he decided to retire and concentrate on his studies.
After Tang Shunzhi returned to his hometown, he began to live in Yixing mountain area. Later, he felt that he could not live without the hustle and bustle of the city, so he moved to the more secluded Chenduzhuang. He shut the door and refused to receive visitors. He devoted his time and energy to the study of the Six Classics, the history of the ancient philosophers and the laws and regulations of past dynasties. He really pays attention to sleepless nights. In these days away from officialdom, he also learned archery, arithmetic, astronomy, mountain geography, art of war and even military tactics. For example, at the age of 367, he learned marksmanship from Song Yang, a native of Henan. In literature and art, there are also many experts and scholars to discuss their own knowledge and exchange needed goods. At that time, even the emperors of the Ming Dynasty were followers of Taoism. Perhaps it was the social fashion at that time, and Shunzhi and Taoism often had contacts. "Dismissal from office" is equivalent to dismissal from public office, which can be regarded as a major turning point in Tang Shunzhi's life.
He lives in a humble hut outside the city and sleeps on the door panel at night.
Shunshun's daily wear is extremely simple, and she often wears linen clothes that have been worn for more than ten years. In Jiangnan water town, traffic is often by boat, and he goes in and out by boat with ordinary villagers. No one on the same boat knows who he is. Some verbal attacks, insults and even bullying him in action don't care about others, let alone expose their identity as intellectuals or officials. He strictly demands himself not to have a stove in winter all his life; There is no fan in summer; Go out without a sedan chair; There is no double mattress on the bed; Make only one cloth a year; You can only eat meat once a month. He will use this bitter way to get rid of the temptation of all kinds of material desires and treat the objective world calmly and correctly. At that time, Japan was in the "Warring States" era (1467- 1573), and the defeated soldiers in the Japanese civil war gathered warriors, ronin and profiteers to plunder the southeast coast of China, which was called "the enemy" in history. At that time, the main reason for the serious Japanese invasion was that China's giants and pirates colluded with Japanese pirates. In order to reap huge profits, the "big armour, maritime merchants" and "the most famous in Zhejiang and Fujian" all over the coast smuggled on a large scale, ganged up in groups and divided berths. Later, they proved to be businessmen and thieves and plunderers. When Emperor Jiajing learned the news, he immediately sent Zhao Wenhua to find out.
Zhao Wenhua, who returned to the imperial court to resist Japanese aggression, got the imperial edict and immediately thought of Tang Shunzhi, who stayed at home and studied. He knows that this man is very talented, not only knowledgeable, but also ambitious to rule the country and level the world. He is also familiar with the army and once served in the Ministry of War. According to records, at that time, there were more than 50 memorials recommending Tang Shunzhi to go out of the mountain.
The pirates who endanger the major cities in the southeast coast are not thieves in groups of three or five, but armed forces with forces equivalent to three or five divisions of the modern army. Therefore, Suzhou, Songjiang, Ningbo and Taizhou were all ravaged by them, and the horror was as cruel as the modern Japanese invaders! Unfortunately, this situation has been going on for five or six years, but it has not been solved. Faced with this reality, Tang Shunzhi was so angry that he couldn't eat. What is particularly outrageous is that he once witnessed the Japanese stabbing our baby with bayonets as a pastime in Suzhou. Tang Shunzhi was saddened by this incident and determined to fight the Japanese to the end. So he decided to put down his books for the people.
