Although the budget formulated by this cabinet is less than that of the previous cabinet in form 10%, the expansion budget has not changed. The cabinet of Rimi Shiro was forced to deal with the bills left by the previous cabinet, and there was almost no friction with political parties. At the end of the parliament, Lin Shiro suddenly announced the dissolution of the parliament and held a general election. However, since all the bills left over from the previous cabinet have been deliberated and passed, this dissolution is as disgraceful as leaving without money after dinner. Prime Minister Kobayashi's excuse for dissolving the parliament is to "refresh the parliament". In fact, it is to crowd out political parties and form a cabinet in collusion with the government and the army.
It turned out to be counterproductive. In the general election, the People's Party won 180 seats (original 204 seats), the Political Friends Association 17 1 8 seats (original 24 seats), and the National League 165438 seats. In this election, the Social People's Party won 37 seats (the original 20 seats). Criticizing the policies of the current cabinet is the reason for the great victory, which attracts people's attention. In order to continue to serve as prime minister, Prime Minister Kobayashi tried to dissolve the National Assembly again, but on May 28th, the Political Friendship Association and the People's Party reached an agreement and jointly proposed a resolution demanding that the Cabinet of Kobayashi resign. After only four months as prime minister, Lin Shiro announced the resignation of the cabinet. 19 14 to 19 18 World War I was an imperialist war between the allies (23 countries including Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States) and the allies (4 countries including Germany, Austria and Hungary), but the war brought democracy to Britain, France and the United States. As an ally of Britain, Japan stood on the side of the allies, so the tide of nationalism also poured into Japan. In World War I 19 16, Kazuo Yoshino published On the Beauty Ending with the Intention of the Constitution, which is a people-oriented declaration. Previously, the movement to protect the Constitution broke out during the third Keitaro Cabinet. 1897 started the movement for universal suffrage, which entered the sprint stage in19/9 after World War I, and finally passed the (male) universal suffrage law in 1925. 19 17, the October Revolution broke out in Russia, which gave birth to the first socialist country with the workers and peasants regime in the world, which brought great impact to the Japanese ruling class and military departments. On the other hand, intellectuals, supporters of proletarian political parties and the workers' movement have also been greatly influenced, and the workers' movement has developed fiercely. The military department and the right wing felt the "imperial crisis" to this development trend. European powers have almost completely colonized Asia, South America and Africa, and China has also become a place where the powers compete for interests. Under this background, the allies who experienced the fierce world war established the League of Nations in 1920, and successively held the Washington Naval Disarmament Conference (192 1-1922) and the London Naval Disarmament Conference (1930).
However, the military departments and right-wing forces moved against the international disarmament trend, arguing that Japan should become a country on an equal footing with European and American powers, exercise hegemony in the world, stubbornly insist on getting their hands on Manchuria and North China, strongly demand the strengthening of armaments, and critically conclude the London Naval Disarmament Treaty on the grounds of violating the power of the Commander-in-Chief. In internal affairs, he criticized Mino Dage's constitutional theory-"the theory of imperial authority" from 1932, and then launched a national movement to reject the theory of imperial authority from 1935.
1924, the Constitutional Friendship Association split because of whether it supported Qingpu Cabinet or not, and turned to the third party in the general election held in the same year. In order to save the decline, they invited Changzhou Fanpai and army general Tanaka Yiyi as party presidents. The Innovation Club led by Inukai Tsuyoshi became a minority opposition party and merged with the Political Friends Association in 1925. He was a political friend of his own party and tried to overthrow the regime. In the subsequent elections, there was a bribery war between political parties, and the ugly situation was exposed. 1926 Song Dao Lou Qing Street Demolition, 1929 Hokkaido Electric Railway, Toosaka Tram and other five furniture iron enterprises have seen scandals one after another.
