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Wu Cheng, whose real name is Youqing, is from Chongren, Fuzhou. Gao Zuye, who lived in Xiankou for the first time, became a stranger between Gai Hua and Linchuan. The night before Cheng Sheng died, his hometown elders saw strange gas descending to his house, and neighbors dreamed that something was winding down in the pool next to his house before telling people that Cheng Sheng was born. Enlightenment at the age of three, teaching ancient poems and reciting them casually. Five-year-old, suffering from more than 1000 words every day, reading to Dan at night, her mother worried that she was too diligent, saving ointment and fire, not much, waiting for her mother to go to bed, burning fire to repeat reading. At the age of nine, from a group of children to trying rural schools, everyone was at the forefront. Since he is a dragon, he has studied in classics and biographies, and he knows how to make great efforts to learn from sages, but he has missed the scholars.
In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty, the thief began to live in Bushui Valley, and Zheng Song of Le 'an recruited him to write chapters and sentences of the Book of Changes, Poems, Spring and Autumn Annals, The Book of Rites and Dai Ji. Cheng Jufu, an imperial envoy, sent a letter to Jiangnan and went to Beijing. A few days later, I offered my resignation to my mother. The rich man asked the book written by Cheng to be put in imperial academy for learning, and the court ordered a department to record it in his home. At the beginning of Yuan Zhen, You Longxing, according to the inspector's experience, Hao went to the county school to attend classes every day and recorded his own questions and answers, with thousands of words. Yuan Mingshan, the satrap, tried to understand the meanings of Yi, Shi, Shu and Chunqiu with his literary conceit, and sighed: "Talking with Mr. Wu is like exploring the deep sea." Then children's ceremonies are held to end their lives. Zuo Cheng chose to stay at home and support himself, saying, "Mr. Wu is also a scholar in the world." As soon as I entered the DPRK, I recommended Cheng Youdao, who should serve the Hanlin figures. At the suggestion of the company, after a long time, the replacement has arrived at the official, and it is clear that this day will return to the south. A few days later, except for Jiangxi Confucianism, he lived in March and died of illness.
To the first year, called imperial academy cheng. First of all, Xu made a toast to his disciples and presented books as primary schools. Over time, he gradually lost his old age. The candles in the hall lit up at one o'clock, and all the students received their jobs. They retired from the room where Yan lived every day, and people asked for help one after another. Because of his material, Cheng Ge has been repeatedly trained and lured, although it is not easy to be hot and cold at night.
During the first year of the Qing Dynasty, he was promoted to the position of secretary, and used Cheng Chun's public school to play Shu, Hu Liu's learning method and Zhu Wengong's private discussion, talking about four teaching methods: one is to learn classics, the other is to study the world, the third is literature and art, and the fourth is to be in charge, but not the world. As a scholar, he also said: "Zhu has made most contributions to Taoism, while Lu focuses on respecting morality." If learning is not based on morality, it will tend to the end of verbal interpretation, so learning must be based on morality and get it. "Theorists learn from Cheng, but the Hsu don't believe Zhu's original intention, but they don't know why Zhu and Lu are so. When the morning passed, some people left without telling them. I worshipped Ji xian as a straight bachelor, and specially awarded me the post of doctor to the capital, the second real state. I worked hard and failed.
Yingzong acceded to the throne, moved to Hanlin Bachelor, and became a scholar in Taizhong. First of all, someone wants to collect good books, powder gold as mud, and write Buddhist scriptures in stupas. The emperor was in Shangdu, so Zuo Cheng quickly wrote a letter to Cheng as a preface, saying, "It is a great happy event for the Lord to write scriptures to pray for the people. If it is for recommendation, I don't know. Although people like to listen to Yasuo Fukuda talk about benefits and learn from their scholars, they still say nothing. However, those who are called good will become wise after death, and the best of them will be Guang Qi. If you are evil, you will die dirty. At the bottom, you will be like an ant. His behavior was recommended to confuse the world. Today, the holy God is the same as the sun and the moon. He Yong recommended! And from the country, I don't know how many times I have written classics and recommended them. If not, there is no dharma; If it works, it is a false accusation against ancestors. Written as a literary work, it cannot be shown to future generations. Please let it go as soon as you drive. " The emperor will collapse and stop.
