Chinese name:? Qi Baishi?
Again? Name:? Junzhi?
Sex? No: Male?
People? Family:? Han?
Healthy? Pawn year:? 1863~ 1957?
Country? No: China?
Officially publish novels, poems and literary works: Borrow mountains to sing pavilions? Stealing a peach garden? Liu' an Shuangniu map? Shrimp?
Life profile?
Qi Baishi (1863 ~ 1957) is a modern painter and seal engraver in China, China. Formerly known as Chunzhi, later named Huang, the word Wei Qing, also known as Lanting, was born in danger, with nicknames Baishishan, Jiyuan, Jiping, Pingtang owner, Laoping, Pingweng, Magic Fairy Slave, Mujushi, LaoMu Yi, Sanbaishiyin rich man, Xingziwu old man, and Xingtang owner. ?
Life?
1863 (two years of Tongzhi in Qing dynasty)165438+1was born in xingdoutang, xingziwu, Xiangtan county, Hunan province on October 22nd. My father and mother Zhou are both farmers. Qi Baishi studied with his grandfather Zhou Yuruo when he was 8 years old. 1 year later, he dropped out of school because of his poor family, and herded cattle and cut firewood at home. He likes painting, and often paints people, flowers and animals with red paper. /kloc-after the age of 0/5, he successively worshipped fellow villagers Qi Xianyou and Zhou Zhimei as carpenters, first as carpenters, then as joiners, and was good at carving flowers, making him famous in the countryside. When I was 2 1 year-old, I got a picture of the mustard garden, painted by a pine oil lamp, and I experienced painting for the first time. In addition to carving flowers, I also painted statues of the jade emperor, the old gentleman, the god of wealth, the Vulcan, the kitchen god, the dragon king and so on. 1888, Xiao Chuanxin, a painter from Xiangtan Paper Industry, studied under the portrait study. Later, he met another portrait painter, Wen Shaoke, through Xiao's introduction and got his guidance. The following year, I worshipped Xiangtan celebrities Hu Zikai and Chen Zuokui as teachers, studied meticulous flowers, birds, insects and fish from Hu Zikai and studied poetry from Chen Zuokui. From then on, he made a living by painting portraits, nave and canopies, sleeves, shoes, etc. He stopped being a carpenter and became a professional painter. 1890 ~ 190 1 year, Qi Baishi made a living by selling paintings, and studied Tang poetry, Mencius, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and other novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the age of 70, he wrote a poem "The Past Reminds the Child": "The village book has no corner, it is too late. In 27 years, there was a teacher. If there is no oil in the lamp, what harm will it do? I will read Tang poetry by myself. " During this period, in addition to painting portraits, he also painted landscape figures, flowers, birds, insects and fish, especially ladies, which was called Qi. 1894, Qi Baishi and seven fellow villagers, including Luo Zhenwu, Luo, Chen Fugen, Tan Ziquan and Hu, formed Longshan Poetry Society. Because he is the oldest, he often meets to write poems, so he is called "the seven sons of Longshan". His poems are not good at using allusions and rhythms, and naturally he wins by expressing temperament and singing skills. At the same time, he also studied calligraphy with Hu and others, focusing on the integration of He, and wrote Zhong Ding Zhuanli. /kloc-began to learn seal cutting in 0/896, and studied under Ding Longhong and Huang. He and Li are the earliest printing friends. They often live in Li's guest room grinding stones, grasping knives and learning printing. 1899, Zhang Zhongyu introduced the famous Xiangtan poet Wang Xiangqi as his teacher. /kloc-in 0/900, he used the money from selling paintings to live in Meigong Temple near Xingdoutang, and built a new study called Borrowing Mountain Pavilion. This year alone, he wrote hundreds of poems in the pavilion. This is a transitional period of two centuries. Qi Baishi's poetry and painting seal cutting gradually became famous, from a woodcarving carpenter and a folk painter to an artist with literati cultivation. ?