The struggle for dispatching valves in the military department is becoming increasingly fierce, and there are also suspicions involving money. However, unlike dealing with political corruption, in the eyes of ordinary people, the military department is giving up its life for the people. They don't know the fierce struggle between the control faction and the imperial faction. People just want Japan to become a world power, so most people support the invasion of Manchuria. 1933 Japan withdrew from the League of Nations. 1934 unilaterally abrogating the Washington naval disarmament treaty. 1936 withdrew from the London naval disarmament conference and a series of actions did not attract national opposition. However, it is an indisputable fact that the internal control faction and the imperial faction are in serious opposition. Imperial officials pinned their hopes on two generals. On the night of barren hills in Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister's Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum, the wild guards at Tawei Station died red, redeemed the wild and chased the criminals. They lived in the wilderness and hunted in the wilderness. The prairie wolf was bright green, the emperor of the Royal Prime Minister's Office waltz, the name of Hwang Bo Hye Jung Fu Huang, the pearl in the crown of the splendid palace, the Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum and the Masaki Yuka Jintaro. They advocated the spirit of Imperial Taoism and shouted for national innovation and Showa reform, thus launching the "February 26th Incident". The young officer who led this incident attacked the control faction in the name of "Jun Qing side". On the contrary, the incident led to the loss of the original power of the imperial group, which advocated cooperating with the new bureaucrats to formulate a comprehensive national policy and establish a general mobilization system, and the ruling group with fascist tendencies mastered the real power of the army.
1937 February, Hirota Hiroshi resigned. When discussing his successor, General Kazushige Ugaki was first put forward. However, in 193 1 year, due to the military's anger at political corruption, currency humiliation, foreign policy and economic depression, Zhou Ming of Dachuan, Hashimoto Tōru of Sakura Society, Chihiro Chihiro and other key figures of the military were involved, and Akira Sugiyama, Chihiro Nomiya, Koike, etc. surrounded the parliament with mass protests and dispatched troops in the name of defending the parliament, forcing the cabinet to resign. This incident became a major reason for the head of the military department to oppose Yu Yuan as prime minister in the name of "having to oppose it from the perspective of purging the army and cabinet management". Others recommended Ichiro Hiranuma, who was also rejected. In private activities, such as Shintaro Ishihara and others, the plan to recommend Rimi Shiro to form a cabinet was successful. As soon as Lin took over the task of forming a cabinet, he took the "Manchurian Gang" such as Ishihara Kwan, Ishibashi Shintaro and Shoko Asahara as his cabinet staff. However, on the question of Lu Xiang's candidate, Ishihara opposed Umezu Yoshijiro, the second officer of the Army. Ishihara wanted to recommend his good friend Banyuan Kiyojiro as Lu Xiang, but Mitsu couldn't stand Banyuan, who was two years younger than him, climbing his head and insisted on appointing Nakamura as the director of education. Lin chose the latter based on his own judgment. Although the Manzhouli gang ran amok, it did not shake Lin's decision. Lin is bald and has a long moustache, like a rich man. In fact, he is eccentric and willful. In order to carry out his ideas, he often does not hesitate to tear his face. In order to unify the army, Lu Xiang, who had served in Okada Cabinet, flatly replaced Masaki Yuka Jintaro, who had great influence in the army. Like before crossing the border and later dealing with the parliament, his most boastful style is this arbitrary style. Lin is such a person.
In any case, in February, 1937, the Cabinet of Kobayashi was established. It is the characteristic of the new cabinet to completely exclude members of political parties from the cabinet. Lin is also the prime minister, and the three positions of foreign minister and literature minister are particularly eye-catching. There is only one cabinet member from the House of Representatives, who entered the cabinet as a non-member after leaving the Showa meeting. Counting the military prime minister's cabinet since the Showa era, Saito's cabinet includes two political friends and a Democratic Party. Katsuya Okada's cabinet members, two political parties, no four. Only one member of Lin Shiro's cabinet entered the cabinet on the condition of leaving the political party. It can be said that Lin Shiro is the prime minister who publicly announced the exclusion of political parties.
