Although Mr. Yamamoto has clearly realized through on-the-spot investigation that even if Northeast China is separated from the territory of China, it is difficult for the world to treat it as a Japanese mainland. Based on the fundamental purpose of the Japanese Tanaka cabinet government's foreign aggression and expanding interests, Yamamoto did whatever it took. He conceived and put forward the idea of "building the country through industry" in the process of running Manchuria Railway, and it was under the guidance of this idea that he threw out the report "Management Basis of Manchuria Railway Society". In this carefully prepared report, Yamamoto made a comprehensive discussion on how to manage Manchuria Railway from five aspects, mainly including: (1) actively managing Manchuria Railway; (2) the problem of iron; (3) kerosene problem; (4) Argon sulfate and chemical fertilizer; (5) conclusion. In the research, the author found that the overall content of Tar? Yamamoto's report is strikingly similar to the related content in The Memorial of Tanaka. Therefore, we can clearly see that Yamamoto's management strategy for Manchuria Railway is completely based on the northeast strategic policy in Tanaka Memorial. Comparing the two, we may better understand the purpose of Tar? Yamamoto's painstaking management of Manchuria Railway, and also judge the authenticity of Memorial to Tanaka: the title of Tar? Yamamoto's report is Management Basis of Manchuria Railway Society, but the chapter title of Memorial to Tanaka is related. In the first question, Yamamoto bluntly said: "The cause of Manchuria Railway Society was the result of the Russo-Japanese War and was inherited by Japan. Since the inheritance, most of them have taken negative steps in production and economy, which is self-evident. " Express dissatisfaction with the management of the former president. In fact, since the official operation of Manchuria Railway in Dalian from 65438 to 0907, its economic profit has changed significantly every year. His criticism shows that Yamamoto himself, as a powerful promoter of Tanaka government's foreign aggression and expansion, is still dissatisfied with the development of Manchuria Railway. Therefore, he can't wait to talk about "what can we do for the development of resources and trade if we can establish a perfect Manchuria utilization plan and adopt positive implementation methods?" I firmly believe that managing this positive cause is a top priority for Japan. " The result of this "will not only support Japan's domestic industry, but also make great contributions to the Japanese government's industrial policy." In this regard, it is stated in The Memorial of Tanaka: "China's desire for a new world has changed the railway management in South Manchuria to break through today's difficult situation." "To test the present situation and future of our country and create the Showa New Deal, we must adopt the positive principle of seizing power from Manchuria and Mongolia and cultivate rights trade." "If the rights of Manchu can really come into my hands, then on the basis of Manchu, the festival of trade has become popular in more than 400 states in zhina. Then, taking the power of Manchu and Mongolian as the commanding height, we seized the profit source of zhina, and conquered India, Nanyang Islands and Europe in Asia Minor by using zhina's rich resources. If our Yamato nation wants to set foot on the Asian continent, mastering the complete right to make profits is the first key. The final winner depends on grain, the prosperity of industry depends on raw materials, and the enrichment of national strength depends on the vastness of the territory. If I expand the rights of Manchu with a positive policy, I won't talk about people who can solve the elements of such a big country. " "Those who hope for the Showa New Deal and the eternal prosperity of our empire have only a positive attitude towards Manchu rights."