1902, Qi Baishi ended the days when he only wanted to "support his wife" and "didn't want to travel far" and began to travel far. On June+10 in 5438, I went to Xi 'an in the summer afternoon at the invitation of my fellow villagers to paint landscapes all the way. Among them, Looking at the Sun in Dongting and Melissa Zhou at Baqiao were included in Singing Pavilion through the Mountain. After staying in Xi 'an for three months, Xia Wuyi and I went to Beijing and visited Huayin and Hongnongjian on the way. Fan Fanshan, a famous poet in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, was willing to recommend Qi Baishi as an imperial sacrifice to Empress Dowager Cixi, and Xia Wuyi was willing to donate a county magistrate for him, but he declined. 1903 returned to China at the turn of spring and summer via Tianjin, Shanghai and Hankou. From spring to autumn the following year, I traveled with Wang Xiangqi and Zhang to Nanchang, Jiujiang and Lushan. 1In July, 905, Wang Songnian, a scholar from Guangxi, invited him to visit Guilin. In the following spring, he went to stay with Guo Baosheng, a fellow countryman in Qinzhou, Guangdong Province, and copied all the original works of Xu Wei, Zhu Da and Jin Nong collected by Guo Baosheng, and returned to China in the autumn of. 1907, at the invitation of Guo Baosheng, he went to Qinzhou, Guangdong Province again to teach Mrs. Guo to paint and write for Guo. He visited Zhaoqing, Duan Xi and Dongxing successively, and wrote "A Passer-by in the Sky" (earning a mountain map), and returned to Xiangtan at the end of the year. 1908, the poet friend Luo invited him to Guangzhou, and he still made a living by selling paintings and engraving books. Luo is a revolutionary of the League, and Qi Baishi once sent him secret documents. I returned to China that autumn, went to Guangzhou and Qinzhou at the end of winter, and returned to China the following summer via Hong Kong, Shanghai, Suzhou and Nanjing. The seven-year trip greatly broadened Qi Baishi's horizons, enriched his visual world and inner world, saw many famous traditional paintings and met many celebrities and artists. He gradually turned from meticulous brushwork to freehand brushwork, and calligraphy also turned from writing He Ji Shao to "() Longyan Monument"; Seal cutting has also changed from learning from Ding Longhong and Huang to imitating Zhao. As he summed up in his self-report, traveling abroad has become "a major hub for changing one's style". ?
19 10, Qi Baishi repainted the landscape paintings he had traveled and compiled them into "Borrowing Mountains", a total of 52, and then painted them into "Twenty-four Scenes of Shimen". Until 19 16, I lived at home and wanted to live and work in peace and contentment and sell paintings. However, after years of chaos, Qi Baishi came to Beijing at the invitation of Fan Fanshan to sell paintings for a living. Since then, he has made acquaintance with Beijing painters such as Ling, Wang, Li Shu, Lin Fengmian, He Lu Zhi and Hu, especially with them. At that time, Qi Baishi's paintings were close to Zhu Da's seclusion and were unpopular with Beijingers. Chen Shiceng advised him to come up with new ideas, so Qi Baishi began the "twilight reform". 1922, Chen Shiceng went to Japan to exhibit Qi Baishi's novels, poems and literary works, which was the first time that Qi Baishi was introduced abroad. 1927, the president of Beiping Art College asked Qi Baishi to be a professor of Chinese painting. The following year, he published "Poetry and Grass Borrowed from Mountain Pavilion". 1933 printed version of poem grass of Baishi, and poem grass of borrowing mountain pavilion did not select all the poems selected in the book. It has been printed three times so far this year, and it was not until 1934 that he claimed to be "the millionaire of 300 lithographs". During 1936, he visited Chongqing, Neijiang, Chengdu, Qingcheng and Emei in Sichuan, and met Huang and Jin Songcen, whom he had not seen for many years. Qi Baishi, who lives in Beijing, is famous for painting flowers, birds, insects and fish, and rarely makes landscapes. However, if you do, you will take measures repeatedly and will not fall into the previous model. 1932, thanks to the famous writer who inscribed poems on the white stone, he drew the lecture map of Lianchi, the pagoda of Jiangshan Wan Li, the pagoda of Deng Ming's rainy night, and the poem map of Yin Guantan in Liaodong, all of which were made by heart. ?
