Current location - Education and Training Encyclopedia - Resume - What is the cause of arhat fish disease?
What is the cause of arhat fish disease?
I. Etiology and pathogenesis of Lohan

(1) Etiology:

There is no unprovoked disease, and the main causes of arahantosis are:

1. Physical stimulation: such as cold, scraping fish, etc.

2. Chemical stimulation: such as ammonia nitrogen poisoning, inappropriate ion content in water, etc.

③ Biological stimulation: virus, bacterial infection, protozoa, worms, annelids, crustaceans, etc.

4. Lack of essential substances: lack of oxygen, lack of nutrition, etc.

Some diseases come from the above four aspects of bad stimulation, but also from their own physical defects or changes, such as allergies, tumors, genetic defects and so on.

(2) Pathogenic conditions:

The onset or not depends on the intensity of stimulation, Lohan's own resistance and external environment.

Among them, the bad stimulation that can lead to the onset of arhat is widespread, and it is impossible to completely eliminate it by scientific management. When the stimulus intensity is less than Lohan can resist, you won't get sick. On the contrary.

The external environment also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Lohan. For example, Lohan will not suffer from white spot disease when the temperature is higher than 30 degrees Celsius.

Second, how to effectively prevent fish diseases

Prevention is more important than cure. Through correct prevention and scientific management, Lohan can be prevented from getting sick to the maximum extent, or get sick less.

Countermeasures to prevent arhat disease in daily management;

1, "controlling water quality" to prevent fish diseases

Raising fish means raising water, and good water can raise good fish. Fish with good water will get sick less and will not get sick.

Most diseases of novice fish farmers are directly or indirectly caused by water, and some diseases will not heal themselves after the water quality is improved.

Good water can effectively prevent fish diseases, and its mechanism is various:

On the one hand, by establishing a good ecosystem or changing water regularly, there is no toxin or only a small amount of toxin in the water, which will not cause direct chemical stimulation to fish (the toxicity comes from the less toxic salts such as ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrite and nitrate generated by the decomposition of residual bait and fish metabolic waste); On the other hand, due to the establishment of the biofiltration system, beneficial bacteria become the dominant flora and effectively inhibit the growth of other harmful bacteria and pathogenic bacteria (competing with harmful bacteria and pathogenic bacteria for nutrient sources and living space), thus controlling the pathogenic bacteria at an extremely low concentration, which is not enough to cause arhat's disease; Third, because the water quality is suitable, Lohan has strong health resistance.

The content of "water control" should not only pay attention to the physical and chemical indexes of water used for raising Luo, but also provide suitable temperature and dissolved oxygen. Please note the following points:

The primary task of "water control" is to establish a good aquarium ecology.

Because this work is highly technical, it is difficult for beginners, but once it is established, it will achieve twice the result with half the effort and once and for all.

If not, at least a good biological filtration system (microecology) should be established. Otherwise, once the water is not changed in time, it will lead to direct poisoning symptoms such as burning tail and blindfolding due to ammonia nitrogen poisoning. Or because of the deterioration of water quality, Luohan is in a sub-health state, with low immunity, and bacteria and parasites take advantage of it, which indirectly leads to fish diseases.

The second is to develop the habit of changing water regularly.

Especially for the aquarium that has not established a good ecology, it is particularly important to change the water regularly in order to avoid the accumulation of toxins. The aquarium with good ecology should also change a small amount of water regularly to promote the metabolism of fish, improve immunity and improve the excitement of Lohan, so as to achieve better viewing effect.

Third, try not to change water and filter materials at will.

Otherwise, biological filtration will be destroyed or the water quality will fluctuate too much. Unless absolutely necessary, it is especially forbidden to completely replace water and filter materials (including thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting filter materials).

(1) Four taboos for changing water every day:

First, avoid raw water when changing cooked water (residual chlorine can directly stimulate Lohan and kill nitrifying bacteria, destroying the ecology);

Second, change warm water to avoid cold water (easy to catch a cold and stress indigestion or even enteritis);

Third, change a small amount to avoid excessive (water quality fluctuation stress);

Fourth, change to gentleness and avoid barbarism (fear causes stress).

② Avoid "sick water" and "poisonous water" to raise fish.

Sick water refers to the originally suitable water quality. After a period of feeding, the water quality has changed and become unsuitable.

Poisonous water is also sick water, especially the highly toxic water caused by improper human management.

Poisonous water with excessive ammonia nitrogen:

It usually happens in aquariums that fail to establish a good ecology. The symptoms of mild poisoning are loss of appetite and dark body color, which can be improved after changing water to dilute the toxin. Repeated poisoning or long-term improvement of water quality will aggravate symptoms, such as blindfolding and tail burning.

