The two sides stipulated the direction of all the boundary lines between the two countries.
Both parties agree that all the sections bounded by rivers are bounded by the river center line of the main stream, and all the sections bounded by roads are jointly owned by both parties and jointly managed and used by both parties.
The two sides agreed to set up the China-Mongolia Joint Demarcation Committee immediately after the entry into force of the treaty, specifically demarcate all the borders of the two countries and set up boundary markers, and then draft a border protocol between the two countries and draw a border map, detailing the direction of the border line and the location of boundary markers.
The division of Mongolia was once in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, Horqin and Chahar, which were bounded by the Gobi Desert and south of the Gobi Desert, surrendered to local tribes as Inner Mongolia earlier in the Qing Dynasty. Khalkha Mongolia, north of Gobi Desert, fell late and belongs to outer Mongolia. As the dividing line between the two places, most of the Gobi Desert is on the side of Outer Mongolia. At that time, no one was interested in these deserts. Hulunbeier Mongolia, west of Daxinganling Mountains, is not separated from outer Mongolia by desert. However, because the Middle East Railway passes through this area, there are China's troops and many Han Chinese, so the attempt of outer Mongolia to "independently" annex Hulunbeier failed. Altay region in northern Xinjiang was originally under the jurisdiction of outer Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty, but in the Republic of China, Xinjiang local authorities sent troops to occupy Altay in time, and the outer Mongolian authorities were helpless.
19621On 2 6 December, the Sino-Mongolian Border Treaty was signed in Beijing. 1963 came into effect after the exchange of ratification in Ulaanbaatar on March 25th.
The two sides stipulated the direction of all the boundary lines between the two countries.
Both parties agree that all the sections bounded by rivers are bounded by the river center line of the main stream, and all the sections bounded by roads are jointly owned by both parties and jointly managed and used by both parties.
The two sides agreed to set up the China-Mongolia Joint Demarcation Committee immediately after the entry into force of the treaty, specifically demarcate all the borders of the two countries and set up boundary markers, and then draft a border protocol between the two countries and draw a border map, detailing the direction of the border line and the location of boundary markers.
On the long border of China, there are many international rivers, most of which flow from the border of China, a few flow into the territory of China, and some form boundary rivers. But there is a river on the border between China and Mongolia that flows into Mongolia and returns to the motherland. What we are going to talk about today is the Haraha River.
Aerial photography of the Haraha River, flowing through the forest.
The Haraha River originates from Yesong Lake (Darbin Lake) on the northern slope of Motianling Mountain in the west of Daxing 'anling, flows through Dujuan Lake, and also brings together tributaries such as Suhu River and Gurban River. There is an underground river in the upper reaches of the Haraha River 10. It flows underground in Shitanglin, and only the flowing water is heard, but there is no trace of the river.
From east to west, the river flows into Mongolia through Hershey Town, joins the Nomur River and the Nurgen River in Mongolia, turns northwest at the tributary of Soren Aobao, flows west to Bell Lake, and flows north to Ursong River and Hulun Lake (Salikin River), so it is called "Patriotic River".
Aerial photography of the Haraha River, flowing through the forest.
The 27.4-kilometer section of the middle reaches of the Halaha River is the border river between China and Mongolia. The Sharkin River in the lower reaches is connected with the Haraha River in the upper part and the Urson River in the lower part, with a total length of about 40 kilometers. The middle and lower reaches are the border river between China and Mongolia, with a length of 33.66 kilometers.
Among its tributaries, such as Burenta Bansala River, Huderen River and Numergen River, there are also boundary rivers with different lengths.
Scenery on both sides of the border river between China and Mongolia-Nurgen River
The Halaha River belongs to the Ergon River system, with an average depth of 2 meters and a total length of 399 kilometers. Its domestic flow is 1.36 km, and its domestic drainage area is 7520 square kilometers.
Bell lake scenery
The Bell Lake and the Haraha River have witnessed countless bonfires and smoke on the grassland.
In March of A.D. 1388, the gale near the Clock Lake became the last elegy of the Northern Yuan Dynasty! The lakes and waters of Bell Lake decorate the glittering territory of the Central Plains Dynasty.
Former Mongolian cavalry
Later, some scattered Mongolian tribes were gradually unified, and Khalkha Mongolia was later divided into "Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia" with the Haraha River flowing into Bell Lake as the boundary.
In the Qing Dynasty, "Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia" were successively attached.
After the Revolution of 1911, the princes and nobles of outer Mongolia, with the support of Russia, planned the "independence" of outer Mongolia and the independence of Hulunbeier.
1939, the battle of Nomenham broke out on the east bank of Bel Lake and along the Haraha River by the Japanese puppet Manchukuo and the Soviet Union. After Japan's defeat, most of the middle and lower reaches of the Halaha River were controlled by outer Mongolia.
Hulunbeier Grassland: Witness the biggest defeat in Japanese history.
The battle of Nomenham undoubtedly had an important impact on the demarcation between China and Mongolia. In Qing Dynasty, as the boundary river between Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, most of the Halaha River was recognized as the territory of Mongolia, and one fifteenth of Bel Lake belonged to China.
The Halaha River was supposed to be singing cheerful songs, running down from Daxing 'anling and quietly flowing in the embrace of grassland. On the vast territory of China, together with the Urson River and the Ergon River, it is like a glittering necklace, strung together two pearls, Hulun Lake and Bell Lake. What a beautiful picture.