1937 After the "July 7th Incident", Qi Baishi resigned from all teaching posts and stayed at home behind closed doors. The next year, he painted "Super Scenery of Architecture". 1939, in order to refuse the Japanese puppet leaders' pestering for paintings, a note was posted on the gate: "The old man Baishi had a heart attack and stopped seeing visitors", "It's ominous to steal paintings if you don't sell them to the government", "Never lower the painting price, never eat in a restaurant, never take pictures" and "No reward will be given to translators from outsiders". 1944, he stopped selling paintings, and expressed that he would rather starve than flatter the wicked and ugly people with the poem "Long life and never die, shame as a thief, not ugliness as a glutton". This year, he wrote many poems to express his anger at the national subjugation. For example, "Hu Lengan (Hu) Landscape Volume": "I feel sorry for your thoughts and books, and I am broken. I have repeatedly shed tears under the lamp, but China does not have this whole piece of mountains and rivers "; "Rat Map": "Rat, rat, how many! What a fuss! Bite my fruit and peel my millet. Candle () lights fail, and winter becomes five drums. " 1March 945 book "self-elegiac couplet": "There are famous paintings in the world, how can you be a loyal minister and a dutiful son; There is no evil in the world, and I am not afraid of horse faces. " From 65438 to 0946, Qi Baishi's art exhibition was held in Nanjing and Shanghai. 195 1 year participated in the charity sale exhibition to resist US aggression and aid Korea. Draw a dove of peace with the title "May everyone in the world be such a bird". The following year, he was hired as honorary professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and made "Flower of Peace and Dove of Peace" as a gift to the Asia-Pacific Peace Conference. Elected as a member of the presidium of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. 1953 65438+1On October 7th, Qi Baishi was awarded the honorary certificate of "People's Artist" by the Ministry of Culture. In the same year, Xu Beihong died, and Qi Baishi was elected as the chairman of China Artists Association after Xu Beihong. For Lao She, "Frog sounds ten miles out of the mountain spring". 1953 was promoted to chairman of Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association. The following year, Qi Baishi's painting exhibition was held in Beijing, and he was elected as the representative of the 1 th National People's Congress. 1955 was awarded the honorary certificate of exchange academician of the German Democratic Republic Art Institute. Together with Chen Banding, Wei Fei and other 14 painters, he created a huge Ode to Peace, dedicated to the World Peace Conference held in Helsinki, Finland. 1956 was awarded the 1955 International Peace Prize by the World Peace Council. Zhou Enlai, Guo Moruo and Mao Dun attended the award ceremony. 1957, Honorary Dean of Beijing China Painting Academy (see Beijing Painting Academy), died in Beijing on September 6 of the same year. ?
Artistic achievements and writings? Qi Baishi's art can be divided into five stages: ① he was a folk sculptor before the age of 27, influenced by folk art and folk aesthetic concepts; (2) 27-40 years old, engaged in folk portraits and folk crafts, and at the same time comprehensively studied literati painting to improve the self-cultivation stage of poetry, calligraphy and painting; ③ At the age of 40 ~ 50, at the stage of traveling around as a literati painter, observing extensively and making friends with people from all walks of life, the painting style gradually changed from meticulous painting to freehand brushwork; ④ 55-65 years old, settled in Beijing, accepted Chen Shiceng's advice and painstakingly "failed in political reform"; ⑤ 65 ~ 94 years old is the peak of painting creation, and art is in the realm of transformation.