The second question, Yamamoto said at the beginning, "The rise and fall of the ironmaking industry has a lot to do with the rise and fall of the national movement." "The ironmaking problem in Japan has not been solved because the local iron ore in Japan is too poor." "Now through the field trip to Manchuria, people can't help but feel that it is a rich iron treasure house. According to rough statistics, there are at least 65.438+0.2 billion tons buried here. " "Its only drawback is the low iron ore content. Ordinary rich ore content is 55%, and Manchuria iron ore content is only 33%. " In view of this situation, Yamamoto proposed: (1) improving the technology of dealing with lean ore; (2) We should properly handle the problems of saving funds and supplying coal raw materials. In his analysis, he pointed out that "it takes two tons of coal to make one ton of iron, and the coal buried in Manchuria is about 2.5 billion tons, which can fully meet the demand of making1.200 million tons of iron." "From the perspective of national interests, Manchuria's coal and iron are indeed supreme wealth. Although it will be slightly inferior to European and American countries in terms of economic benefits in the production process, if it can be improved in the future, its output can be comparable to other countries. If "Japan's iron can be supplied by Manchuria and can be self-sufficient, it is really a very important issue." "This is also the fundamental ideal for establishing Japan's ironmaking policy, which can be achieved". Because the iron buried here is enough to meet the needs of Japan for 50 to 70 years. In the "Tanaka Memorial", the relevant content is discussed as follows: "The rise and fall of steel-making industry is related to the strength of the country, which is an important issue for all countries. The unresolved steel problem in China is caused by the lack of raw ore. " "According to the field investigation of the General Staff, there are huge amounts of iron in the scattered iron mines in Manchuria and Mongolia." "Manzhouli has1.200 million tons of iron, but fortunately there are 2.5 billion tons of coal (this is the statistics of Fushun, Benxi, Xinqiu and other big coal mines and coal mines within my sphere of influence). This 2.5 billion tons of coal is enough to refine1.20 billion tons of steel. If Japan has such a large amount of iron and coal, China can be self-sufficient in steel for 70 years, and can avoid breathing in other countries. "
In the third question, Yamamoto said frankly that "the oil issue is an extremely important issue in national defense and industry", and only when "Manchuria has sufficient resources can Japan's economy foresee profound changes." Yamamoto learned through investigation that there is a mineral deposit called oilstone in Jingshan Park, Fushun. According to the calculation at that time, it was 5.2 billion tons, of which oil accounted for about 6%. Yamamoto said in the article that "Japan now imports about 700,000 tons of mineral oil every year, worth 60 million yuan". After the development is completed, it is expected that Manzhouli Railway Company will supply about 50,000 tons to Showa in the fifth year (1930). In this way, "Japan's imports of kerosene from foreign countries can be reduced by one third, and the reduced part can be provided by Manchuria." "Tanaka Memorial" discusses this issue as "kerosene is also the most scarce commodity in China and the most important factor in building the country." Fortunately, all strata in Fushun Coal Mine contain 5.2 billion tons of oil rocks. This kind of oil-bearing rock can extract 6 kg of kerosene per 100 kg, and 9 kg of essential oil can be obtained per 100 kg if it is prepared by an American refinery. ""According to Fushun's 5 billion tons of oil-bearing rocks, we can get 250 million tons of kerosene and 450 million tons of oil. According to the average profit per ton 15 yuan, Fushun, an oil-bearing rock, can obtain a profit source of 525 million yuan, which is really a great revolution in our industry and is of great significance to our national defense and industry. According to the Manchu iron and kerosene, it can be used in China's navy and army, and then used in Jincheng Iron Wall. It is true that the man who is full of men and women is the heart of Japan. For the foundation of the empire, I can really celebrate. "
In the fourth section, Yamamoto analyzed Japan's demand for argon sulfate, pointing out that "at present, Japan's demand for argon sulfate is about 500,000 tons per year, but only half of it can be produced at home, and the remaining half is worth 30 million yuan, so it has to rely on foreign countries." However, "the output of argon sulfate in Manchuria has increased with the development of ironmaking industry", so "the demand for 250,000 tons of argon sulfate imported from foreign countries can be completely produced by Manchuria, which is guaranteed." In the process of operation, we should also see that "it is really convenient for Manchuria to be next to colonial Korea." Therefore, all the argon sulfate produced in Manchuria can be supplied to China except for Japanese permission, so it is urgent to start this undertaking. Yamamoto also analyzed the production and sales of some chemical industries, and pointed out that some lead raw materials and magnesium sulfite industries that have no production capacity in Japan or failed in experiments in Japan are actually huge natural resources in Manchuria. ""It is not easy to set up such an industry in Japan, because they not only lack raw materials and fuel, but also lack financial resources. However, if we can manage and develop the above industries in Manchuria, it will not only provide great help to Japan's domestic production, but also make the characteristic industries in Manchuria contribute to Japan's national economy. Based on the fundamental policy of' building the country through industry', we must choose to operate. "
