1. The non-performing assets of an enterprise refer to the net losses and potential losses (funds) that have not been dealt with by the enterprise, as well as the estimated loss amount of various problem assets that should not be set aside for asset impairment according to the provisions of the financial accounting system.
2. The non-performing assets of banks mainly refer to non-performing loans, commonly known as bad debts. In other words, the loan issued by the bank cannot recover the principal and interest according to the agreed period and interest rate. Non-performing assets mainly refer to non-performing loans, including overdue loans (overdue loans), sluggish loans (loans overdue for more than two years) and non-performing loans (loans that need to be written off and cannot be recovered). Others include real estate and other real estate portfolios.
Question 2: What are the bad assets, unsold inventory, unused equipment and unrecoverable bank accounts of the enterprise?
Question 3: What are non-performing loans and assets? Non-performing loans are divided into five categories. Bank loans are divided into five categories: normal, secondary, concerned, suspicious and loss. Generally speaking, doubtful loans and loss loans are recognized as non-performing loans, and generally face losses of more than 50%. Of course, some banks with strict management now regard concern loans as bad.
Non-performing assets generally refer to the non-performing loan claims that banks divest to state-owned financial asset management companies (AMC) through policies or commercialization according to relevant national laws and policies. Because the parent bank has converted some creditor's rights into assets (such as debt repayment) in the management process, the bad creditor's rights managed in AMC are generally called bad assets.
Question 4: What are the packaging, sale, auction, debt collection and transfer methods of non-performing asset management companies? Trust companies can cooperate with asset management companies to let asset management companies take over projects that cannot be repaid on time due to trust, and then they will be controlled by asset management companies. Of course, there are other aspects of cooperation now.
Question 5: What are non-performing assets? Non-performing assets of an enterprise refer to the net loss and potential loss (capital loss) that the enterprise has not yet dealt with, as well as the estimated loss amount of various problem assets that should be provided for asset impairment in accordance with the provisions of the financial accounting system. The non-performing assets of banks mainly refer to non-performing loans, commonly known as bad debts. Hunan's E Assets is committed to the disposal of non-performing assets. At present, this cake is very big, and everyone is optimistic.
Question 6: Who can tell me something about financial asset management? What does this bad asset mean? Assets are things that can make money, and bad assets are naturally things that can't make money.
Generally speaking, for banks, it is generally bad debts, that is, loans can not be recovered.
For enterprises, it also includes long-term accounts receivable.
Question 7: What are non-performing assets? What we usually call non-performing assets are generally divided into two parts, namely, non-performing assets of enterprises and non-performing assets of banks. For more information about non-performing assets, please visit the intranet.
Question 8: What are the causes of bad assets of enterprises? At present, many enterprises have bad assets, which will lead to difficulties in capital turnover of many enterprises, thus leading to bankruptcy of enterprises. However, because many enterprises don't know the causes of bad assets, they don't know how to avoid them in their usual production and operation. Here is a detailed introduction to the causes of non-performing assets of enterprises, hoping to help everyone.
(A) the lack of current account management system
Current accounts mainly include accounts receivable, accounts payable, accounts received in advance and prepayments. The main reasons for the loss are:
1. Because the enterprise has not established a perfect credit evaluation system, it sells on credit blindly. The buyer delayed payment after receiving the goods, the financial personnel of the enterprise lacked sense of responsibility and personnel changed, and the goods were not urged in time, resulting in long-term arrears; Some don't even know the contact information and address of the other party, and the other party deliberately refuses to pay or is unable to pay.
2. In order to complete the business assessment indicators, some enterprises make false income through current payment, so as to achieve the purpose of false profit. Naturally, the current payment that exists to complete the index cannot be recovered.
3. Enterprise leaders or financial personnel lend money at will due to the lack of supervision mechanism. As a result, funds flow into other people's pockets, thus bringing financial losses to enterprises.
Most enterprises pay more attention to sales than management, and some salespeople even take kickbacks from them. When these salesmen leave their jobs or are dismissed for dereliction of duty, the enterprise has no effective countermeasures and systems to restrain them, which has caused losses to the enterprise, but the responsible person has not been punished as it should.
