Among famous artists, the proportion of eye mismatch is amazing. These include the famous Picasso, Weiss and Rembrandt. Margaret, a professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School? 6? 1 Livingstone studied 36 self-portraits of Rembrandt, and came to the conclusion that the eyes of the master artist may be squint, which gives him an innate advantage over ordinary people when transferring a three-dimensional world to a two-dimensional plane canvas. Strabismus patients are often stereoblind, and the brain cannot combine the independent images in two retinas to form deep cognition. Perhaps this is why Rembrandt can automatically observe the three-dimensional world from a plane angle and move it to a two-dimensional canvas. Livingstone's research was published in the New England Journal of Medicine. Dr. Livingstone is an expert in visual cognition. A few years ago, when she was admiring Rembrandt's self-portrait in the Louvre, she found that the painter's eyes were a bit special, and his eyes were asymmetrical. Sometimes the right eye deviates from its correct position, and sometimes the left eye deviates from its position. She doesn't know whether it's random or internal. In order to find out the truth, Livingstone and her assistant studied some high-resolution self-portraits (24 oil paintings and 12 prints), including Rembrandt's oil paintings and prints that were considered authentic. Most of these 40-year-old works show similar characteristics: one eye looks directly at the audience and the other eye moves to one side. Of these 36 works, 35 show signs of the painter's squint. In oil painting, the painter always looks straight ahead with his right eye and swims with his left eye. In printmaking, because the picture is upside down, it is just the opposite. Strabismus is usually caused by muscular dysplasia that regulates the eyes in childhood. When one eye is fixed on the target, the other eye is free. In order to avoid diplopia, children learn to suppress images produced by free eyes. Fortunately, stereoblindness will not have a serious impact on patients' lives, because the brain will use corresponding mechanisms to make up for this defect and let patients see normal images. However, no matter how hard the patient tries, he can't see the three-dimensional image from the three-dimensional slide toy. This kind of children's toy realizes three-dimensional effect by providing different images for each eye. They can't tell the hidden objects in the complex background of "three-dimensional painting". Livingstone said that 10% people are stereoblind. Due to different degrees, some slight stereoscopic blindness can't even notice this. But most of them may have squint eyes, and some patients have dyslexia. Livingstone wants to know whether the proportion of stereoscopic blindness and dyslexia among artists is above average. Therefore, she and her colleagues studied 53 famous artists and found that a surprising proportion of them had mismatched eyes. Among them are the famous Picasso and Weiss. Stereo blindness can make artists better understand two-dimensional pictures. It is not easy to move the rich three-dimensional world to the canvas. In order to express the depth of perspective, artists use various techniques: they use high contrast or high definition to express close-up objects; Use cool tones and fuzzy strokes to represent distant objects. Artists with stereoscopic blindness have a natural observation ability, which enables them to focus on the shape of objects and the surrounding space, which gives them a natural advantage when moving the stereoscopic world to the screen. Of course, there are also many people who are stereoscopic blind and have no artistic talent. Walter. 6? 1 Liedtke is an expert at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Holland and Flanders. He is also studying visual cognition. He thinks this discovery makes sense. But he was worried that it was only because Rembrandt was painting a self-portrait through the mirror. He said, "The easel is on one side and the mirror is on the other side, so one eye can't be perpendicular to the mirror." Other scientists are very interested in Livingstone's research. But at the same time, they think that the mere existence of strabismus is not enough to explain all the talents of Rembrandt.