On February 15, after the establishment of the cabinet, Lin delivered a policy address in both houses, claiming that the policy agenda of the new cabinet included five aspects: respecting gods and worshiping emperors, developing a unique constitutional government, adopting a consistent foreign policy throughout the country, enriching national defense armament, and comprehensively developing the cause. To this end, we must resolutely implement appropriate reforms. Even Saionji Kinmochi was puzzled by this delicate plan which lacked concrete content. However, it is obvious that Lin wants to completely kick off the existing political parties and establish a fascist party that is pro-warlord, and rely on this party to realize his own unique constitutionalism. The title of the post belongs to Cabinet Minister Hayashi Shiro, and the term of office begins and ends. He is a general of the reserve army 1937.2.2 1937.6.4 Foreign Minister Koburo Lin is also an official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1937.2.2 1937.3.3 Sato Takeshi 65438+. 3.3/KOOC-0/937.6.4 Interior Minister Kawarada Jiaji, Interior Ministry Bureaucrat/KOOC-0/937.2.2/KOOC-0/937.6.4 Minister Yamato, Akio Toyoda, Laid off/KOOC-0/937.2.2/KOOC-. 8+0937.2.2 1 937.2.9 General Hajime Sugiyama 1937.2.9 1937.6.4 Minister of the Navy Mina Gwangju vice admiral1937.2.2/KLOC. 937.2.2/KOOC-0/938/KOOC-0/937.2.2/KOOC-0/937.6.4 Godo Takuo, Minister of Commerce and Industry, Captain-Chief of Naval Shipbuilding/KOOC-0/937.2.2/KOOC-0/937.2. 1937.2.10/937.6.4 Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Godo Takuo concurrently 1937.2.2 1937.6.4 Minister of Promotion Affairs Jiecheng Taro concurrently10. Seminar 1937.2.2 1937.6.4 Legal Director Guan Chuanyue Zhang Xiongda Kun Provincial Bureaucrat 1937.2.2 1937.6.4 The new year has started, and the budget for this year just drawn up by the former cabinet has left in a hurry. Akio Toyoda, former president of the Industrial Bank of Japan and head of the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, became a representative of the financial sector and promoted "military-financial collusion". The budget of 3 billion yen set by the former cabinet was reduced by 260 million yuan. Although the budget formulated by this cabinet is less than that of the previous cabinet in form 10%, the main cuts are social policy fees and local payments, and the budget for military expansion has not changed. Shiro Hayashi is very uneasy about whether this plan can be passed in Parliament. When the 70th parliament deliberated the government budget, Lin attached great importance to the parliament and was sincere, which enabled the government plan to be passed smoothly. However, on the third day after the parliament passed the government budget, Lin Shiro suddenly announced the dissolution of the parliament and held a general election. Since all the bills left over from the previous cabinet have been deliberated and passed, this dissolution is as disgraceful as leaving without money after dinner. Prime Minister Lin Shiro dissolved the parliament on the pretext of "refreshing the parliament". In fact, he wanted to crowd out political parties and collude with the government to form a cabinet. However, he had no idea about Fumimaro Konoe's plan to form a big political party, and his eagerness to start daydreaming just exposed his political ignorance.
The result of the 20th general election was completely contrary to expectations. Among the 466 seats in the House of Representatives, there are more than 400 opposition members. Among them, the People's Party won 180 seats (original 204 seats), the Political Friends Association 17 1 seat, the Showa Association 18 seats (original 24 seats), and the National League 1 1 seat (original 24 seats) What is particularly striking is that in this election, the Social People's Party won 37 seats (the original 20 seats), and criticizing the policies of the current cabinet was the reason for its great victory. Arguably, Lin Shiro should admit defeat and take the initiative to resign. However, Lin clung to the political power and boasted at local meetings: It is my duty to observe whether Members reflect. Lin's arrogant attitude finally angered the political parties that repeatedly made concessions. People's political parties and friends' associations jointly held a meeting on May 28th. In a statement demanding the resignation of the Prime Minister, they accused Lin of arbitrarily interpreting the imperial constitution according to his subjective opinions, which trampled on 50 years of constitutionalism and launched a large-scale cabinet turnover movement. On May 3 1 day, Koburo Hayashi, who could no longer rely on the position of Prime Minister, announced his cabinet resignation after only four months as Prime Minister.