After Tang Shunzhi returned to the Ministry of War, he first went to the training base town near the capital, worked out a plan to rectify this army, which was unable to resist foreign aggression, and then consulted with Governor Hu Zongxian to ask for a thief to guard against the enemy. He advocated intercepting enemy warships at sea and preventing the enemy from landing, because the enemy landed on land, and our lives and property in rural Lushe were bound to suffer huge losses. But at that time, the teams assigned to schools were all afraid of naval battles and even water! So they
Often because of various objective reasons, they are afraid to go out in the harbor of inland rivers, which provides pirates from the sea with the opportunity to land. When they come, they can rob and leave at will. Seeing the people suffering from this, I often frown and sigh, saying that an accident to the people is equivalent to gouging out my flesh with a knife. How can I comfort the dead people? So he decided to go into the sea and experience life at sea himself. He sailed from Jiangying Yutong, Jiangsu Province to Jiaomenyang, and walked six or seven hundred miles a day and night, and the people who followed him were stormy. Still vomiting, but Shunzhi himself is high-spirited and calm. He caught the generals hiding in the harbor on the sea in the winter night when the sea breeze roared and the waves were stormy. Under severe punishment, these generals who were paid but were afraid of death and eager for ease worked hard. I often thought that Tang Shunzhi's ship was coming, because I saw the sails, so I quickly rectified the military situation and did not dare to slack off. Because the Japanese knew that the Ming army could not compete with it and could plunder in major cities along the southeast coast for five or six years at will, they simply set up a base camp in Chongming near Shanghai.
Tang Shunzhi led the fleet to the three pieces of sand moored by the Japanese in the lonely ocean, fought a sea battle, won a total victory, wiped out the Japanese 120 people, sank the warships 13, and seized countless trophies. This is a rare victory for Japanese pirates at sea.
Later, the enemy invaded Jiangbei, and Tang Shunzhi led Liu Xianchi, the deputy commander, to defeat the enemy. Sansha was in a hurry again, and Tang Shunzhi hurried back to the knife and pranced forward, making the enemy see that the army was orderly and afraid to fight again.
Tang Shunzhi died of illness, because he had been fighting against Japan for many years. One summer, he lived at sea for several months. Unfortunately, he was ill, but he still walked across the sea with his illness. He died in April (1April 25, 560) on a ship from Shen Bing to Tongzhou, at the age of 54.
On the one hand, literary attainments advocate paying more attention to the literary traditions of the Three Dynasties and the Han Dynasty, while affirming the inheritance and development of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
It is suggested to learn from the "intricate opening method of vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude" in Tang and Song Dynasties. In Wenbian, he not only selected Qin and Han languages such as Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu and Historical Records, but also selected a large number of Tang and Song languages, and gradually established the historical position of "eight masters of Tang and Song". On the other hand, Tang Shunzhi also proposed that poetry creation should be "intentional and sincere", learn from Tang and Song Dynasties, and "express oneself". We should have "true spirit" and "eternal and indelible views". And compare Tao Yuanming, who has never compared temperament and carved sentences, with Shen Yue, who has the hardest heart and the strictest speech. It is said that the former's works are "first-class good poems" and the latter's works are "inevitably inferior". Tang Shunzhi's above viewpoint was fully revealed in his later famous book "The Book of Rumen Magistrate", and his tendency of anti-imitation and plagiarism was very clear and strong, calling for an article "like a proverb, when you open your mouth, you can see its throat". Style Tang Shunzhi's articles put his own ideas into practice. The style of writing is simple and elegant, clear and profound, and occasionally spoken, not bound by form.
For example, The New Rescue of Zhao, based on the country, refutes saving people with private justice. "Strict words, just words and strict sentences" are in-depth and interlocking, such as arguing with each other, and the structure is accurate in one go. "History of Ming Dynasty" said that Tang Shunzhi's articles were "full of shame, but not enough pleasure". As far as this article is concerned, it is not too flattering. His narrative prose "The Story of Ren Guanglu's Zhuxi" should have been written about the garden, focusing on the origin of the garden name and praising the virtue of bamboo's "being alone, seemingly irreconcilable with vulgarity". The writing is fresh and smooth, unique and novel. Most of Tang Shunzhi's other narrative essays are narrated and discussed. Often choose a point from the narrative and extend it. Feelings fly far away, and philosophy is contained in it, which is natural and profound. For example, this feature can be seen in the records of the Western Regions Cottage, Three Records of Qin Dynasty and Yongjia Hutchison. Tang Shunzhi has not completely got rid of the shackles of the theory of retro-ism, and he is learning from the Tang and Song Dynasties. In some of his articles, there is also the influence of stereotyped writing, which is one of its shortcomings. Tang Shunzhi and other scholars in the Tang and Song Dynasties played a pioneering role in the public security school that later shook the hegemony of the seven scholars in the literary world. Of course, the literary concepts of the Tang and Song schools and the Public Security School are incompatible. Poetry 1, Tomb of the King of Yue 2, 18 poems for assistant minister Weng Dongya.