(b) Cost-profit mismatch, inventory backlog or shortage
And before, some corporate finance did not know the actual cost of the enterprise, and all departments of the enterprise concealed or delayed reporting the actual cost, and did not go through the outbound procedures when collecting the materials that had been put in storage, resulting in no corresponding cost carry-over, resulting in inventory loss of materials and potential losses of the enterprise; Some enterprises' inventories have actually been sold, but the cost has not been carried forward in time, resulting in the inflated inventory materials and profits of enterprises; Some enterprises have blindness in material procurement due to weak management system and risk awareness, which leads to a large backlog of enterprise inventory; There are also enterprises due to production technology, technology and other issues. The products produced are defective, or the materials have been damaged or scrapped, but they are still overstocked in the warehouse without technical evaluation and valuation, which also inflated the value of materials, and the enterprise has potential losses.
(3) The investment management system is imperfect and the investment efficiency is low.
Non-performing assets in the investment link account for the largest proportion of non-performing assets in the whole enterprise, and decision-making mistakes are the root of the problem:
1, blind investment decision. The decision-making system is not perfect, and it is often made by one person or several people, and there is no full-time department or personnel responsible for investment management; Some projects were launched in a hurry without preliminary investigation and feasibility demonstration before investment, but once mistakes in decision-making were found, they could not be recovered in time, resulting in investment losses.
2. Once an enterprise has invested, no one will care about investing.
If some enterprises have invested abroad for many years, it is not clear in what form, whether the investee has distributed the investment income, some even lost contact with the investee, the other unit has been shut down, or the business license has been revoked and entered the liquidation stage. There are also some enterprises that fail to make timely accounting treatment and long-term losses due to investment losses: for example, enterprises reduce the equity held by shareholders due to debt-to-equity swaps and other reasons, resulting in long-term losses due to losses due to accounts, and fail to make accounting treatment. At present, many enterprises still invest part of their funds in the stock market to obtain short-term gains. However, due to the recent downturn in the stock market, stocks occupy a lot of liquidity and cannot be realized, which not only loses the capital benefit, but also objectively forms the potential loss of enterprises.
(4) Non-performing assets formed by short-term behaviors of enterprise legal persons and management.
In order to complete the assessment index, some business operators do not involve the asset losses that have already occurred, and the losses that have been formed will remain in the accounts for a long time: some enterprises have not carried over all the product costs to finished products, and have been hanging on the product subjects; Some enterprises even transfer current operating losses to deferred assets and management expenses to deferred expenses, which are not amortized for a long time, artificially causing non-performing assets; In other enterprises, due to the transfer of legal person, the new legal person takes a negative attitude towards the bad assets left by the predecessor, which can not effectively avoid the expansion of asset losses, and eventually lead to an increase in asset losses. In this regard, it is difficult for the relevant departments to draw a clear responsibility of the responsible person, which brings difficulties to the disposal of non-performing assets.
(5) Non-performing assets formed in the process of enterprise restructuring.
In the previous period and at the present stage, some enterprise groups or public enterprises have been reorganized to meet the requirements of modern enterprise management. In order to succeed ... >>
Question 9: What are the traditional disposal methods of non-performing assets industry? I. Relevant business models of asset management companies
Judging from the specific practices of the four major asset management companies, the simplest way is to buy out. After the bank packages the non-performing assets, it transfers them to the asset management company in batches. According to the size of the asset package, the asset management company can adopt a one-time or phased acquisition method, which can alleviate the financial pressure of the asset management company to some extent.
The second mode is cooperative disposal. In the policy acceptance stage of non-performing assets of state-owned banks, asset management companies have a preliminary understanding of debtors, but they can't go deep into the industry. At this stage, they can combine high-quality enterprises in the same industry to reorganize non-performing assets and finally realize benefit sharing.
The third mode is anti-entrustment disposal. After the asset management company buys out the non-performing assets of the bank, it sells the income right of the assets to the trust plan or the brokerage asset management plan. The ownership of assets still belongs to the four major asset management companies, and asset management companies continue to be responsible for the disposal of non-performing assets. In this mode, the asset management company can recover the capital cost in advance and remove the capital occupation, and the risk is borne by the investors themselves.