The Pearl of Hulunbeier Grassland: Hulun Lake and Bell Lake
In my opinion, the Halaha River is more like the blood of Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, while the Bell Lake is a beautiful tear, reflecting how much bitterness and helplessness I felt in China.
Remarks: This article involves some serious topics such as history and national boundaries. Despite extensive access to information, due to the author's limited knowledge, mistakes are inevitable, please understand.
19621On 2 6 December, the Sino-Mongolian Border Treaty was signed in Beijing. 1963 came into effect after the exchange of ratification in Ulaanbaatar on March 25th.
The two sides stipulated the direction of all the boundary lines between the two countries.
Both parties agree that all the sections bounded by rivers are bounded by the river center line of the main stream, and all the sections bounded by roads are jointly owned by both parties and jointly managed and used by both parties.
The two sides agreed to set up the China-Mongolia Joint Demarcation Committee immediately after the entry into force of the treaty, specifically demarcate all the borders of the two countries and set up boundary markers, and then draft a border protocol between the two countries and draw a border map, detailing the direction of the border line and the location of boundary markers.
Distinguish the border between the two countries by natural topography, such as the highest point of a mountain, the center of a lake, the coast, the center of a river, etc.
On the long border of China, there are many international rivers, most of which flow from the border of China, a few flow into the territory of China, and some form boundary rivers. But there is a river on the border between China and Mongolia that flows into Mongolia and returns to the motherland. What we are going to talk about today is the Haraha River.
Aerial photography of the Haraha River, flowing through the forest.
The Haraha River originates from Yesong Lake (Darbin Lake) on the northern slope of Motianling Mountain in the west of Daxing 'anling, flows through Dujuan Lake, and also brings together tributaries such as Suhu River and Gurban River. There is an underground river in the upper reaches of the Haraha River 10. It flows underground in Shitanglin, and only the flowing water is heard, but there is no trace of the river.
From east to west, the river flows into Mongolia through Hershey Town, joins the Nomur River and the Nurgen River in Mongolia, turns northwest at the tributary of Soren Aobao, flows west to Bell Lake, and flows north to Ursong River and Hulun Lake (Salikin River), so it is called "Patriotic River".
Aerial photography of the Haraha River, flowing through the forest.
The 27.4-kilometer section of the middle reaches of the Halaha River is the border river between China and Mongolia. The Sharkin River in the lower reaches is connected with the Haraha River in the upper part and the Urson River in the lower part, with a total length of about 40 kilometers. The middle and lower reaches are the border river between China and Mongolia, with a length of 33.66 kilometers.
Among its tributaries, such as Burenta Bansala River, Huderen River and Numergen River, there are also boundary rivers with different lengths.
Scenery on both sides of the border river between China and Mongolia-Nurgen River
The Halaha River belongs to the Ergon River system, with an average depth of 2 meters and a total length of 399 kilometers. Its domestic flow is 1.36 km, and its domestic drainage area is 7520 square kilometers.
Bell lake scenery
The Bell Lake and the Haraha River have witnessed countless bonfires and smoke on the grassland.
In March of A.D. 1388, the gale near the Clock Lake became the last elegy of the Northern Yuan Dynasty! The lakes and waters of Bell Lake decorate the glittering territory of the Central Plains Dynasty.
Former Mongolian cavalry
Later, some scattered Mongolian tribes were gradually unified, and Khalkha Mongolia was later divided into "Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia" with the Haraha River flowing into Bell Lake as the boundary.
In the Qing Dynasty, "Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia" were successively attached.
After the Revolution of 1911, the princes and nobles of outer Mongolia, with the support of Russia, planned the "independence" of outer Mongolia and the independence of Hulunbeier.
1939, the battle of Nomenham broke out on the east bank of Bel Lake and along the Haraha River by the Japanese puppet Manchukuo and the Soviet Union. After Japan's defeat, most of the middle and lower reaches of the Halaha River were controlled by outer Mongolia.
Hulunbeier Grassland: Witness the biggest defeat in Japanese history.
The battle of Nomenham undoubtedly had an important impact on the demarcation between China and Mongolia. In Qing Dynasty, as the boundary river between Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, most of the Halaha River was recognized as the territory of Mongolia, and one fifteenth of Bel Lake belonged to China.
The Halaha River was supposed to be singing cheerful songs, running down from Daxing 'anling and quietly flowing in the embrace of grassland. On the vast territory of China, together with the Urson River and the Ergon River, it is like a glittering necklace, strung together two pearls, Hulun Lake and Bell Lake. What a beautiful picture!
The Pearl of Hulunbeier Grassland: Hulun Lake and Bell Lake
In my opinion, the Halaha River is more like the blood of Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, while the Bell Lake is a beautiful tear, reflecting how much bitterness and helplessness I felt in China. Remarks: This article involves some serious topics such as history and national boundaries. Despite extensive access to information, due to the author's limited knowledge, mistakes are inevitable, please understand.
19621On 2 6 December, the Sino-Mongolian Border Treaty was signed in Beijing. 1963 came into effect after the exchange of ratification in Ulaanbaatar on March 25th.
The two sides stipulated the direction of all the boundary lines between the two countries.
Based on the division of desert south and desert north, the Mongolian Plateau continued this way in the Yuan Dynasty. When the northern part of the desert was divided, the boundary was demarcated according to the original regional definition.
You can't just look at the administrative map or the traffic map, but if it's a satellite map or a contour topographic map, you can see it at a glance.
It can be clearly seen from the satellite map that most national boundaries are drawn along ridges and rivers, and other parts may be lines between latitude and longitude coordinates, or landmarks such as villages, lakes and roads.