In the third year of Zhi Zhi (1323), Yingzong died, and Taiding Emperor acceded to the throne. In the first year of Taiding, a banquet was held at the beginning, and Chengping, Pingzhang politicians Zhang Jue and imperial academy Deng were appointed as lecturers. At the end of Zhi Zhi, it was called the Ancestral Temple, and the discussants used to see the system of different rooms in the same room, which was thirteen rooms. It has not been moved to serve, but it is a national event. Some teachers suspected Zhao Mu for the second time and ordered him to discuss it. Cheng Yi said: "The ancestors lived all over the world and knew something about the archaeological system. In ancient times, there were seven halls, each of which was a palace, with Taizu in the middle, Zhao in the third hall on the left, Mu in the third hall on the right, and Zhao Mu, the god of gods, all moved in turn. There are six books in the temple now. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is also like the Jin and Song Dynasties, and the ancestral temple is not archaeological! " Some companies are eager to act, but they are like old times. Shicheng has lost his ambition and can write a memoir of Yingzong, so he is in charge of things. I've lived for several months, and I've finished recording, but I haven't published it yet, and I'm still sick. Zuo, the teacher of Zhongshu, was ordered to host a banquet at the National History Institute, which still made the court reluctant to stay long. After the party, he went out of town and boarded a ship. Zhongshu heard about it and sent an official post to chase it, but it was too late. It is said to the emperor: "Wu Cheng, the name of Confucianism, used to be virtuous. Now he can't bear to work hard to invite him back to the old days. It is suitable for both praise and blame. " A letter to add capital to a good doctor is still 72 yuan and 5000 yuan from Jin Zhiwen.
If you are naked, you are sitting and handing over, full of energy and answering questions, which makes people feel very relaxed. When I was weak, I tasted: "The Tao is great, followed by Tiancheng, followed by Yao and Shun, and the Tao is also yuan; Yao and Shun are constant; Zhu, Si, Zou and Lu each have their own strengths; Lian, Luo, Guan, Fu Jian, their virginity. In short, the ancient, Huang Qizhen, Yao, Shun, Heng, Yu, Tang Qili, Wen, Wu, are all loyal ministers! Unity in the Middle Ages: Zhong Ni Qi Yuan, Yan Zeng Qi Heng Hu, Zi Li Siqi and Meng Zi Qi Zhen Hu! Modern Unity: Zhou Yuan, Cheng, Zhang Qiheng and Li, which is today's chastity? There's nothing. However, there can be no return! "It would have been polite. Therefore, when going out to the government and returning home, after passing through counties and cities, all the literati greeted them, and people from all directions were not afraid of thousands of miles, and there were often more than a thousand people who came to study in the mountains. I will write a book in my spare time, until the end, I will do nothing. In the Book of Changes, the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Book of Rites, each has its own words, which break through the notes and express its meaning, making the article return to narrative, smart and concise, stand out from the crowd and become a family statement. He wrote two books, Learning Basis and Learning System, which let people know the basis and order of learning, especially from Shao Zi's studies. Revise the imperial classics and correct the burial books of Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xuan Jing, Lv Yue, Eight Arrays and Guo Pu.
At first, there were several thatched cottages where Cheng lived. Cheng Jufu called it Caotang, so scholars called it Mr. Caotang. In the third year of Jian 'an, the court appointed the old man Cheng and the second son Jing as Fuzhou professors to support them. In June of the following year, he fell ill, and a big star fell in the northeast of his home and died at the age of 85. Give Jiangxi Zuo Cheng and Shang Baojun, and posthumously grant Linchuan County Duke.
The eldest son, Wen, finally knows about the general manager of Liuzhou Road; Jing, official of Hanlin National History Institute. Sun Dang has his own biography.
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Wu Youqing is a native of Chongren County, Fuzhou. His great-grandfather Wu Ye began to live in Xiankou between Gai Hua and Linchuan Mountain. Xu Jue, an angry alchemist, said that there should be unusual talents in that place. One night before Wu Cheng was born, the old man in the village saw a strange smoke coming to his house, and the old woman next door dreamed that an animal was hovering and drifting to the pond next to his house. The next morning, Wu Cheng was born. When I was three years old, I became smarter every day. When I teach him ancient poems, I can recite them casually. When I was five years old, I learned more than 1000 words every day. I study at night until the next morning. My mother was worried that he was too diligent, so she kept the lamp reading and didn't give him much. (But) Wu Cheng didn't light a book until his mother went to bed. At the age of nine, when other children in Wu Chenghe took exams in rural schools together, their scores were often among the best. When I grow up, I am proficient in classics and biographies, especially in the study of sages. Once I was admitted to Jinshi, but I failed.
