1936 17 in may, malraux was invited to go to Spain with two writers from the French writers' Federation. At that time, the People's Front came to power less than three months ago, and the situation was very unstable, with fights, strikes and assassinations emerging one after another. 17 In July, Franco launched a coup, which started the three-year civil war in Spain. On July 2 1 day, malraux entered Spain twice, started his investigation, and then wrote a report calling on French Democrats to take part in the battle to defend the Spanish Republic. He returned to Paris in early August when he learned that the Popular Front was in urgent need of planes. Thanks to the efforts of this "contemporary Byron" and other comrades-in-arms, he actually got 20 P540 planes in a few days. Later, the 12 B200 plane flew to Spain. In recognition of his outstanding achievements, the Spanish government awarded him the rank of colonel and gave him the right to train and command an aviation squadron composed of foreign fighters. Three or four of the people he led were real anti-fascist righteous men. They went to Spain to realize their sacred Republican ideal and proved their value in future battles. But most of the others are just mercenaries. This aviation squadron named "Spain" does not belong to the international brigade. It stood on the side of the Republican government and fought hard for seven months to fight and obstruct Franco's army. But don't mistake malraux for an air hero who flapped his wings for nine days. In fact, he has no practical knowledge of what an airplane is, and he doesn't know that it is impossible for pilots to improvise training. Personally, he can't fly a plane, navigate or throw bombs. He is just wearing a flying jacket, an aviation cap and gold bars with epaulettes, just like in the photo. This image spread all over France. In combat life, he was valued by his colleagues for his fearless spirit. He is talkative, cheerful and playful, and gets along well with pilots and mechanics. In addition, his reputation as a writer and extensive social relations make senior Spanish officials, including the prime minister and ministers, regard him as one of their own. Gide mentioned malraux in an article in Men's Land magazine, and there is an apt description: "malraux has a reaction to everyone ... As long as there is a just cause that needs defenders and someone to fight for, we can see that he is always the first to stand up. He gives himself and never haggles. There is something heroic and desperate about him ... he is an adventurer. ...
The real fighters of the ghost organization
"Every time I make up my mind to finish my art psychology, there will be a new war." Malraux wrote to his friend. The last time was the Spanish Civil War, and this time it was World War II. Malraux also said: "When a person writes an article I wrote, when there is a war in France, will he still stand by and watch?" He wanted to join the air force, but the air force turned him down. At one time, he wanted to join the Polish army. Finally, he joined the Tanker and chose to be an ordinary soldier, which is a bit like imitating his idol Lawrence of Arabia. After leaving the Royal Army, Colonel Lawrence, the author of The Seven Columns of Wisdom, willingly drove a tank in the desert. Malraux, who is nearly 40 years old, is the winner of the Gongul Prize for Literature, the first democratic fighter to vote for the Spanish Civil War, and is on an equal footing with ministers and academicians. Now, wearing a tan uniform, a soldier's hat and leggings, he walked into the barracks yard and stood respectfully in front of a junior officer. This scene is really touching. When the Germans attacked, he was captured and fled four months later. To everyone's surprise, he went to the south and lived a literary life for 30 months outside the war. According to Roger? In Stefan's memory, malraux said to his good friend, "I have nothing to do with that far-right general. I am waiting for American tanks. " This far-right general is General Charles de Gaulle, and just a few years later, he has served under him all his life.
Malraux continues to write a book in Saint-Chamonix: Museum of Art Psychology and Imagination. It was only in March of 1944 that his half-brothers Laurent and Claude, who participated in the anti-Japanese war, were arrested one after another, and he secretly left his residence and entered the mountainous area of Dordogne. Before he left, he left a message for his friend, "I will never have an address again." Dordogne is a part of southwest France, full of towering mountains, castles and caves. During the Hundred Years' War, the British army was in full swing and was blocked from hitting this area. Although there are planes and tanks in modern wars, the German Nazi army is helpless in the face of more than 1000 castles and more caves here. Malraux lived in a castle as the seat of "Allied Command" and claimed to be Colonel Berghitt (owner of walnut tree in Altenburg) to start War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. At that time, there were about 15000 guerrillas active in this mountainous area, belonging to 37 anti-German armed forces. The biggest ones are the militia led by French communist party, the army resistance movement led by the Republican Party and the Socialist Party, the secret army of the Gaulle Party, and the British SOE organization.
Historians are puzzled.
There is one thing that puzzles historians. Although malraux is a celebrity, he can never be regarded as the leader of any resistance faction. With this ghostly Allied Command (after the victory, no matter the Gaul headquarters, British authorities, American Western Europe Command and France * * * denied the existence of this organization), how could he shuttle between castles in just three months, gain the trust of the hills, and mediate factions that sometimes strongly dislike each other? When the leader of any resistance organization comes near his "headquarters", he only needs to ask the boy in the street, "Where is the Allied Command?" He will hear the answer: "sir, in the castle!" " "After 20 years, Pierre? D An Song-Ponte published an article in Le Monde (1September 27th, 967), saying: "Anyone who has met Colonel Berghit will never forget him. Wearing a beret firmly on his head, he pulled out British cigarettes one by one from the airborne cigarette case (a sign of the importance of people in the underground age). He talked, smiled, stamped his feet, and kept silent about "guys", "Uncle Churchill" and "Charles de Gaulle brothers" ... After a while, he went on to say "see how you play" ... but don't think that you heard this sentence.
