For months, food and drinking water were cut off from the palace. Eventually starved to death (that is, King Wuling of Zhao). After Li Dui became a prime minister, he acted arbitrarily on state affairs during his son's growth. In the first 292 years, Zhao Haoqi Huiwen was founded in the Southern Tang Dynasty. About 288 years ago, under the attack of Wei Zhaowang, Ge Nie (now southwest of Feixiang County, Hebei Province) was presented to Zhao Huiwen as a "city closure order" to unite Zhao with Qin. In the same year, Zhao sent and Wei Jun to attack the Song Dynasty. The following year, Zhao joined forces with Yan, Han, Wei and Qi to attack the State of Qin, forcing the State of Qin to abolish the Emperor's name and return the princes and princes previously seized by the State of Qin to Zhao. The following year, Zhao sent troops from Qin, Yan, Han and Wei to cut Qi, and Huiwen made Yan the monarch and Hou. After the five kingdoms split, the armies of Zhao and Yan still jointly attacked Qi. Qin had already transferred troops back to attack Sanjin, and the two cities of Lin (now Lishi West, Shanxi) and Qi (now southeast of Qixian County, Shanxi) of Zhao were captured by Qin's general Leitian. After the decline of Qi, Zhao was the most powerful country among the seven countries except Qin. When he wanted to expand his power in the East, Zhao was the first person to do so. In order to remove obstacles, the king of Qin sent troops to attack Zhao many times. Lian Po led Zhao to defeat repeatedly, forcing Qin to change its strategy and implement Lian Heng. In the 13th year of Huiwen, Zhao Haoqi made peace with Zhao Xiang in Zhongyang (now west of Zhongyang County, Shaanxi Province). Qin joined forces with Han, Yan, Wei and Zhao to crusade against Qi, and defeated Qi. Among them, in the 15th year of King Huiwen (in the first 284 years), Lian Po led the Zhao army to cut Qi, marched straight into it, captured it (now west of Dancheng, Shandong Province, which was originally a patriotic territory, and later returned to Qi), and became a sublime vassal, and Ye Zhao became the first of the six Shandong countries. Lian Po moved troops back to Korea to worship Shang Qing (Shang Qing was the most senior civil servant at that time), and the State of Qin dared not rashly attack Zhao because of Lian Po's power. Since then, Lian Po led the army to fight, held his ground and captured it, and almost won every battle, which had a great influence on other countries. In the twentieth year of Zhao Huiwen (278 BC), Lian Po conquered an army of Qi. In the twenty-second year of Zhao Huiwen (276 BC), he cut Qi again and captured it for several years. The following year, Lian Po attacked Wei and captured Fangling (now twenty miles south of Anyang, Henan Province) and Anyang City (now forty-three miles southwest of Anyang County, Henan Province). Zhao was once powerful and became a barrier for eastern governors to stop Qin from advancing eastward. /kloc-Qin did not dare to attack Zhao in 0/0. When it comes to Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, people often praise Lian Po's courage and frankness and Lin Xiangru's courage and generosity, but ignore an important figure, that is, Zhao Haoqi Huiwen, who has made this generation of celebrities and talents. Although the description of Zhao Huiwen is not much, it is enough to illustrate his image characteristics, indicating that he was a wise monarch in the Warring States period.
In the third aspect, King Huiwen of Zhao was strict in rewarding and punishing governors. Lian Po made great contributions to "cutting Qi, breaking it and taking it", and Zhao Huiwen named him Shangqing. Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao intact and lived up to his mission. King Huiwen of Zhao made him a doctor. At Mianchi meeting, Lin Xiangru stood face to face with the king of Qin, safeguarded Zhao's dignity, and named him Shangqing. The official made Miao Xian feel guilty and wanted to betray Zhao Touyan. This is the crime of decapitation. When Miao Xian repented and "naked resignation confessed", King Zhao Huiwen pardoned him. Such severe rewards and punishments really show the demeanor of a generation of wise kings.