Drug toxicity or residual toxic poisons in water:

Although this situation is rare, it is very representative.

The most common drug poisoning is acute poisoning caused by excessive use of furazolidone. Secondly, chronic poisoning caused by heavy metal ion residues (such as copper sulfate) and methyl blue residues is more common. After this kind of medicine is treated, it should be diluted with water for many times. If it is not diluted or taken repeatedly, it will form drug residue water.

Biogas and toxic water with dissolved oxygen exceeding the standard;

It rarely happens in aquariums. Give a brief introduction. Most of the water bodies are seriously eutrophic, and at the same time, the residual bait and feces are piled up too much. These organic substances decompose rapidly at high temperature, producing a large amount of biogas. Acute poisoning often causes serious floating head and stuffy cylinder death. In addition, this poisonous water often causes blister disease, which is very harmful to fry.

For more details about water quality and aquarium ecology, please refer to the related technical posts in the forum.

2, disinfection and sterilization to prevent fish diseases:

Disinfection refers to killing all pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that can cause arahantosis. The contents include environmental disinfection, utensils disinfection, fish body disinfection, fish roe quarantine disinfection and so on.

The mechanism of disinfection to prevent fish diseases is to directly kill pathogens or effectively reduce the number of pathogens, so as to prevent fish diseases caused by pathogen reproduction. Or disinfect the equipment to cut off the transmission route of the disease. All disinfectants are violent disinfection, which is quick and thorough. New compound disinfectants are often a combination of quick-acting and long-acting, and should be properly selected according to specific uses. The specific methods and drugs used will be introduced in detail in subsequent articles.

Environmental disinfection is generally carried out before new fish enter the tank or during the outbreak of fish diseases. Do not bring fish for disinfection during thorough disinfection. As a preventive measure, hairtail can be disinfected because of low drug concentration or low toxic drugs. Disinfection of fish bodies is generally carried out before changing tanks, before newly bought fish enter tanks or during illness, in order not to bring pathogens into new feeding environment or reduce the number of pathogens in fish bodies.

If you have more than one arhat, you should use 1 set of equipment for each cylinder, which is specially used to cut off the transmission route, avoid the spread of fish diseases and prevent mixed cross infection. Especially during the outbreak of fish diseases, don't use the utensils in other fish tanks at will, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the utensils and hands that have come into contact with sick fish.

If it is necessary to raise more arhats in the 1 fish tank, it should be observed in isolation before closing the tank, and then the tank should be closed (generally, it needs more than 1 month).

If there is no condition for isolated observation, the fish should be thoroughly disinfected and quarantined with drugs before closing the tank.

3, "four fixed" feeding to prevent fish diseases:

Regular feeding is helpful to the digestion and absorption of bait, improve the utilization rate of bait, and reduce the occurrence of arhat food accumulation and enteritis. At the same time, the health status of fish can be judged according to the food intake of Lohan, which is convenient for early detection of fish diseases.

① Timing: It means that the feeding time and interval should be fixed every time, so that Lohan can form good eating habits. Raise seedlings 3-4 times a day. Chinese fish 2-3 times a day, big fish 1 time a day.

(2) Fixed-point: It means that the feeding position should be fixed every time, so that Lohan will develop the habit of eating at a fixed point, which is not only convenient for observing the dynamics of fish and checking the feeding situation, but also convenient for finding fish diseases in time.

③ Qualitative judgment: Feed should be fresh and digestible, with balanced nutrition, without pathogens and toxic substances, and cannot be fed with deteriorated or expired bait.

④ Quantification: The feeding amount should be relatively fixed, and the feeding amount should be flexibly determined according to the size, feeding situation and seasonal changes of Lohan. The specific standard is to observe the food intake of fish and the feces of fish. Feeding the right amount of fish has a good appetite, regular foraging and defecation time, thin and short fish feces, good absorption of dark color and not easy to loosen. If the fish stool is light in color and easy to loosen, it means that digestion and absorption are incomplete and it needs to be reduced appropriately. The color of fish feces is very dark, very thin, rarely or even invisible, and the bait is gathered early before the feeding time, indicating that the amount of bait is insufficient.

4. "decompression" to prevent fish diseases:

In daily management, we should try to avoid mechanical damage to Lohan and actions that may cause stress. For example, slapping the fish tank, suddenly turning on the light, suddenly making noise, suddenly cooling down, fishing at will and so on.

In addition, it is also necessary to avoid the pressure caused by sudden changes in the environment and water quality, such as frequent replacement of background color and background paper, large water change, power failure and lack of oxygen. In case of power failure, the oxygen pump of dry battery should be turned on immediately to replenish oxygen. When the room temperature is very low, you should immediately use benzene board and quilt to keep warm, and at the same time mix boiling water in the fish tank to prevent stress and indigestion enteritis caused by rapid cooling.