The results are real.
Although the organization is "non-existent", its achievements are real. Cookridge, a historian of the British Special Organization, said in the book Inside S: "... On June 7th (the eve of the Normandy landing), the Imperial Division arrived in cahors, and then in Soviet Iraq in Doldo, where Major Klining, Andre? Malraux, commander of the French domestic armed forces group, then took action. Their armed forces harassed the German column along the way. But this did not stop the bloody slaughter of Thiel and Olado Huglan. The Imperial Division arrived in Normandy 10 days later than originally planned, and abandoned a large number of destroyed tanks along the way, completely losing its combat effectiveness. Rommel can't expect this army to join the defense team. At malraux's insistence, Cyril? In London, Wertner repeatedly asked bombers to throw bombs at the division. Sure enough, this unit was violently attacked on the way north. "
Similarly, this book also mentions another magnificent scene. "July 14, French National Day, the summer sunshine is dazzling. 200 air fortresses, escorted by 60 fire-breathing fighters, appeared over Coase Heights in Boesak, Shandong. For six hours in a row, the plane dropped the long-awaited airborne materials in turn ... 1500. Under the command of Major Kline, the resistance fighters surrounded the airborne area with an area of about 20 square kilometers, regardless of the attacks of local German defenders or patrols. The women took the sheets and spread them on the ground to form a huge Z, indicating the agreed mark. Farmers and businessmen rushed out from villages and farms, pushing various vehicles to transport weapons ... "
Belghit-malraux is the organizer of this wonderful action. Three days later, he sat among many guerrilla groups, if not leaders, at least standard-bearers. At this moment, what's the point of asking which higher authority appointed the Allied Command, whether it exists or not, and whether it is legal or not? Everyone has an idea. Malraux not only has ideas, but also knows how to put them into practice before others. Morris? As early as a few years ago, the Saka people said: "malraux's eyes have an adventurer's look, melancholy and determined;" His silhouette is beautiful, like a figure in the Italian Renaissance, but his appearance is very patriotic ... He speaks very fast, seems to know everything, and is full of energy, giving you the feeling that you met the smartest person in this century this time. "
The anti-memoir didn't say it was a memoir
Malraux was once a participant in the China Revolution in the eyes of westerners. The novel "The Destiny of Man" is set in 1927 March Shanghai workers' uprising. One of the protagonists is that the Chinese version is translated into "Zhou", which the Echo said was an allusion. In fact, malraux has only been to China three times, 1 time is the above-mentioned1August, 925. He spent four or five days in Hongkong and Macau under foreign rule. He traveled around the world for the second time, and the time was 193 1 year from May to February. I went to Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing in the middle, and then I went to Harbin and Manzhouli. There are not many records about his visit to Guangzhou and Shanghai. The third time was in the summer of 1965, when malraux visited Beijing as the special envoy of President Charles de Gaulle. During the visit, he met with Mao Zedong.
The meeting lasted about half an hour and Liu Shaoqi attended. Malraux was accompanied by French Ambassador to China Lv Xian? Paye spoke a few diplomatic words in general, and the topic ended in a hurry before going deep. There are two records about this meeting, 1 is the on-site record of Chinese translation. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was hit by the Cultural Revolution, so the records spread abroad. 1 is the official text of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. According to the practice of the French government, the records of such talks must be submitted to the parties for review before being filed. French Foreign Ministry officials handed the records to malraux, and malraux simply said, "I'll add." Later he added it. I don't know. Anyway, the supplementary text has not been published. However, in "Anti-Memoirs" (1967), he spent 85 pages on the ancient road and modern people, and wrote a talk like two revolutionary masters and philosophers in this century. For a writer with a certain imagination, rendering is not difficult. But what malraux is making up is not a novel, but a documentary.
The New York Times reporter Henry? In an interview, Tam asked how the story in the anti-memoir was different from the testimony provided by other diplomats. Malraux said, "I went to see Mao for the benefit of the country. We are a delegation ... when it's just the two of us, it's a moment for us to have a heart-to-heart talk with each other ... He wants to look back on the past ... He intends to keep the officials going ... keep their distance, and I am with him and his female translator. During the conversation, he didn't speak Mandarin, but spoke Hunan dialect. The female translator can translate both Mandarin and Hunan dialect ... "malraux went on to say:" Compared with the typed manuscripts of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the China Ministry of Foreign Affairs, everyone still thinks my words are very close ... Of course, I did some processing ... "One of his female admirers mentioned" anti-memoirs "to him very devoutly:" Master, this is just a little lacking, Mao Zedong.
Beauvoir said of malraux in her autobiographical work "Review", "He looks at one thing and honestly says what he sees, which is so boring. He wouldn't talk like that. He must think of another thing. "
1943, malraux published Wan Shang's Walnut Tree in Altenburg in Saint-Chamonix. Belgett said, "Man is not everything he hides, but everything he does." Malraux said to people in his later years: "People are not everything he hides, and people are not just everything he does." Yes, others say that what a person has done may be false, but these "things" inspire others to do other things. Isn't this the life story of this man? This is really an interesting question.