3. Ode to oleander
Tang Shunzhi's extant works include Collected Works of Mr. Jingchuan, with a total of 65,438+07 volumes, including 65,438+03 volumes in Chinese and 4 volumes in poetry. The article consists of 64 volumes. It is a collection of articles from Zhou to Song, compiled separately, and selected a large number of articles from Tang and Song. Tang Shunzhi's other works include: 40 volumes in Right Edition, 24 volumes in History Edition, 2 volumes in Han Edition to dispel doubts, 2 volumes in Wu Edition, 2 volumes in Nanbei Collection, 20 volumes in Jingchuan Edition, and 0/20 volumes in Wu Edition. The Collection of Tang Shunzhi compiled by Lin Shu in modern times is a well-known anthology of Tang Shunzhi. Mathematical Achievements Tang Shunzhi is familiar with the "technique of * * *" in mathematics handed down from Yuan Dynasty, and is proficient in vector pi, and has written An Introduction to Pythagoras Arc and Six Theories on Pythagoras. He is good at abacus calculation and is considered to be an expert in abacus calculation in Ming Dynasty.
Anecdotal allusion Tang Shunzhi, an assassin who threw a pen to kill people, killed the enemy in the battle, because he used his troops like gods, and his team beat the enemy out of the water. When the enemy heard about Tang Shunzhi, he was scared out of his wits. The leader of the enemy also hates Tang Shunzhi. So he hired a killer to murder Tang Shunzhi. One night, Tang Shunzhi was waving a candle, and suddenly he felt a candlelight flash across the table. He looked up and saw a man in a tight black suit with a sharp knife standing in front of him. "Assassin", an idea flashed through Jingchuan's mind. "Bad guys come, good people don't come." I have to be careful. He smiled and said to the man in black, "Who are you? Why did you come late at night? " "Tang Shunzhi, you don't have to ask who I am. I'm here to take your life today!" "In that case, well, I'll teach you this word after I finish writing it, okay?"
When the assassin saw it, Tang Shunzhi was holding a brush and flying like a dragon and a phoenix. I thought to myself: People say that Tang Shunzhi is good at studying and writing, so today I saw him writing with my own eyes. This is fate. Anyway, his life is in my hands. So he said to Tang Shunzhi:
"If you are a scholar, let you live a little longer and finish this word!" Having said that, the assassin's blade was aimed at his neck.
Tang Shunzhi smiled, carrying a bucket full of pens dipped in thick ink and still dancing. Just as the assassin was fascinated, suddenly, Mr. Jingchuan threw the pen into the assassin's throat like lightning. "Ah ..." Before the assassin could say "Ah", he fell back and his sharp knife fell to the brick floor with a clang. It turned out that Mr. Jingchuan delivered all his strength to this pen tip, and a slight throw was a critical force. How can an assassin's throat stand it? There is blood and ink all over the floor. Tang Shunzhi called his family calmly, quietly carried the assassin to the backyard and buried him. Since then, he has been more vigilant.
Mr. Tang Shunzhi, with golden head and jade arm, has been very vigilant since the assassin came to assassinate him. He learned that the enemy hated him, so after years of fighting, he became more heavily guarded. At the age of 54, he was a beggar in Jiangbei. His old illness recurred and became more and more serious. Knowing that he was going to die in a foreign land, he called his son Crane to the bed: "It seems that Dad is going to die soon. I think even if I die, the thief will get back at me. Therefore, you must keep my coffin secret and don't let outsiders know. " "Dad, don't worry, the child will be extra careful." Crane sign agreed with tears in his eyes.