In this regard, it is said in the memorial to Tanaka that "farmers and fertilizers are the most important issues in the national grain policy." "I want to use Manchuria's iron to make steel, and I must use Fushun's coal as fuel. This can put away discarded cigarettes and smoke sulfur, which is tantamount to using one thing for multiple purposes. " "It can help China's agricultural development. If it is profitable, you can also bring bean cakes to conquer agriculture in zhina and Nanyang." "According to the industry in Nanman, it is really helpful to our national defense and economy. Nanman industry can contribute so much to the country, and the country can also reach the foundation of industrial founding. "
In the conclusion, Yamamoto once again stressed that "the economic policy of Manchuria is consistent with the purpose of establishing the country through industry, and the management and development of Manchuria can seek to solve the food problem in Japan on the other hand. In a word, Japan is extremely short of industrial raw materials, which makes it easier to set up various industries abroad. Since we know that Manchuria is a big financial source, we must establish certain principles and policies for its development and utilization, and then Qi Xin will work together to operate it. This is really painful for us. "
At the end of the article, he almost shouted at the top of his lungs: "What is the value of Manchuria's rights to the Japanese state and to politics, national defense and international relations? This is by no means something that numbers can express. From an economic point of view, I dare to assert that the value of Manchuria to Japan's national economy is at least about 50 billion yuan. If someone asks what is the basis of this calculation? Then I can give one or two examples here to illustrate that there are more than 350 million tons of iron mentioned above, and its value is about 35 billion yuan. Today, the railway profits earned by the Manchuria Railway Company are about 60 million to 70 million a year, and there must be 60 billion to 70 billion in a hundred years. Together with the income from kerosene, fertilizer and other projects, it is not an exaggeration to calculate by 50 billion. "
From Tar? Yamamoto's naked report full of greed, depression and numerical analysis, what we see is the ferocious face of a big country predator. Its mainland policy of conquering Manchuria and Mongolia in Tanaka Memorial also has the same effect. Even the British journalists at that time saw clearly the ambition of Japanese imperialism and had to sigh, "Now Japan has a base camp for invading all of China in Manchuria, and has built a very strong fortress, ready to attack Chinese mainland"! "With such a solid foundation as Manchuria, Japan can certainly ensure the continued development of its economic and political power in Manchuria. If this means of peaceful aggression is left unchecked, it is only a matter of time before Manchuria becomes Japanese territory. " "Tanaka Memorial" (officially named "My Empire's Positive Fundamental Policy towards Manchuria and Mongolia") caused an uproar after it was published in China's Nanjing Current Affairs Monthly in February 1929. The Japanese Embassy in China has repeatedly protested to the China authorities, falsely claiming that the memorial was fabricated by the Chinese side and was a "fake document". However, amid Japanese protests, Japan's "China-China Association" published a booklet entitled "'s Manchu Policy in People's Eyes" on May 1930. In this booklet, the Japanese version of the first episode of Tanaka is published in full. Soon after,1September, 930, in Guandong County (Dalian) under Japanese colonial rule at that time, a Japanese right-wing organization, Manchu-Mongolian Research Association, also published the full text of Tanaka I in its publication Manchu-Mongolian ResearchNo. 1 1. The difference is that the former said it was from China. Why did the Japanese lie that "Tanaka Memorial" was a false document and published it in Japan and "Kanto Prefecture" (Dalian)? It turns out that the founders of this "China-China Club" are mostly Japanese first-class Japanese soldiers. There are eight doctors in Banxi, general Yamanashi's semi-ambassador, Jing Yu in Machida, Chen Sanzhong in Tokawa, and Makino Nobuaki, the palace minister who has lived in Beijing for a long time. Although he is a member of the Political Friendship Association, he is the opposite of Tanaka Yoshiichi. It can be seen that the appearance of "Tanaka Memorial" is entirely due to the internal factions of the Japanese Political Friends Association. But one thing is certain: "If Mr. Cai Zhikan didn't secretly plagiarize, China wouldn't make it public, and Japan would never make it public." Whether the article "Tanaka Memorial" was fabricated by the Chinese side or concocted by the Tanaka authorities in Japan has always been debated between China and Japan. In recent years, some domestic scholars have compared the sentences, grammar and missing words in Chinese and Japanese texts, and come to the conclusion that "it is a big lie for the Japanese to say that the First Play of Tanaka Yoshiichi was translated from the Chinese" Tanaka Memorial ". Due to the limitation of space, I won't go into details here. However, readers can read chapter 20 of Dalian's Nearly Hundred Years History published by Shenyang Liaoning People's Publishing House 1999. Seeing this, people should not only ask: Why are there many similarities between Yamamoto's report and Tanaka Memorial?
