Cricket (Xi Shuai) (Gryllululus invertebrates, Insecta, Orthoptera, Cricket Family. A promoter, commonly known as cricket in northern China. About 2500 species are known in the world, and about 150 species are known in China, including 50 species in Taiwan Province province. (In addition, the data here is debatable: there are more than 400 names of/kloc-0 in the world, and there are more than 30 in China. ) Several pests are dry crops. Most crickets are small and medium-sized, and a few are large. Tan to dark brown. The head is round, the chest is wide, and the filiform antenna is slender and easy to break. Chewing mouthparts. Some jaws are developed, which is worse than biting a bucket. The forefoot and midfoot are similar and have the same length; Developed hind feet, good at jumping; The tail and beard are longer. The lateral side of the auditory organ on the tibiofibular joint of the forefoot is larger than the medial side. Men like singing, fighting and killing each other. There is a sounder on the front wing of the male insect, which consists of a scraper on the wing vein, a friction vein and a sounder. The front wing is lifted and rubbed left and right, thus vibrating the pronunciation mirror and making a tone. The female body is larger, the needle-shaped or spear-shaped ovipositor is exposed, and the wings are small.
Crickets dig holes and usually live on the ground, under bricks and stones, in soil holes and in grass. Go out at night. Omnivorous, eating all kinds of crops, saplings, vegetables and fruits. Some behaviors of crickets can be induced by specific external stimuli. When fighting cricket, if the whiskers of male cricket are stimulated with soft hair, they will be encouraged to pounce on their opponents and work hard; If you touch its tail hair, it will arouse its disgust. Kick it back with the tibiofibular joint of the hind foot to show resistance.
Common crickets (such as Beijing oil gourd) have one generation a year and overwinter in the soil with eggs. Egg production per unit area is produced in fields with many weeds and plenty of sunshine, graves and soil beside haystacks. The male built a cave and lived with the female. I like living in a cool, relaxed and humid environment. When insect populations are too dense, they tend to kill each other. In Guangxi, the generation of peanut cricket is 1. The nymph overwinters in the soil cave and is unearthed in March-April of the following year, which is harmful to peanut seedlings. At the beginning of June, it appeared as an adult and continued to do harm. 1 1 mid-to-late October, nymphs began to overwinter. The caves of adults and nymphs are as deep as 0.6 meters or even deeper. The newly built cave is very simple, with only one escape hole. Before laying eggs, add 3 ~ 5 branches for laying eggs, go out to look for tender stems, leaves and seeds of peanuts, and transport them back to caves for storage to feed newly hatched nymphs. The newly hatched nymphs live in groups, so they will go out for food and dig their own holes in a few days.
Crickets are important agricultural pests in Northeast China, North China, Lower Yangtze River and South China. They harm the roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds of various crops, especially seedlings. In the south, peanut mole cricket destroyed peanut seedlings 10% ~ 30%, and also harmed corn, jute, tobacco, cotton, soybean and cassava, which often caused seedling shortage and affected harvest.
Common crickets are:
China cricket. It is about 2 cm long and dark brown. One generation 1 occurs every year, and overwinters as eggs in the soil. The male vocalizer is close to the base of the front wing and produces sound through wing friction. The auditory organ is located in the tibial joint segment of the forefoot. Burrowing, which often moves underground, on the ground or in cracks in masonry, harms the roots, stems, leaves, seeds and fruits of plants, instead of feeding at night, biting the tender parts of plants on the ground, leading to seedling shortage, is an agricultural pest.
Loxoblemmus doenitzi has a flat head, a flat front end, leaning forward, and the male head obviously protrudes to both sides;
The oil gourd (Gryllus testaceus) is dark and shiny, with yellow stripes on the upper and inner parts of two compound eyes, extending to the back of the head. The front wings are light brown and shiny, and the rear wings are developed. The female ovipositor is 2 cm long. Feeding at night, adults and nymphs harm crops such as soybeans, sorghum, peanuts, melons and vegetables. China has many provinces.
Crickets are withdrawn and generally live independently. They are never allowed to live with other crickets (males also live with another female when mating), so they can't tolerate each other. Once they meet, they will fight.
