Pu 'er Tea Author: Ethan | Author

Once the teahouse appears, it will be combined with certain forms of culture and entertainment; And become the carrier of these forms. For example, tea drinkers get together to talk about agricultural classics, business classics, "mountain and sea classics" and some gambling activities. Song Naide Weng (sleepwalking in ancient Hangzhou) recorded: "The big tea house is decorated with famous paintings and calligraphy. I only hang pictures in the deli in Shi Jing, so I don't like sports. Now teahouses are all natural. " Teahouses or teahouses, although combined with certain forms of culture and entertainment, are still selling tea to customers. These cultural and recreational activities and the display of celebrity paintings and calligraphy are all aimed at serving tea drinkers who spend a long time and sell more tea. At this time, the teahouse or teahouse, on the whole, still belongs to the economic foundation field.

Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty went down to the south of the Yangtze River and called the famous Suzhou player, King ci writers, to direct the performance. Since then, the art of Tanci has gained great fame and is popular in Taihu Lake Basin, Shanghai and Zhejiang. Teahouses and teahouses, combined with the art of pingtan, have become the best carriers of pingtan art, and teahouse bookstores have mushroomed all over the country. Forty years of Qing Qianlong (1776) Zhi Zhu, a high-star in Pudong, Shanghai, wrote: "Teahouses and restaurants talk about bookstores, and new songs and branches are advocated together; Vulgarity can only survive in simplicity, and this style is better than other places. " Self-report: "The teahouse will be admired by children, and Gao Hang does not have this bad habit, which is extremely worth mentioning." You can't ask as far north as Gao Qiao! "Very impressive. At that time, the teahouse bookstore was very popular in Gao Qiao, Pudong, but it was regarded as a "bad habit" by Gao Hang in remote towns and villages.

During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty (1862 ~ 1873), the four masters of Pingtan, Zhao Xiangzhou, Yao and Wang Shiquan performed in Shanghai. Teahouses (teahouse) bookstores have made great progress. From that week of the 20th century to the 1950s, there were more than 100 teahouse bookstores in Shanghai. There are 12 houses concentrated in Sima Road (now Fuzhou Road), commonly known as the "10th H Building". Their names are: Tianjun Building in Yue Xian, Xianghuyan Photo Studio, Jiuyiyan Cloud Building, the handover of Sihai and Cangzhou, Feather Building, Tianlewo, Xiaoguanghan, Taohuaqu, the first floor, Wanhua Bookstore and Very Long. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were more than 240 teahouses (teahouses) and bookstores in Shanghai. Among them, there are more than ten center fields.

Teahouse (teahouse) bookstore, which combines teahouse with pingtan art, is no longer selling tea to customers, but operating artistic performances. It no longer belongs to the field of economic foundation, but to the ideological field of shoulder superstructure. It is already a cultural and artistic undertaking. They have three main social and cultural functions.

First, the role of tea art The establishment of teahouses, teahouses and tea houses has greatly promoted the development of tea sideline. Customers' comments on tea products and tea sets are fed back to teahouse operators, tea farmers and tea set makers, thus improving the technological process of tea planting, collection, cooking and tea set making. Song Zian in the Song Dynasty recorded that after absorbing and studying the opinions of consumers, tea makers summed up the methods to improve the technological process: "When picking tea, it must be in the morning, not at sunrise, ... When breaking strips, it must be pointed by nails, ... It must be exquisite, clean and fragrant, and the temperature must be good." If you lose it, you are ill with tea. In Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zhu had a volume of Tea Classics, and in Qing Dynasty, Lu wrote three volumes of Tea Classics, all of which were related to the establishment of teahouses.