In fact, the whole story is: (1) Tar? Yamamoto himself, as the director-general of the Japanese Political Friendship Association, visited the "Oriental Conference" from June 27th to July 7th,1927; At the meeting, he actively participated in the formulation of the aggressive goal of dividing up Manchuria and Mongolia and expanding their rights and interests in China, and proposed at the meeting to use the "internal medicine law", that is, to defend and expand Japanese rights and interests in China, especially in Northeast China, by diplomatic and economic means.
(2) After the "Oriental Conference", Tar? Yamamoto once "stayed at my concubine's house to avoid guests and personally revised the manuscript for Tanaka." The fundamental reason why he personally manipulated the revision was that he personally participated in the "Oriental Conference" and was one of the main planners and executors of Tanaka's expansion policy to China. An article commented that "Gao Qiao under Tanaka regime is Qing and Tar? Yamamoto, which can be described as chariots and horses in a chess game. Moreover, these two important chess pieces are almost identical in their talent for helping the world. "
It can be seen that the content of Tanaka Memorial was little known after it was submitted to the Japanese Emperor for review and stored in the Royal Library. However, because Yamamoto personally participated in the formulation, he knew its main contents like the back of his hand. Therefore, after he took office in Manchuria Railway, he knew his great responsibility and was eager to implement Tanaka's "mainland policy". So, not long after he took office, he published the role that Manchuria Railway should play in the process of "actively promoting Manchu-Mongolian policy" with the title of "Management Foundation of Manchuria Railway Society" in disguise to show all employees of Manchuria Railway. From this, we have more reason to believe that "Tanaka Memorial" is not fiction, it is real.
Today, although Japanese academic circles hold a negative attitude towards Tanaka Memorial, they have to admit that "Japan's desperate denial of Tanaka Memorial cannot solve the world's doubts, but shattered glass is world-famous. Even today, partial authenticity is still quite influential. The reason is nothing more than that the content of Tanaka's memorial coincides with the active China policy adopted by Tanaka's cabinet, and also coincides with the road taken by Japan later-creating the Manchuria Incident, attacking Jehol, launching the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and entering French Indian zhina, thus provoking the Pacific War. Exactly the same. "
Similarly, reflected in the basic framework of The Memorial of Tanaka, Tar? Yamamoto devoted himself to Manchuria Railway, and his management strategy for Manchuria Railway has always been praised and followed by all successors. Under the control of the so-called "ancestor of Manchu-Tiefu", Manchu-Tiefu, a huge cancer, opened its mouth and sucked the rich resources in Northeast China crazily. When Tar? Yamamoto had to leave the post of president of Manchuria Railway because of the collapse of Tanaka's cabinet, there was a saying: "The shortcut to save China's current economic stagnation and social instability is to develop Manchu products, and the backbone of this great cause is Manchuria Railway Company."
That's what happened. After the launch of Goto Xinping and Tar? Yamamoto's so-called Zhongxing, Manchuria Railway carried out an all-round political, economic and cultural aggression in the northeast of China for more than 20 years, and gradually controlled the important industrial sectors in the southeast, such as transportation, water transport, electric power and mining. Japan's investment in Northeast China occupies a monopoly position in the total investment of foreign powers in Northeast China. According to statistics, by the end of 1930, the world's total investment in northeast China was 2.3 billion yuan, of which Japanese investment accounted for 175 billion yuan, accounting for 76% of the total investment of all countries; Among them, Manchuria Railway invested more than 900 million yuan.
Manchuria Railway formed an invasion base that annexed Northeast China and plundered resources. With its powerful political and economic entity, it has formed a "country within a country" in China. Years of operation and development laid a political, military and economic material foundation for the Japanese Kwantung Army to occupy the northeast of China in one fell swoop, and began a new round of plundering the resources and wealth of the northeast of China. Author Wang Zhenren, researcher of Dalian Institute of Modern History (Lushun Japan-Russia Prison Museum) Lushun16041(Japan) Taro Yohji Yamamoto: Management Basis of Manchuria Railway Corporation, Vol.24, No.25, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai, 1928.
(Japan) Manchu Historical Society, Liaoning, The Fall of Northeast China 14 years history. Forty Years of Manchuria Development (Shenyang, 1987), p. 98.
Ibid., p 77.
Ibid., p. 107.
(Japan) Da Zang, Liu et al. Translated from Inside the Investigation Department of Manchuria Railway (Harbin: Heilongjiang People's Publishing House 1982), pp. 228 and 23 1.