Therefore, at the end of the Warring States Period, Zhao was able to compete with Qin for a long time, not only because of such a brave general, such as Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, but also because of a wise king, such as Zhao Huiwen. It was he who inherited the inheritance of King Wuling of Zhao, recruited talents from all over the world, made suggestions and made strict rewards and punishments, which made Zhao, who was originally weak, in an invincible position for a long time. Therefore, it can be said that Zhao Huiwen is a wise king of a generation.
Taking political means as the way to govern the country, Emperor Huiwen of Zhao Haoqi is a more effective monarch after Wuling of Zhao Haoqi. He once took Le Yi and Yuan Jun as prime minister, Lin Xiangru as senior minister, Lian Po and Zhao She as generals, convinced Qiang Qin by reasoning with foreign countries, and rectified taxes internally, so that "the country is rich and the treasury is strong" militarily, and the land of Qi Wei was captured continuously. In the first 283 years, Lian Po captured Xiyang (now northwest of Jinxian County, Hebei Province). In the last three years, Zhao She captured Qimaiqiu (now northwest of Shandong Shanghe), and in the first 276 years, Lian Po captured several states of Wei (now southeast of Daming, Hebei). At that time, it was said that Zhao "wanted to be equal for more than forty years, and Qin was not in its place" ("Warring States Policy Zhao Ce San"). 270 years ago, Shangdang from Qin Jun, Viet Nam and North Korea attacked Zhao Dikui and (now heshun county, Shanxi) on a large scale. Zhao She led Zhao Guoxian to be paralyzed by slow marching, and then rushed to Cuihe Gaolinxia to defeat Qin Jun. Since then, Lian Po has been defeated several times. In the war of annexing Qin during Huiwen period, Zhao was the only country that could compete with it. In the thirty-third year of Huiwen in Zhao Haoqi, in 266 BC, Huiwen in Zhao Haoqi died, and Prince Cheng Xiao ascended the throne as Zhao Haoqi.
Good advice, Zhao. Good advice, good advice. This is one of the necessary conditions for becoming a wise monarch.
Most sages in history are famous for this. When King Huiwen of Zhao was in a dilemma for the king of Qin to exchange the city for jade, he was able to listen to Miao Xian's recommendation, summoned Lin Xiangru, and accepted Lin Xiangru's suggestion that "it is better to lose Qin Qu" and won the initiative. Before Mianchi meeting, the meeting was "afraid of Qin" and unwilling to attend. Lian Po Lin Xiangru remonstrated: "Don't do it, it can be seen that Zhao is timid." Zhao Haoqi Huiwen accepted the suggestions of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru and went to Mianchi for a meeting regardless of his personal safety. Lian Po also put forward the idea of threatening the prince of Zhao to be held hostage by the State of Qin. If King Zhao Huiwen "doesn't return it within 30 days", "Please make the prince king". Zhao Haoqi Huiwen also agreed without hesitation. At the moment of conflict between personal safety and national interests, Wang Huiwen of Zhao Can listened to the protests of officials with an open mind and said that it was really commendable to put national interests first. The anecdotal story belongs to Zhao in 283 BC. The King of Qin sent an emissary to see Huiwen with credentials, saying that the King of Qin was willing to give up fifteen cities in exchange for a precious piece of "Harmony Jade" collected by Zhao, hoping that the King of Zhao would agree.
Zhao Haoqi will discuss with ministers whether to agree. I wanted to promise, but I was afraid of being taken in by Qin. If you lose Cui, you won't get the city. If you don't promise, you are afraid to offend Qin. After talking for a long time, I still can't decide what to do.
At that time, Lin Xiangru was recommended as a very knowledgeable person.
Zhao Haoqi Huiwen called Lin Xiangru and asked him for an idea.
Lin Xiangru said: "Qin Guoqiang and Zhao Guo are weak, so we can't do it without agreeing."
King Zhao Huiwen said, "Did the State of Qin seize the jade and not give it to the city?"
Lin Xiangru said, "The State of Qin exchanged fifteen cities for a piece of jade, which is high enough. If Zhao doesn't answer, it is Zhao's fault. The King of Qi sent Choi and Choi, and if Qin doesn't hand over the city, it's Qin's fault. I would rather promise to let Qin bear this mistake. "
King Zhao Huiwen said, "Then please go to the State of Qin. But what if Qin doesn't keep his word? "
Lin Xiangru said: "When Qin handed over to the city, I left He Shibi in Qin; Otherwise, I will definitely bring Bi back to Zhao in good condition. " (the original text is "returned to Zhao intact". )
Lin Xiangru took Cui to Xianyang. Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, proudly received him in another palace. Lin Xiangru offers the wall of harmony.
Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, took the wall and looked at it. He was very happy. He handed the wall to the beautiful woman and the courtiers, so that everyone could pass it around. Ministers all congratulated Zhao Xiang, king of Qin.
Lin Xiangru stood in the court waiting for ages, but he didn't see the king of Qin changing cities. He knew that Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, didn't really regard the city as a wall. But this jade has fallen into someone else's hands. How can I get it back?
He used his quick wits to come forward and said to the king of Qin, "Although this treasure is very valuable, it has some minor defects, so it is not easy to see. Let me show it to your majesty. "
The king of Qin believed it, so he ordered his attendants to hand him Cui and Lin Xiangru.
As soon as Lin Xiangru got the treasure, he took a step back, leaned against a big pillar in the palace, glared at him and said angrily, "Your Majesty sent an envoy to Zhao, saying that he was willing to exchange fifteen cities for Zhao's treasure. Zhao Wang sincerely sent me to see him off. However, the king did not exchange sincerity. Now I have jade. If the king forces me, I'd rather smash my head on this pillar with this wall! "
Said, and he really picked up and choi, to hit the post.
Zhao Haoqi of Qin was afraid that he really broke the jade, so he quickly apologized to him and said, "Don't get me wrong, sir. Where can I say it doesn't count?"
He ordered the minister to take the map and show it to Lin Xiangru in exchange for the fifteen cities of Zhao.
Lin Xiangru thought, don't be fooled by him. He said, "Before the Prince of Zhao sent him to the State of Qin, he fasted for five days and held a grand ceremony in the imperial court. If the king sincerely changes jade, he will fast for five days and then hold a ceremony to collect jade before I dare to offer it. "
Zhao Haoqi of Qin thought, you can't run away anyway, so he said, "OK, let's do it."
He ordered that Lin Xiangru be sent to a hotel to rest.
Lin Xiangru returned to the hotel, asked a waiter to dress up as a businessman, hid the jade close to his body, and sneaked back to Zhao from the path.
Five days later, the state of Qin called ministers and envoys of various countries to hold a ceremony in Xianyang to accept Cui in this court, which is called the Lin Xiangru court. Lin Xiangru walked unhurriedly to the temple and saluted Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin.
King Xiang of Qin said, "I have fasted for five days. Now take out the jade. "
Lin Xiangru said: "Since Qin Mugong, there have been more than 20 monarchs in the State of Qin, and none of them is a loyal minister. Afraid of being cheated, I lost my wall. I was sorry for Zhao Wang, so I returned the wall to Zhao. Please ask the king to deal with my sins. "
Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, was very angry when he heard this. Say, "Did you lie to me or did I lie to you?"
Lin Xiangru said calmly, "Please don't be angry and let me finish. All the governors in the world know that Qin is a strong country and Zhao is a weak country. In the world, only strong countries bully weak countries, and there is no reason why weak countries bully strong countries. If the king really wants the Great Wall, please cede 15 cities to Zhao, and then send messengers to Zhao with me to get the Great Wall.
After Zhao won fifteen cities, he never dared to give up. "
After listening to Lin Xiangru's eloquence, it's hard to turn against Qin. He had to say, "It's just a piece of jade, and we shouldn't hurt the harmony between the two families because of it."
As a result, Lin Xiangru was sent back to Zhao.
Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao, and King Huiwen of Zhao thought that he had fulfilled his mission, so he was promoted to be a doctor. The item of Qin did not mean to exchange fifteen cities for Choi, but wanted to test Zhao's attitude and strength through this matter. After Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao intact, he did not submit any changes.
In order to offer a humble apology, Xiang of Qin wanted to make Zhao yield, invaded the border of Zhao one after another and occupied some places. In 279 BC, he played another trick and invited Zhao to Mianchi (now Mianchi County, Henan Province) to see him. Huiwen began to be afraid of being detained by Qin, and he was afraid to go. General Lian Po and Lin Xiangru both thought that if they didn't go, they would show weakness to Qin.