The fourth is the securitization of non-performing assets. After the asset management company buys out the bad asset package from the bank, it calculates the cash flow, regards the trust plan as SPV, and then issues the restructured asset-backed securities to sell to investors. As for the post-management of non-performing assets, it can still be entrusted to asset management companies for management. From 2006 to 2008, there were four cases of non-performing assets securitization in China, with a total issuance of about 654.38+03.4 billion yuan. However, after 2008, with the outbreak of the financial crisis, this business was also stopped. 20 15 the call for restarting asset-asset securitization is getting louder and louder, and it is expected that this kind of business will be liberalized soon.
Different from the four major asset management companies, the disposal scope of local asset management companies is limited to this province. In addition to the traditional disposal methods, local asset management companies are also gradually innovating the disposal mode.
(1) Blood transfusion recombination. Local asset management companies can transfuse some projects that can be revived, help enterprises get on the right track, realize a premium and then quit.
(2) Paying debts in kind. For some high-quality mortgage assets, try not to take a long litigation route, and realize a win-win situation for local asset management companies and enterprises by paying debts in kind.
(3) Publicly soliciting reorganizers or investors. On the basis of acting as a first-class wholesaler of non-performing assets, attract more professional social investors to participate in non-performing assets investment and share the profits of the industry.
(4) Establish a non-performing assets disposal fund or subsidiary in conjunction with local governments. Make full use of local resources, deepen the disposal of non-performing assets, and help local governments divest non-performing assets.
It should be pointed out that under the background of the rapid increase of non-performing assets, asset management companies are facing unlimited business opportunities, but due to the framework and mechanism of asset management companies, they are also facing greater "de-capitalization" pressure. For the non-performing assets that have been traded, asset management companies should classify and manage them in order to gain more profit space. For the creditor's rights non-performing assets, based on the "popsicle effect", because the principal part will not change, the source of income is interest or penalty interest, and the profit space is limited, it is necessary to quickly resolve it; For assets with bad property rights, based on the "root carving theory", asset management companies can choose to hold them for a long time, carve them carefully, and exchange time for space, so as to obtain higher returns.
Two. Bank-related business model
At present, domestic banks mostly dispose of non-performing assets through debt collection, internal account management, bad debt write-off, incremental dilution of loans, debt extension or restructuring, bidding and auction, debt-to-equity swap, and reuse of physical assets. Restricted by the disposal efficiency, commercial banks began to innovate their disposal methods under the background of the sharp increase of non-performing assets.
Under the pressure of strict assessment, many banks use interbank funds or wealth management funds to dock non-performing assets at key time nodes such as the end of the quarter or the end of the year, so as to realize off-balance-sheet non-performing assets and reduce the non-performing rate. Therefore, the pricing of bad statements is generally determined by the write-off amount of the bank in the current year. Specifically, defect reporting has the following operation modes:
(1) Holding mode of asset management company. Banks provide credit to asset management companies, or subscribe for bonds issued by asset management companies to inject funds into asset management companies. Then the asset management company receives the non-performing assets of the bank with the funds obtained from the bank, thus achieving the purpose of off-balance sheet of the bank, and the bank promises to buy back the non-performing assets received by the asset management company in the future. In this mode, asset management companies play the role of channels.
(2) Silver-silver mutual holding mode. Assets >>
Question 10: What do you mean by bad bank assets? Are there any companies that deal with bad assets? Non-performing assets of banks are also often called non-performing debts, the most important of which is non-performing loans, which refer to loans that bank customers cannot repay principal and interest on time and in quantity. In other words, the loan issued by the bank cannot recover the principal and interest according to the agreed period and interest rate. Non-performing assets mainly refer to non-performing loans, including overdue loans (overdue loans), sluggish loans (loans overdue for more than two years) and non-performing loans (loans that need to be written off and cannot be recovered).
Companies dealing with non-performing assets mainly include Cinda, Great Wall, Huarong and Dongfang, and they are also well-known in the industry. China Cinda has a large asset scale, and its main businesses include non-performing asset management, investment and asset management and financial services, among which non-performing asset management is its core business.