Wang Shengli et al. ed.: Dalian People in One Hundred Years (Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House 1999), p. 323.
Inside story of investigation department of Manchuria Railway, 26 1 page.
Ibid., p 265.
Ibid., p. 26 1
Wu Yigan: Japanese New China Policy in Eyes, Vol. 24,No. 17, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai,1September, 927), p. 16.
Lenin: Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism, Selected Works of Lenin, Volume 2 (Beijing: People's Publishing House 1972), p. 796.
Insider of Manchuria Railway Investigation Department, p. 269.
Lou: Characteristics and Historical Development of Nanman Railway Company, No.24, Vol.28 (Shanghai, 193 1 year,1February), p.35.
Insider of Manchuria Railway Investigation Department, p. 269.
Ibid., p 272.
Ibid., p 269.
Shi Chunlin: Review of Dalian (Lushun) Oriental Conference, Study on the History of Northeast Occupation, No.2, 1999, (Changchun,1June 1999), p. 15.
Characteristics and Historical Development of Nanman Railway Company, Volume 28, No.24, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai, 193 1 year, 65438+February), p.253.
Management Basis of Manchuria Railway Company, No.24, Volume 25, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai,1928,65438+February), p. 57.
Wang Xizhi, et al. Edited by: Historical Documents of Dalian in Recent Hundred Years (Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House 1999), p. 124-209.
Management Basis of Manchuria Railway Company, No.24, Volume 25, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai,1928,65438+February), p. 57.
Ibid., p 57.
Ibid., p 57.
Dalian Centennial Historical Documents (Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House 1999), p. 149.
Ibid., p. 126.
Ibid., p. 127.
Ibid., p. 127.
Management Basis of Manchuria Railway Company, No.24, Volume 25, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai,1928,65438+February), page 58.
Ibid., p 58.
Ibid., p 59.
Ibid., p 59.
Ibid., p 59.
Ibid., p 59.
Dalian Centennial Historical Documents (Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House 1999), p. 150.
Ibid., p. 150.
Ibid., p. 150.
Management Basis of Manchuria Railway Company, No.24, Volume 25, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai,1928,65438+February), pp.60.
Ibid., p 59.
Ibid., p 59.
Ibid., p 59.
Dalian Centennial History Document (Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House 1999), p. 15 1 page.
Ibid., p. 15 1.
Management Basis of Manchuria Railway Company, No.24, Volume 25, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai,1928,65438+February), pp.60.
Ibid., p 60.
Ibid., p 60.
Ibid., p 60.
Ibid., p 60.
Dalian Centennial History Document (Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House 1999), p. 15 1 page.
Ibid., pp. 15 1, 152.
Ibid., p. 152.
Ibid., p. 153.
Management Basis of Manchuria Railway Company, No.24, Volume 25, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai,1928,65438+February), p.61page.
Ibid., p. 6 1
Tong Yi: Outlook on the Future of Manchu Imperialism on the Day of British Newspaper, No.24, Vol.25, Oriental Magazine (Shanghai,1928,65438+February), pp.56.
Ibid., p 56.
Gao Dianfang, editor-in-chief: Historical Witness of Patriot Wang Jiazhen and The Memorial of Tanaka (Beijing: Unity Press 1997), page 83.
Zhao Chi: Memories of Tanaka and Memories of Tanaka by Cai Zhikan. China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall (Beijing: Beijing Publishing House 1993), p. 50.
Insider of Manchuria Railway Investigation Department, p. 250.
(Japan) Kawaguchi Keiichi, translated by Yang Qiang: Is Tanaka Memorial really a fake? Tanaka Memorial Collection (Beijing: Beijing Publishing House 1993) compiled by China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall, p. 1 15.
Characteristics and Historical Development of Nanman Railway Company, Vol.28, No.24, Oriental Magazine, (Shanghai, 193 1 year,1February), p.281page.
Li Zuoquan: The Economic Characteristics of Northeast China during the Japanese Puppet Period and the Yearbook of the Puppet Manchu Palace Exhibition Hall (Changchun, 1986), p. 145; Zhiping Jiang: The Position of Manchuria Railway in the Invasion of Northeast China and the Yearbook of the Puppet Manchuria Palace Exhibition Hall (Changchun, 1988), p. 166.