Second, the entertainment function. Teahouses (teahouses, teahouses) have venues, seats, customers and tea; There are only 1 ~ 2 actors in the art of pingtan. Therefore, the former becomes the best carrier of the latter. Teahouses (teahouses, teahouses) bookstores that combine the two have three literary functions: the first is to shape people. Many pingtan artists have found opportunities and places for artistic practice here, thus becoming famous and famous. For example, Wang's "Shoulder but don't ring, low but don't flash, turn around, gradually lower and thinner", Chen Yugan's Chen tune and Yu Xiushan's Yu tune were all imitated by later artists. Modern artists, the Pearl Tower by Wei Taiqing and Xue Zhenqing, Qin Tune by Zhu Xueqin and Wang by Pang all have their own schools. Xia, Yang Binkui and Zhao Biqing played and sang "Description of golden phoenix", each leading the way. Yang Zhenxiong wrote the Palace of Immortality himself, saying that The Romance of the West Chamber was auspicious, and Zhao Jiaqiu was famous for his marriage in distress situation. Jiang Yuequan and Zhou Yuquan performed in the archives, and their voices were the same; Jiang Ruting said that "Jin Fan" is an all-rounder in playing ci. The document he spelled with Zhu Jiesheng is also a ring document; Zhu Huizhen, a female disciple who came to Jiesheng, became popular in the book world with her talent and promoted jade carving to a major school. Xie Shaoquan, Xu and Qi all formed their own schools. Li Bokang wrote and acted "Yang Naiwu"; Zhu Lanan and Huang Yi An edited The West Chamber; Zhang Jianting's "Ten Beautiful Pictures" and Gu and Yao Yinmei's "Ridiculous Marriage" are both extraordinary talents in pingtan. Ling Wenjun said that golden phoenix Description was called Xiao Wang Description; Yan Xueqin said that Yang Naiwu became a famous writer; Liu Tianyun said "The Marriage of Little Erhei", "We must repair the Huaihe River", "Protection of Old Areas" and "Lin Chong". , created a flesh-and-blood character; Xu Lixian created his own "beautiful tune", which is gentle and pleasant, sincere and sincere, with representative aria such as "New Mulan Ci" and "Du Shiniang". Gu Hongbo, Tang Gengliang,,,, Shi, Xu Hongcan, Liu Yunruo, Chen Buan,, Zhu Xueqin, Liu Min, etc. , is quite famous in Shanghai book circle; Newcomers such as Ni Yingchun, Fan, Wang Huifeng, Feng Xiaoying, and Jiang Wen stand out. The second is to publish a book. In addition to the traditional bibliographies, there are new bibliographies such as Heroes at Sea, Green Reed, Lin Chong, Old Land Conservation, Taking Children out of the Church, and Garden Evaluation. In the 1980s, new books such as True Love and False Love, Passionate Love, Dream of Spring, Qiu Si, The Death of Xiao Dangui, Exploring the Plum in the Lonely Mountain were very popular, and won the first prize for performance and accompaniment in the 1986 National New Bibliography Competition. Third, it has greatly enriched the cultural life of the masses. Especially the illiterate working people in the old society, it is difficult for them to accept and appreciate China's traditional literary works through the carrier of words, and the teahouse (teahouse, teahouse) bookstore provides them with the opportunity to accept and appreciate these literary works.

Third, information function. From the teahouse to 1000 years in the 1970s, due to the underdeveloped communication facilities, various figures gathered in the teahouse, such as Lao She's teahouse, including "citizens, eunuchs, bullies, spies, soldiers, policemen, westerners, dude, etc." So the teahouse has naturally become the center of information exchange. Although there is a warning sign "Don't talk about state affairs" in the teahouse, it still can't make customers quiet. Flag-bearers often sigh that "the Great Qing Dynasty is going to be finished".

Since the 1980s, various new cultural and entertainment facilities have been established one after another, and modern karaoke bars, modern dance halls, entertainment centers and activity rooms for the elderly have gradually spread all over urban and rural areas. As the carrier of information and entertainment programs, TV sets and fast communication tools-telephone gradually spread to families and people; The main cultural functions of teahouses are gradually being replaced. Because of the popularity of gas stoves, the process of boiling water has become simple and easy, and it is no longer as time-consuming, laborious and expensive as burning wood and coal before. The most basic function of the teahouse-selling tea to customers-has also been partially replaced. Teahouses (teahouses, teahouses) are gradually declining. In Pudong, Shanghai, 1984 has more than 20 teahouse bookstores. By the end of the 20th century, there were only two left. "There is no doubt about mountains and rivers, and there is another village." Teahouse, an ancient form of tea culture, is bound to walk out of the current predicament and embark on a new road of development.