5. Improve immunity to fish diseases:

The premise of improving Lohan's immunity is to ensure its health, which includes all the problems mentioned above: good ecological environment, suitable water temperature, water quality and dissolved oxygen, balanced diet and so on. In addition, the effective means to improve the immunity of Lohan are:

① Increase the proportion of fresh bait in the bait;

Fresh bait contains many beneficial ingredients and immune factors. Feeding fresh bait often or increasing the proportion of fresh bait can significantly improve the immunity of Lohan. As for the problem that fresh bait may cause parasites, it can be solved by freezing and disinfecting the bait.

② By looking in the mirror and teasing the fish, the excitement of arhat can be improved, and the secretion of arhat hormones can be promoted, thus improving the immunity of arhat;

③ Supplementing feed additives such as vitamins and trace elements;

Vitamins and trace elements are often lacking in bare pot feeding and long-term feeding with poor feed quality, so they should be supplemented at this time. The source of trace elements can be medical stone, volcanic stone, bloodstone, etc. Adde into filter material, or medical stone pow or trace element additive can be added into bait.

When Lohan is ill and in poor health, he should also take vitamins to improve his immunity.

6, rational drug use to prevent fish diseases

In the absence of fish diseases, there are different opinions on whether preventive drugs should be used regularly. My opinion is:

You can't generalize, you should master it flexibly according to the situation, drugs and fish diseases to be prevented.

① Non-toxic drugs such as environmental improvers and biological agents can be used with confidence.

This medicine will not be toxic to fish, nor will it kill beneficial bacteria, so there is no residue problem. Use of environmental modifiers, photosynthetic bacteria, aquatic plants, etc. Can quickly improve the ecology and water quality of the aquarium;

For example, in the case that the newly opened tank water ecosystem is not fully established and the water body lacks buffer, water quality modifiers such as black water and sodium humate can be used;

Photosynthetic bacteria can be used when the water body is seriously eutrophic and the water quality is seriously poor;

Even if it is difficult to maintain water quality often, aquatic plants should be introduced and photosynthetic bacteria should be used to improve water quality.

② Drugs with high toxicity, serious damage to the ecosystem and residues should not be used as much as possible.

—Including all antibiotics (natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic), compound long-acting disinfectants (such as povidone iodine), all heavy metal ions (such as copper sulfate) and dyes (such as methyl blue).

Use carefully, pay attention to medication skills, try not to put drugs in the tank, and try to reduce the damage to the aquarium ecology.

③ Salt is a good cheap, low toxic or non-toxic drug, which should be used as a preventive medicine.

High concentration should be soaked for a short time, which can be used for sterilization, prevention and treatment of common mixed bacteria infection, trauma disinfection, water mold infection (white spot disease), small melon insect infection (white spot disease) and so on. And it can also drive away a variety of body surface parasites. Low concentration can inhibit bacteria, improve stress response of Lohan, and can be administered in cylinder. The role of salt and crude salt is basically the same. The difference is that iodine is added to the salt, which is clean and free of impurities, and its bactericidal ability is stronger than that of the original salt, but it also has the function of killing and inhibiting beneficial bacteria. Compared with the original salt, it is safer and contains a small amount of beneficial minerals and trace elements. The usual preventive concentration and therapeutic concentration will not kill nitrifying bacteria, so the damage to the ecology is very small.

④ Chinese herbal medicine feed additives can be used to prevent fish diseases.

The mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine is complicated. Allicin, Radix Astragali, Galla Chinensis, Capsicum, Artemisinin and other Chinese herbal medicines can be used as fish medicine and feed additives, which have unique effects in preventing and treating bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases, promoting growth and improving immunity. Among them, allicin can selectively kill bacteria, effectively kill Escherichia coli without killing nitrifying bacteria, and is an ideal drug for treating bacterial enteritis of Lohan. I tried to prevent enteritis with garlic juice without allicin on hand, and the effect was satisfactory. I didn't find the problem that Lohan is picky about food and doesn't eat. However, the palatability of feed soaked in furacilin and furazolidone decreased obviously.

⑤ Low-toxic and safe anthelmintics can be added to the feed regularly for quarantine treatment of hexaflagellates and protozoa.

Because six whipworms often appear and are easy to repeat, they often cause six whips infectious enteritis, head holes, nameless pussies, black bodies and so on. It is harmful to Lohan. Individuals with other internal parasites and external parasites are not recommended to be isolated regularly, and routine deworming treatment can be done when suspected symptoms are found.

⑥ Immunoactivators such as Astragalus polysaccharide and Hay polysaccharide can be used as feed additives to improve the immunity of Lohan, and Astragalus polysaccharide can kill and inhibit the virus at the same time.