Zhao Haoqi Huiwen decided to bite the bullet and take a risk. He asked Lin Xiangru to go with him and Lian Po to stay at home and help the prince stay.
In case of accidents. Zhao Haoqi Huiwen also sent general Li Mu to lead the troops with 5,000 escorts, and Prime Minister Ping Yuanjun led tens of thousands of troops to meet them at the border.
On the appointed meeting date, the king of Qin and the king of Zhao met in Mianchi, and held a banquet, drinking and chatting happily.
After a few drinks, Zhao Haoqi of Qin said to Huiwen of Zhao Haoqi, "I heard that Zhao Haoqi plays the piano very well. Please let Wang Zhao play a song to make everyone happy. " After that, I really asked around to bring Arthur up.
Zhao Haoqi Huiwen couldn't refuse, so he had to play a song reluctantly.
Historians of the State of Qin wrote it down on the spot and read: "On a certain day in a certain year, the king of Qin and the king of Zhao met in Mianchi, and the king of Qin ordered the king of Zhao to play the piano."
Zhao Haoqi Huiwen turned purple with anger. Just then, Lin Xiangru suddenly knelt down in front of the king of Qin with a piece of pottery and said, "The king of Zhao heard that the king of Qin is good at playing the piano. I have a clay pot here, please do me the honor of knocking a few times. "
Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, was furious and ignored him.
Lin Xiangru's eyes flashed with anger and said, "Your Majesty is a bully. Although Qin is powerful, I can spill my blood on the king in these five steps! "
Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, was very surprised when he saw this momentum in Lin Xiangru, so he had to pick up the bat and knock it on the hammer several times.
Lin Xiangru turned to the Zhao Historian and wrote it down, saying, "On a certain day in a certain year, the king of Zhao and the king of Qin met in Mianchi. The king of Qin whipped the king of Zhao. "
The minister of Qin was unconvinced when he saw that Lin Xiangru dared to hurt the dignity of the king of Qin in this way.
Someone stood up and said, "Please ask the King of Zhao to cede fifteen cities to the King of Qin for a long life."
Lin Xiangru also stood up and said, "Please ask the King of Qin to cede Xianyang City to Zhao, so that King Zhao Canwang can live a long life."
Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, was very nervous about this situation. He had heard beforehand that Zhao had sent troops to be stationed nearby, and if there was a real fight, I'm afraid it wouldn't be cheap for him, so he stopped Minister Qin and said, "Today is the day when the princes of the two countries get together, so there is no need to say anything."
In this way, the Mianchi meeting between the two countries finally came to a successful conclusion.
Lin Xiangru sent two missions to save Zhao, which contributed greatly. King Huiwen of Zhao trusted Lin Xiangru very much and worshipped him to chat, ranking above General Lian Po.
Lian Po was unconvinced, and privately said to his opponent publicly, "I am a general of Zhao, and I have made great contributions. What's so great about Lin Xiangru? Climb over my head. Hum! When I see Lin Xiangru, I always want to give him some color to see see. "
This sentence reached Lin Xiangru's ears, and Lin Xiangru pretended to be ill and didn't go to court.
One day, Lin Xiangru went out by car with the public guests. Just as he was about to go, he saw Lian Po's chariots and horses coming from a distance. He told the driver to retreat to the alley and hide. Let Lian Po's chariots and horses pass first.
This incident broke Lin Xiangru's door, and they all blamed Lin Xiangru for being so timid.
Lin Xiangru said to them, "Do you think even the generals are worse than the king of Qin?"
They said, "Of course, the king of Qin is powerful."
Lin Xiangru said, "Yes! All the princes in the world are afraid of the king of Qin. In order to defend Zhao, I dare to accuse him to his face. Why am I afraid when I see General Lian? Because I thought that the powerful state of Qin did not dare to invade Zhao, just because I was here with General Lian. If the two of us don't get along, Qin will take the opportunity to invade Zhao. Just for this, I would rather make some concessions. "
Someone told this story to Lian Po, and Lian Po felt very ashamed. He went to Lin Xiangru's house to confess, topless, carrying Vitex negundo. When he met Lin Xiangru, he said, "I am a rude man with little knowledge and narrow mind. I didn't know you were so tolerant of me. I really dare not see you. Please punish me. "
Lin Xiangru quickly helped Lian Po up and said, "We are all ministers of Zhao. I am grateful to the general for understanding me. How can you still give me a gift? "
Both of them shed tears with excitement. From then on, the two became bosom friends.
