Shandong, as the name of a geographical region, originated in the Warring States Period. At that time, the Qin people called the area east of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan "Shandong", which was a geographical term. Among the Seven Heroes in the Warring States, except Qin, the six countries, namely, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Qi, Chu and Yan, were all located in the east of Song and Han Dynasties, so they were also called "Six Countries in Shandong", and in the Tang Dynasty they were also called Shandong gentry. Shandong province refers to the east of Taihang Mountain, which began in Ming Dynasty, and the two cannot be confused.
The mountains in the middle of Shandong are raised, with low-lying and flat southwest and northwest, and gentle hills in the east. The terrain is dominated by mountains and hills, with Shandong Peninsula in the east, North China Plain in the west and north, and mountains and hills in the south-central part, forming a landform with mountains and hills as the skeleton and alternating plains and basins, including mountains, hills, platforms, basins, plains and lakes. It spans five major water systems: Huaihe River, Yellow River, Haihe River, Xiaoqing River and Jiaodong. It belongs to warm temperate monsoon climate.
geographical environment
Shandong Province is endowed with unique natural endowments, with a mountainous area of 22,726.80 square kilometers, accounting for 14.59% of the province's area, a water surface area of 6,988.92 square kilometers, accounting for 4.49% of the province's area, and a woodland area of 24,894.46 square kilometers, accounting for 15.98% of the province's area. The cultivated land area is 83,845.42 square kilometers, accounting for 53.82% of the province's area; Lake area 1348.55 square kilometers, accounting for 0.87% of the province.
The main mountains in the territory are concentrated in the mountainous areas of central and southern Shandong and the hilly areas of Jiaodong. It belongs to the mountainous area of central and southern Shandong, and is mainly composed of gneiss and granite gneiss. It belongs to the hilly area of Jiaodong and consists of granite. Mount Tai, Mengshan, Laoshan, Lushan, Yi Mountain, Culai Mountain, Kunyu Mountain, Jiuding Mountain and Daze Mountain have an absolute height of over 700 meters and an area of over 150 square kilometers.