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Brief Introduction of Lin Chi-ling, Song Qinzong and Zhao Huan Zhao Huan, the last emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, was too weak.
Song Qinzong, formerly known as Zhao Xu, is also known as Zhao Xuan. He was the last emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty and the eldest son of Xu Huixin, Song Huizong. Born on April 13th, three years, Jin Xuanhe invaded South China in December 7th, and Zen ascended the throne, reigning for 1 year and 2 months. He is indecisive, capricious and lacks judgment on political issues. During the Kang Dynasty, he was captured by Jin people and went north. In the 26th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, he died in Yanjing at the age of 57 and was buried in Yongxianling. Song Qinzong, the eldest son of the ninth emperor and queen of the Northern Song Dynasty, the younger brother of the Southern Song Dynasty, the nephew and grandson of the North, was born in Kunning Hall on April 13th. He got married in June of Zheng He's sixth year, and the Crown Prince was Julian. Xuanhe seven years 65438+February 24-February 6, 2002, one year in office, March, with the title of Jingkang: Xuanhe seven years 65438+February 29-February 6, 2002, with the title of 1 Shaoxing, Chen Geng, June 20 16 16, Qin Zong died in Wuzhou City at the age of 57. His temple name is Qinzong, Emperor Renxiao of Gongwen Shunde, posthumous title, and Qinzong is buried in Yongxian Mausoleum. In December of the seventh year of Xuanhe, the nomads from the army went south, and his father Hui Zong acceded to the throne. The following year, the militant group Li Gang was forced to resist gold, and Cai Jing and his party were killed and ousted. Fruitful, nomads from the north. But he still promised to pay compensation and cut Taiyuan and other three towns for peace. In the first year of Kang, Jin people made a comeback. 165438+ 10. In October, Jin Bing besieged Bianjing Kaifeng House and personally went to Jin Ying to discuss the argument and was detained. In February of the second year of Kang, Bianjing City was broken and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. In April, Hui Zong's family and some ministers of the Northern Song Dynasty were taken captive to the north by nomadic people, first settled in Yanjing, and then moved to Huining House in Beijing in September. 11August, 28, six years, the party entered Beijing, Emperor Taizong of Jin was named as a faint male, and Qin Zong was a heavy faint Hou. In October, Huidi and Qin Shihuang were sent to Hangzhou. 1 130 In July, the second emperor moved to the northern border city of Wu Guocheng, where he "looked at the sky from the well". /kloc-in April of 0/3, his father Hui Zong Evonne died in Wu Guocheng. In the first year of the first emperor, Xizong changed the county to another day, Hunde was Tianshui County, and the seaside king was Yu Wang. In the 12th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, Gao Zong's mother Wei Shi and Hui Zong Zigong were released to the south. Before leaving, they knelt down and begged Wei to write a letter to the emperor, asking his half-brother to redeem him. "It is enough for Taiyi to see the Lord, and he dare not expect anything." As long as he goes back to the Song Dynasty to be a Taoist, he never wants to be an emperor again. I haven't heard from Webster since he came back. However, Qin Zonger was the only one who paid attention to the emperor's talk about peace and killing famous soldiers such as Yue Fei. Jin Hailing Yan Hongliang acceded to the throne and moved Zhao Huan to Huining House. In the first year of Zhenyuan, Wan Yanliang left Beijing, moved to Yanjing, renamed Zhongdu, and took Zhao Huan with him. The Year of the Loong died in Yanjing in June at the age of 57 and was buried in Yongxianling by the Jin Dynasty. There is no doubt that Zhao Huan died in Yanjing according to historical records. Ci Hai, Chronology of Chinese Historical Events, etc. It is wrong to say that he died in the five kingdoms city. Zhao Huan's death is also recorded in Xuanhe's Legacy of the Great Song Dynasty. June 26th

It was not until the thirty-first year of Shaoxing that the news of Zhao Huan's death reached the Southern Song Dynasty. His younger brother, Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou, was in pain on the surface, but he was secretly happy inside, and finally he could feel at ease. In July, posthumous title "Gongwen Shunde Renxiao Emperor", the hall number Qin Zong. It's only been more than a year since Song Qinzong took office, but he visited 26 ministers. Among them, Geng Nanzhong, Li Gang, Zhong Shidao and others have a key influence on the crisis. Some of their important national salvation strategies were not adopted by Song Qinzong, while some major mistakes were adopted by Song Qinzong. The following excerpt is from the article "Song Qinzong and His Four Annals" by Wang Zengyu, a researcher at the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences. Through this article, we can understand the gains and losses of Song Qinzong's political strategy during his administration, as well as his gains and losses in the past year. 1. Before he ascended the throne with Geng Nanzhong, Geng Nanzhong was the Crown Prince's Palace for fourteen years. Spoiling his third son, TongFu.kabu, means abolishing his position. According to Hu Yin, "The emperor was in the East Palace, but when the emperor announced that he was there, Wang Fu's desire was shaken many times. Nanhua is the official of the East Palace. If he couldn't figure out what to do, he turned to Li Cheng to help the Rightists. Yan people are favored for a while, but Yin people do it in one day. Every time because of Wang Fu's deception, there is quite a dispute. " Due to the special relationship when the Crown Prince's position was in jeopardy, on the third day after Song Qinzong ascended the throne, he ordered Geng Nanzhong to sign a book for the Privy Council and was promoted to Shang Cheng. Geng Nanzhong was afraid of 8 jin j, "ran out of the pepper room", once fled Kaifeng, and still won the trust of Song Qinzong. Geng Nanzhong's most important achievements after taking office are: first, excluding dissidents; Second, we should "advocate peace" and undermine the resistance to