In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, (Chen) surrendered to the Sui Dynasty and was called the King of Yue.

Li Yu, the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and his father Li Jing were both governors of the later Zhou Dynasty, claiming to be the rulers of the south of the Yangtze River.

Someone said above: The founding emperor of Xixia period was given the surname of Zhao, but failed to claim the title of emperor again, so he could not be regarded as a monarch.