Crickets are famous for their caution. In the cricket family, male and female crickets did not achieve "a hundred years of good cooperation" through "free love". Which male cricket is brave and aggressive and defeats other members of the same sex, then it gains the possession of the female cricket, so polygamy is very common in the cricket family. Of course, from the perspective of biological evolution, this is also natural selection, and the survival of the fittest is conducive to the healthy reproduction of the children and grandchildren of the cricket family. Besides, crickets are also famous for their singing. Different tones and frequencies can express different meanings. The loud and long-paced chirping of crickets at night is not only a warning to other sexes: this is my territory, don't invade it! At the same time, he appealed to the opposite sex: "I am here, come on!" When someone of the same sex intrudes unappreciative, it will sing with dignity and urgency to show a solemn warning. If the "last course" fails, then a murderous battle will begin, seizing the territory and defending the leader. Two crickets will get rid of their fangs, kick their legs and flap their wings, and fight together, as fierce as the worst hand-to-hand combat between the two countries in ancient times.
Crickets are almost widely distributed all over the country, and there are more provinces south of the Yellow River. It likes to inhabit hillsides, fields, stone piles and grasslands with slightly wet soil.
This insect usually begins to sing in August in summer, and it usually sings best in the wild at 20 degrees, and stops singing when the climate turns cold in the late period of 10. It occurs every year 1 generation, spawning in soil and overwintering with eggs.
When a male meets a female, his chirping can be changed into "chirp, chirp", and when mating, he makes a trembling "chirp …" sound.
Male insects are aggressive. When two male insects meet, they first sing with their vertical wings to gain prestige, and then head to head, like pliers, open their jaws and bite each other and kick them around with their feet. They can often roll back and forth for 3-5 rounds. Then, the losing side escaped silently, and the winning side held its wings high and rang proudly, looking very proud.
Crickets have been raised by people since ancient times because they can sing and play well. According to records, family rearing of crickets in China began in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, people, whether North Korean officials or ordinary people, liked to bring their "treasures" in their spare time and get together to compete. According to research, cricket is an ancient insect with a history of at least 65.438+0.4 billion years.
Every quiet summer night, there will be bursts of crisp and pleasant chirping in the grass. Listen, the cricket is going to have another concert! The cricket's beautiful song comes not from its good voice, but from its wings. If you look closely, you will find that crickets are constantly shaking their wings. Is it flapping its wings and flying Of course not. Wings are its vocal organs. The cricket has a short thorn like a file on its right wing and a hard thorn like a knife on its left wing. The left and right wings are folded and rubbed against each other. You can make a pleasant sound by flapping your wings. Every breeding season, male crickets will flap their wings harder and find a mate with beautiful songs. Among them, the king of songs is a long-jawed cricket. The body length can reach about 20 mm and the antenna length is about 35 mm. Because of the two big teeth protruding forward, it is named long jaw cricket, commonly known as Alex.
Crickets are not only good at singing, but also aggressive. The fighting frame is a contest between male crickets. When crickets meet, they use tentacles to distinguish each other. When two males meet, they will inevitably show two big teeth and compete with each other. The meeting between a man and a woman is another scene. Two crickets will be tender and affectionate, showing their admiration for each other.
In ancient times, recreational cricket matches were usually played in clay or magnetic cricket pots. When two males meet, a fierce battle begins. First, flap your wings violently, one is to cheer yourself up, the other is to destroy your opponent's prestige, and then grin and start a duel. Overhead, kicking, rolling long tentacles, constantly rotating the body, looking for a favorable position, bravely culling. After several rounds, the weak became dejected and defeated, and the winner held his head high and asked his master for a reward. The most effective is the cricket's ink pipa, which is called the blackhead general by the people. A good cricket who can sing and fight will not only become the glory of cricket fighters, but also become the king of cricket kingdom. However, when playing cricket, you must be careful not to be discouraged.
4.[ Chinese herbal medicine]
Also known as cricket, nightingale, general worm, autumn worm and cockfighting.
This paper briefly introduces crickets, an insect of Cricket Family, in order to dry all drugs. Catch in summer and autumn, blanch in boiling water and dry in the sun.
Sexual taste and channel tropism: pungent, salty and warm. Toxic.
Indications: diuresis for removing blood stasis. Used for edema, dysuria, urinary calculi, ascites due to liver cirrhosis.
Usage and dosage: 2 ~ 6 pills, decocted in water or baked and ground.
Pay attention to physical weakness and taboos for pregnant women.
Remarks: (1) A species of cricket produced in Northeast China is Seapsipedu aspersus Walker, and another species of coffin-headed cricket, loxoblemus Doenitzistein, is also used as medicine in different areas.