A few days later, Tang Shunzhi died and his body was transported back to Changzhou. He Zheng thought that his father had made many friends before his death, and people couldn't turn him away when they came to pay their respects, but there were so many people. If his father's body is damaged due to negligence, how can he be worthy of his dead father? So I figured out a way to make four identical coffins and wake up in four places at the same time. The coffin containing Tang Shunzhi's body was placed in his small house in Dongxiatang, guarded by a capable family member, but kept by another fake coffin to receive ordinary guests. At the same time, there are mixed songs everywhere, ready to wait for a comprehensive funeral and burial.
One morning, I only heard the host report: "A distant guest has come to offer condolences!" " "I saw a scholar-like man with a sad face, and a slave came in with a sacrifice. He Zheng thought the stranger looked strange and asked, "What's your guest's name? Where did it come from? "After learning his name, the scholar said," Mr. Jingchuan is my great benefactor. Hearing the bad news, I came from Dantu overnight with sacrifices. "Say don't cry. Seeing his sincere face, he kept saying that Mr. Jingchuan was his great benefactor, and it was a great pity to see him come here with sacrifice all the way. It seems that this man is dressed as a scholar and has a gentle manner. He is by no means a gangster I think it is unreasonable if the bearer is so sincere that he is not allowed to hang a glass of wine in front of his father's coffin. So he ordered his family to take the two men to the mourning house in Dongxiatang to pay homage. I came later.
Besides, when the man arrived at Dongxiatang Mansion, although people here were not crowded, it was another kind of sad atmosphere, and it was estimated that Tang Shunzhi's body was there. So I cried all the way in, my family arranged sacrifices, and the scholar knelt down to pay homage. The scholar kowtowed once and kowtowed twice.
The third time I kowtowed, I heard a loud click in the coffin. The scholar stood up and left with his family. At this time, the crane brand has just arrived and can't stay again and again. After the scholar left, his family said to Tang Gongzi, "Gongzi, when the guests kowtowed just now, I heard a click in the coffin, which made my hair stand on end." I'm afraid things are a bit awkward. " He Zheng said, "I just arrived, and I seem to hear this voice. Don't have any problems. " When they approached Lingshu, they saw a crack in the coffin lid, which obviously had an accident. Hurriedly raised the coffin and saw that Mr. Jingchuan's head and one arm had disappeared. When the crane saw this, he knew that the bearer was a gangster, and he was fooled when he thought that he regretted forgetting my father's will, and his bones were not complete. What to do ... He couldn't help crying at the thought, which shocked his family, relatives and friends. Everyone speculated that the enemy must have sent someone to retaliate. "What should I do? Mr. Tang Shunzhi, who is a thief for the country and the people, cannot be buried in a different place! " So someone suggested casting a golden head and carving a white jade arm to wear on Mr. Jingchuan's body, so that he could be buried. This is also a commemoration of this national hero by future generations. So the legend of golden head and jade arm has been passed down to this day.
Later generations commented that Tang Shunzhi was knowledgeable and studied astronomy, geography, mathematics, calendar, art of war and music. Tang Shunzhi's literature advocates being influenced by the first seven scholars in his early years, flaunting Qin and Han Dynasties, and agrees that "literature must be in Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in Tang Dynasty". After middle age, under the influence of Wang, he noticed the disadvantages of the seven-poem, especially the prose. Qizi copied the antique people and pretended to swear. Therefore, he abandoned the old ideas, publicly expressed his dissatisfaction with the seven schools' archaization, and put forward the idea of "following the words" instead of learning from the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was an important essayist in the middle of Ming Dynasty. Wang, Mao Kun and Gui Youguang are the representatives of important literary schools in Ming Dynasty in Tang and Song Dynasties.