Zhao Huiwen likes fencing. There are more than 3,000 swordsmen living around the palace gate, fencing with each other day and night, killing or injuring more than 0/00 people a year. But King Wen of Zhao still likes fencing, but he doesn't hate it. If this situation continues for three years, the country will be in danger. The princes plotted to seize it. The prince was very worried, so he called around the ministers and said, "Whoever can persuade the king to stop swordsmen's activities will be given a daughter." The left and right courtiers said, "Zhuangzi can do it." The prince then sent someone to send his daughter to Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi refused to accept, and took the messenger to see the prince, saying, "What does the prince want me to do to give birth to a daughter for me?" The prince said, "I heard that you are a wise saint, and I am willing to give you a thousand dollars to convince you." If Mr. Wang doesn't accept it, how dare I say so? "Zhuangzi said," I heard that the reason why the prince used me was to put an end to the preference of the king. If I persuade the king against his wishes, I will be appointed by the prince and I will be put to death. What should I do with my daughter? If I can convince the king that I can complete the task entrusted to me by the prince, what else can I ask Zhao? "The prince said," that's right. Our king only receives swordsmen. " Zhuangzi said, "All right. I am good at using swords. " The prince said, "But all the swordsmen received by our king were unkempt, wearing heavy crowns and short sleeves, glaring and questioning each other, which made him very happy. Now, Mr. Wang must wear a Confucian suit to visit the king, which is bound to cause problems. Zhuangzi said, "Please make swordsmen's clothes. "It took me three days to make a swordsman's costume, and then I went to visit the prince. The prince took Zhuangzi to the king. The king drew his sword and waited for him. Zhuangzi entered the palace gate without rushing forward or bowing down when he saw the king. The king said, "Are you going to enlighten me and let the prince introduce me in advance? "Zhuangzi said," I heard that the king likes fencing, so I took fencing to visit him. " The king said, "how can you subdue your opponent with fencing?" "Zhuangzi said," My swordsmanship is to kill one person in ten steps, and it's a thousand miles away. The king was very happy and said, "The world is invincible. "Zhuangzi said:" The swordsmanship shows that people are empty and unpredictable, so people can't guard against it when using it. When they start from behind, they attack first. I hope I can give it a try. " The king said, "Mr. Wang has a rest. Go to the building and wait for orders. Please invite Mr. Wang after I order the fencing competition to be arranged. "So the king let the swordsmen compete for seven days, and more than sixty people died. I chose five or six people to hold swords under the palace, so I called them Zhuangzi. The king said, "Please confront the swordsmen today." Zhuangzi said, "I've been waiting for a long time." The king said, "How long is Mr. Wang's sword? "Zhuangzi said," I can use any sword. However, I have three kinds of swords for you to use. Please allow me to talk about them first and then come to the competition. " The king said, "I want to hear three swords." Zhuangzi said: "There are heavenly swords, princes' swords and Shu Ren's swords." The king said, "What is the sword of the son of heaven? "Zhuangzi" said: "The sword of the Emperor of Heaven takes Shicheng as the tip, Qi Taishan as the blade, Jin and Song as the back, Zhou and Song as the ring, Nan and Wei as the handle, four seasons, Bohai Sea, Hengshan Mountain as the belt, five actions as the balance, life and death as the judgment, and yin and yang as the change. "This kind of sword, straight forward, exalted above all else, pressed but not dropped, and kept running. You can decide what the cloud is, and you can cut off the foundation. Once this sword is used, it can correct the princes and make the world submit. This is the sword of the son of heaven. " King Wen Hui panicked and said, "What about the warlord's sword?" Zhuangzi said: "The sword of a warlord takes the brave as the tip, the incorruptible as the blade, the sage as the back, the sage as the ring and the noble as the handle. This sword goes straight, holds high, presses down and runs horizontally. Imitate the upper round sky to conform to the three lights of the sun, the moon and the stars, and imitate the lower square ground to conform to the four seasons; China, according to the will of the people. Once used, this kind of sword is like the shock of thunder. No one in the four kingdoms disobeyed the king's orders. This is the sword of the princes. " The king said, "What about Shu Ren's sword?" Zhuangzi said, "Shu Ren's sword has hair protruding from the sideburns, a heavy crown and fuzzy tassels, and short-backed clothes. Glaring, attacking each other in front of everyone, cutting off people's heads, cutting off their liver and lungs, it is difficult to clean up. This kind of Shu Ren sword is no different from cockfighting, and it is useless to affairs. Now, the king has the status of the son of heaven and likes Shu Ren's fencing. I personally disdain the king. " The king then led him to the temple, and the person in charge of housework brought the food. The king walked around the food three times. Zhuangzi said, "Your Majesty, please come down and calm down. I have finished playing fencing! " So King Wen Hui stayed out of the palace for three months, and all the swordsmen drew their swords and committed suicide at their residence.
