After Wang Ji entered the Tang Dynasty, he waited for a letter from the provincial secretary, and soon resigned and returned home. In Zhenguan, I was so happy that I turned back. This poem was written when the poet resigned and lived in seclusion in Gaodong (in Hejin, Shanxi).

2. Introduction to the author

Wang Ji (about 590 ~ 644) was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). At the end of sui dynasty, filial piety was given, except for the official word. Chao was unhappy, resigned on sick leave, and awarded Yangzhou Liuhe Cheng again. When the world was in chaos, I abandoned my official position and returned to my hometown. Before Tang Wude and the imperial edict, court officials stayed in this province. At the beginning of Zhenguan, he returned to He Zhu sick and devoted himself to Gaodong, hence the name "Donggaozi".

Simple and arrogant, addicted to alcohol, he can drink five fights. He made a biography of Mr. Five fights himself, and wrote the wine classics and wine spectrum. His poems are near but not shallow, good in quality, really sparse, broad-minded and ambitious, catching up with Wei and Jin Dynasties. The body of law originated in the Six Dynasties and was formed in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

3. Poetry translation

At night, I stood in Gaodong and looked at it from a distance. I hesitated and didn't know what to do.

Layers of trees are stained with autumn colors, and many mountains are covered with the afterglow of the sunset.

The shepherd drove the cattle home, and the hunter took many prey home.

Everyone is relatively silent and doesn't know each other. I really want to live in seclusion in the mountains!

(1) Note

Gaodong: the poet's seclusion. Dusk: In the evening. Thin and approaching.

Relocation (xǐyǐ): Wandering, walking back and forth. Yi: Take refuge.

Autumn color: a kind of "spring color".

Sunset: Sunset.

Calf (dú): Calf, here refers to cattle.

Bird: birds and beasts, here refers to prey.

Cai Wei: Wei, it's a plant. According to legend, Boyi and Shu Qi didn't want to be courtiers of Zhou, so they picked the European Union and ate it in shouyangshan, and finally starved to death. In ancient times, "picking Wei" represented seclusion.

Step 4 express your thoughts and feelings

In the bleak and quiet scenery description, the whole poem expresses loneliness and anguish, and expresses melancholy and loneliness.

Step 5 enjoy

This is a five-character poem describing Shan Ye and autumn scenery. The poetic style is simple and natural, which shows the poet's depressed mood of "caring for each other and not knowing each other" in the plain, which is quite different from the literary style since Qi and Liang Dynasties. The whole poem washes away the lead and brings a fresh breath to the early Tang poetry circle, which is one of Wang Ji's representative works.

"Looking at the dusk in Gaodong, what do you want to rely on?" The first two sentences mainly express emotions. "Gaodong" generally refers to the waterside highland near Longmen in Jiangzhou, Wang Ji's hometown. Borrowing Tao Yuanming's poem "Going to Gaodong for a Fun", it means that the poet tried to cultivate Gaodong after retiring, so he named himself "Donggaozi".

"Depend" means wandering. "What do you want?" Cao Cao's poem "Three turns around the tree, what branches do you rely on" is used. These two poems are described in a plain way. First, in the thin twilight, the poet stood on the high east and looked around. An inexplicable loneliness and helplessness welled up in my heart, making people unable to calm down. Watching movies will naturally be painted with a layer of psychological imbalance, which also provides a clever foreshadowing for the four sentences in the middle.

"The trees are all autumn, and the hills have only light". This is the poet's bold description of the scenery in front of him, focusing on the transparency of colors. Layers of trees have been stained with bleak autumn colors, and only the afterglow of the sunset can be seen in the rolling mountains. What a quiet, open and beautiful picture. Even in the faint twilight, people can still feel the strong reflection of light and color at sunset in Lin Qiu and Shan Ye.

Then, the poet turned to the dynamic narrative: "The shepherd drove the calf back. Hunting horses and taking birds home. " The vivid scene of Shan Ye's return is depicted emphatically from the visual field, which injects beating emotion and joyful interest into the whole quiet picture.

Several words in the sentence "drive", "return", "take" and "return". Use it naturally and accurately. This dynamic description more and more sets off the tranquility of the autumn night scene. In the static and dynamic description, the poet interweaves mountains, rivers, trees and calf hunting horses into a wonderful artistic picture. The harmony of light and color, the collocation of distant view and close view all seem so white and harmonious, which makes people daydream and even forget themselves in the comfortable and leisurely fields.

However, Wang Ji's experience immersed in the scene is far from being spiritually comforted like an idyllic poet, but he was born with a feeling of loss and loneliness. "I don't know each other, Long song is pregnant with Wei."

These last two sentences completely reveal the poet's inner anguish and depression. Because there were no friends who knew each other, he had to chase the hermits who didn't eat, such as Huai Boyi and Shu Qi, and went up the mountain to beg Wei. Someone commented: "Reading the article" Yewang "can tell the mind of a noble scholar, and you are detached. There have been bosom friends since ancient times. " (A general comment on the forest by deleting and supplementing the notes of Tang poetry) is the main theme of this poem.

This poem begins and ends with two lyric words. In the middle, two pairs of couplets depicting scenery skillfully link the poet's loneliness and hesitation with the autumn twilight scenery covering the fields, bringing readers an intuitive artistic impression and beautiful pleasure.

The infinite meaning contained in the poem makes people chew it for a long time. The language of the whole poem is straightforward and fresh, natural and fluent, simple and profound, and every sentence is forceful, which opens the way for the language innovation of Tang poetry and later generations.

Extended data

original text

Crazy hope

Tang Dynasty: Wang Ji

Looking at the dusk in Gaodong, I want to rely on it.

Trees are all autumn colors, and mountains are only sparkling.

The shepherd brought the calf back, hunted horses and brought birds back.

Care for no acquaintances, Long song pregnant with Cai Wei.