Anyone who comes into contact with Beijing opera, especially those who learn to sing it, will be involved in how to identify the sharp figures. The concept of Sharp Group figures and how to identify them are controversial in the industry. The author consulted various books and materials, trying to clarify some problems from a practical point of view for reference. In various monographs on the phonology of Beijing Opera, there are two kinds of expressions for the word "Jiantuan", which I call "Narrow Tuan Theory" (referred to as "Narrow Tuan Theory").

1. "Narrow sense" refers to sharp words: some words with initials J, Q and X turn into words with initials Z, C and S, and vowels I or ü are sharp words. For example, the pronunciation of "Jiang" is pronounced after the sharp sound is reversed; Read "Qing" clearly and read sharp CIN；; After switching; "Xiang" is pronounced as Xiang, and the sharp sound siang is pronounced after cutting. The rest of the words with j, q and x as initials are called dumplings. Here are some key points:

(1) The division of radical words is limited to the range of words whose initials are J, Q and X;

(2) sharp words take Z, C and S as initial consonants, and group words take J, Q and X as initial consonants, while other words are not sharp words;

(3) The sharp words must be "Qiti Hu" and "Rude Tribe Tiger", that is, the vowels are I and ü or the vowels are I and ü, so there is no problem of sharp words in "Kaikou Tribe Tiger" and "Hekou Tribe Tiger";

(4) Not all the words of J, Q and X can become sharp words, nor can all homophones become sharp words. For example, "Jing" can be changed to zin sound, but the homonym "Jing" cannot be changed, that is, it can only be a group sound;

(5) Pointed words belong to dialect words, which can be said to be a catchy part;

(6) Cut into sharp-voiced words without changing the original sound of four-tone words. The "narrow sense" of Sharp Group characters is more "orthodox", and most people agree with this concept, especially the artists of the previous generation. The so-called sharp group words generally belong to the "narrow sense" scope, and the sharp group words often mentioned by people in the industry are also this concept.

Second, "broad sense" refers to the syllabic words: all words with initials Z, C and S are called syllabic words, including those with initials Z, C and S that belong to the unmodified Putonghua sequence; All words with j, q, x, zh, ch and sh as initials are called dumplings, the former is called "light dumplings" and the latter is called "heavy dumplings". This statement greatly expanded the scope of Sharp dumplings and broke the boundary between dialects and non-dialects. At the same time, it is not limited to "snap your teeth" and "pinch your mouth", but involves all the words of "four calls", which is harmless. There is a saying that the emphasis on distinguishing sharp groups ("narrow sense") is aimed at not distinguishing sharp groups in northern language families. However, the southern language family, especially the southern Jiangsu language family, has the problems of "secondary branch", "secondary idiot" and "similarity". Therefore, by the same token, emphasizing the differences between Z and zh, C and ch, S and sh with "generalized theory" is also conducive to learning Beijing opera well for Beijing opera lovers born and raised in southern Jiangsu.

The book phonological knowledge of Peking Opera was written by Yang, and the book phonological knowledge of Peking Opera was written by Yun and Huang Jiaheng. Apart from academic issues, the author believes that the two viewpoints are not contradictory, on the contrary, they are completely compatible. Mr. Chu Xiaomei pointed to the lyrics in his Selected Works of Mei Lanfang's Singing.

Third, it is a difficult problem how to distinguish the sharp figures. The author summarizes several immature methods in practice for reference:

1, remember the first letter of the word. From the perspective of "generalized theory", all the words with initials Z, C and S are sharp words, all the words with initials J, Q, X, zh, ch and sh are group words, and the words with other initials have nothing to do with sharp sounds. Many people find it difficult to distinguish the initials Z from zh, C from ch, S from sh. On the other hand, you can remember several representative words with Z, C and S as initials, and then remember other words by analogy. Modern Chinese (edited by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong) lists more than 60 representative words with Z, C and S as initial consonants (the sharp words of "generalized theory"): Zhuan, Zhuan, Zee, Zu, Zu, Z, capitalized, Zi, Zi, Zhen, Zai, Zao and Yu. Si, Si, Similarity, Cuo, Suo, Sui, San, Sang, Song, Sun, Bamboo Shoot. Remembering these words is very helpful for analogy and distinction of pointy characters, which can get twice the result with half the effort.