Fathers of family members: Zhao Wuling and Wang.
Mother: Wu Wa
Brothers: Zhao Zhang, Zhao Bao (Pingyang Jun) and Zhao Sheng (Ping Yuanjun)
Sister: Princess Zhao, Zhao Huiwen's mother and sister.
Queen: Zhao.
Children: Zhao, Wang Zhaodan, Chang, Yan Hou (Queen Yan Wucheng).
Historical Records Biography Volume 43 Zhao Thirteenth
Anecdote Zhao Wang Huiwen Thirty years ago, Tian Jun Dan from Anping, Guo Xiang talked to Zhao She. He said, "It's not that I don't like your tactics of using troops. What I don't admire is that you use too many troops. If more soldiers are used, ordinary people will not be able to farm well, and food will be sold from other countries and transported over long distances, which will not guarantee the supply of troops. This is a self-defeating and desperate way, and I won't do it. It is said that the emperor can subdue the whole world with no more than 30 thousand soldiers. Now, general, you have to rely on a large number of soldiers at a time100000 or even 200000 to fight. This is something I don't appreciate. "
Ma Fujun Zhao She said, "It seems that you are not only unfamiliar with the way of fighting, but also ignorant of the current military situation. Wu's sword, combined with the body, can cut off cattle and horses, combined with metal, can cut off disks and turns. If you hit it against a post, it will break into three pieces; If you hit it on a stone, it will break into a hundred pieces. Using 30 thousand troops against the army of a powerful country is like a sword leaning against a post and hitting a stone. Besides, although General Wu's sword is sharp, it is even more rare that if the back of the sword is not thick enough, the tip of the sword can't stab people; If the surface of the sword is not thin enough, the blade can't break anything. If you have such a sword back and sword face at the same time, but there are no auxiliary things such as sword ring, blade, rapier and wearing. Then you have to stab an object with a blade. In this case, your finger will be cut off before the sword enters the object.
If there is no army of 100,000-200,000 troops as supporting parts such as swords, just want to rely on 30,000 elites to run the world, how can it be done? Besides, in ancient times, the world was divided into many vassal States. Even in big cities, the walls are no more than 300 feet; Even if the population is large, it will not exceed three thousand. If we use 30,000 well-trained troops to attack such a city, what are the difficulties? Now many ancient vassal States have merged into the Seven Heroes of the Warring States. They can rally100000 troops to fight a protracted war of attrition. If this continues for several years, you will be in the state of Qi (attacked by Yan). Qi attacked Chu with 200,000 troops, and it took five years to end the war. It took five years for Zhao to send 200,000 troops to destroy Zhongshan. If Qi and South Korea are evenly matched and besieged each other, who dares to brag to me that he can rescue these two countries with 30 thousand troops? Fiona Fang's big cities have tens of thousands of registered permanent residence, facing each other. If you want to surround a big city with 30 thousand troops, I'm afraid you can't surround a corner of the city. As for the field, it is even more inadequate. What can you do with this power? "Anping Tian Jun shan shan sighed and said," I really can't compare with your cleverness! "