gold. These two misdeeds were not in peacetime, but in crisis, so they had to play a very bad role in the collapse of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, many literati dared not fight openly but privately. If they run the country and save the country completely ineffective, they will intrigue and play tricks, but they are smart enough. Geng Nanzhong is a typical example. Second, Song Qinzong and Li Gang, when 8 jin j invaded the south, Song Fang's government and hands were all messed up, and there was nothing they could do. Li Gang, who was often a girl, rose to the position of assistant minister of the Ministry of War and soon came to power. Song Qinzong appointed him to stay in Tokyo for personal expedition. As Zhuzi School 130 said, "Who made him better at that time? At this time, morale is lost, and others are unwilling to move forward. Only the canal still ignores death and has to rely on it. " As a civilian who doesn't understand soldiers, Li Gang is anxious. He actually organized the defense of Kaifeng city quite effectively and repelled the enemy many times. He not only won high prestige among the gentry, but also aroused the deep envy of his peers. Song Qinzong wavered between cowardly capitulationism and reckless adventurism. He appointed Li Gang to be in charge of the city defense, but he could not grant full authority, nor did he listen to Li Gang's dissuasion, but devoted himself to humiliation and peace. At the beginning of February of the first year of Kang, Yao was approved to rob the Golden Camp but failed. Director Li compiled a long edition of "Continuing the History as a Mirror", which attributed the matter to "Li Gang's plan of being loyal to the minister with an iron face", but Li Gang clearly put forward "being loyal to the minister with an iron face" and "having nothing to do with the minister" in the Letters of the Last Emperor. Therefore, the volume 130, the school believes that "the robbery of the village is determined by Yao Zhi, and the outline is unknown." In fact, the robbery caused considerable losses. "Only one hundred soldiers were killed in the camp, while more than one thousand soldiers were injured among western soldiers and teachers of the king of Qin.". However, Premier Li Bangyan "lived in peace with the Party and avoided Li Gang's main battlefield". He took the opportunity to exaggerate the situation with all the ruling parties and accused Li Gang. Song Qinzong panicked and ordered the dismissal of Li Gang and the veteran.

Although forced to reuse Li Gang, there is no evidence that Li Gang manipulated an "ambush" behind the scenes. "Since then, there has been a gap between the monarch and the minister, and it is quite taboo to suspect that the soldiers and the people are threatening each other." At that time, Li Gang was accused of more than 3,000 titles. Li Gang "only used 3 1 title" just because he made up two junior military attache and deputy ambassador Wei Wujin, and Song Qinzong actually said to the royal family: "Only the monarch is a blessing, only the monarch is a power, and the minister monopolizes it, so it can't last long." As Zhu lamented, "So, how do you teach people to do things?" Song Qinzong was forced to form an alliance with the commander-in-chief of Jindong Road Army. Afterwards, he repented, listened to Li Gang's suggestion of "relieving the siege of Taiyuan" and refused to cede the land north of Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian. After Song Qinzong broke the contract, the first problem was to rescue Taiyuan, the besieged capital of Hedong. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the disadvantages of its wartime unified military system was that it followed the tradition, and civil servants did not know the soldiers. Eunuchs such as Tong Guan and Liang often presided over military affairs. As mentioned earlier, Li Gang publicly reprimanded Geng Nanzhong for alienating the emperor and his son, and there was more bad blood between the two sides. When Song Jun failed to rescue Taiyuan for the first time, Geng Nanzhong took the opportunity to say, "If you want to help Taiyuan, it is necessary." Song Qinzong immediately appointed Li Gang as Fu Xuan's special envoy for Hebei and Hedong Road. At that time, Taiwan Province admonishers Chen, Chen Gongfu and Yu Yingqiu all saw through the intentions of Geng Nanzhong and others, saying that Li Gang "knew nothing about the army, and the battle would not be defeated", "trapped by my ministers" and "should not be sent". Li Gang is self-aware. He "once again bowed to his own strength" and said that he "committed state affairs, and death is not enough to take responsibility." Song Qinzong flew into a rage when he listened to slanders. Han Xu is the only person in Zhai Zhizhong who knows the Privy Council. He quoted the story of Qin Zai's murder and wrote the word "Du You" for Li Gang. Li gang had to come here. The battle of Taiyuan was the key battle that decided the fate of the Northern Song Dynasty. The fall of Taiyuan enabled Shanxi West Route Army to join forces with East Route Army in the south, but Song Jun's main force was exhausted in two rescue wars, and the fall of Kaifeng House was a foregone conclusion. Li Gang didn't do his best in the rescue, but under very difficult circumstances, he met with many constraints from the imperial court and was finally driven out of Beijing after the fall of Taiyuan. Later, as Hu Yin commented, Geng Nanzhong said: "If the East River is divided into China, it will be trapped in it, and it will be believed that it will reach out and make peace." The downfall of Li Gang was certainly the anger of Geng Nanzhong, but it was Song Qinzong himself who suffered the most. When Kaifeng was besieged again, in November of the first year of Jingkang, Song Qinzong "called Li Gang as a scholar to lead the Kaifeng government", but it was too late. Li Gang received this letter, about in the second year of Jingkang, that is, in March of the first year of Jian 'an, when Jin people were driving Lu Hui and many dissenting Confucian northward. Although it failed to save Taiyuan, by the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, all people of insight in the ruling and opposition still believed that only Li Gang could shoulder the heavy responsibility of saving the country.