In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1276), the people had just returned to Mongolia, and thieves were everywhere. Zheng Song of Le 'an invited Wu Cheng to take refuge in Bushui Valley. So Wu Cheng wrote filial piety chapters and sentences there, and revised the Book of Changes, Shangshu, Book of Songs, Spring and Autumn Annals, Etiquette, Dai Ji and Xiao Ji. Cheng Jufu made an imperial edict to visit Jiangnan for talents, and Wu Cheng was recommended to the capital. Soon, because my mother was old, she resigned and returned to the south. Cheng Jufu asked the court to put all the books written by Wu Cheng in imperial academy for students to learn, and the court sent relevant officials to his home to copy and report his works. In the early years of Yuan Zhen (1295), Wu Cheng studied in Longxing. According to Hao Wen's experience, he is welcome to study in the county, listen to his lectures on the history of Confucian classics and record thousands of questions and answers every day. Yuan Mingshan, a provincial official, is good at literary talent and conceit. He once discussed with Wu Cheng the profound connotations of classic books such as The Book of Changes, The Book of Songs, Shangshu and Chunqiu, and praised him for saying, "Talking with Mr. Wu about learning is like exploring an abyss." So I gave Mr. Wu Chengxing a lifelong gift. Zuo Cheng, Dong invited Wu Cheng to his home to cook for him and said, "Mr. Wu is a rare scholar in the world." After he entered the DPRK as an official, he recommended Wu Cheng as a visionary, and the court promoted him to Hanlin calligraphy. It was a long time before the local government repeatedly urged Wu Cheng to go to his post, and the officials who replaced him had arrived. Wu Cheng returned to the south that day. After three months in office, he was appointed as the deputy director of Jiangxi Confucianism, and then he shirked his illness and left.
In the first year (1308), the court named him imperial academy Cheng. Prior to this, Wen Xu Heng made a drink offering in imperial academy, and began to teach imperial academy with primary school books. After a while, it gradually became out of date. After Wu Cheng took office, he lit candles in class every morning, and imperial academy accepted his studies in order. In the afternoon, when the sun went down, Wu Cheng retired to his daily residence, but the people who came to ask him questions with the scriptures followed. Wu Cheng explained and coaxed the students repeatedly according to their talents, often until midnight. Whether it is cold or hot, it will not change.
In the first year of the Qing Dynasty (13 12), Wu Cheng was promoted to the position of secretariat, and used Cheng Chungong (Cheng Hao) to proofread Shu, Hu Gong (Hu Anguo) to learn six methods, and Zhu Wengong (Zhu) to proofread private discussions as teaching materials. Teaching is divided into four subjects: first, Confucian classics, second, practical learning, third, literature and art, and fourth, governance. However, this teaching plan has not been implemented in time. He once said to his students: "Zhu Zi (Xi) mainly learns by exploring the natural principles, while Lu Zi mainly cultivates virtue through meditation. If learning is not based on virtue cultivation, the disadvantage is that it will inevitably focus on the final learning of language, so learning based on virtue cultivation is almost right. " (So at that time) some people attributed Wu Cheng to Lu Xiangshan School, which was not in line with Xu Heng's original intention of believing in Zhu. However, (these commentators) don't know what Lu and Zhu Zhixue are like. Later, Wu Cheng resigned as a secretary and left. Among the students studying in China, many went south with their husbands without asking for leave. Soon, the court awarded the bachelor of Wu Jixian, especially the doctor of Fengyi County, and invited him to Beijing by post bus. (But when he went to Zhou Zhen), he was ill and couldn't reach Beijing.
Emperor Yingzong acceded to the throne, and he was promoted to become a bachelor of Hanlin and a doctor of Taizhong. Before this, there was an imperial edict to collect rare books, which were sealed with a gold cover and engraved with Buddhist scriptures. In Shangdu, the emperor sent Zuo Cheng to send an imperial edict to Wu Cheng as a preface. Wu Cheng said: "It is a very solemn act to copy Buddhist scriptures and pray for the people. If it's a souvenir, that's what I can't understand. Yasuo Fukuda protects the interests of the people. Although people are very happy to hear this, people who study this knowledge may not say reincarnation. But self-righteous people will ascend to heaven after death, and the highest will be with the sun, the moon and Guang Qi; People who do evil will become filthy after death, and the lowest among them will be similar to the worm. Those lawless people fabricate recommendations and pull theories to confuse the audience. Now it is listed as a sacred god, just like the sun and the moon. Where is it necessary to recommend? Besides, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, I don't know how many times I copied Buddhist scriptures to pay homage. If not, there is no dharma; If it works, it is to slander his ancestors. Write a poem, you can't show it to future generations. Please wait for the emperor to return to Beijing. " It coincides with the death of the emperor, and this is nothing more than that.
In the third year of Zhi Zhi (1323), Yingzong died, and Taiding Emperor acceded to the throne. In the first year of Taiding (1324), the banquet was just opened. Shilling Wu Cheng, Pingzhang Secretariat Zhang Jue and imperial academy Deng Wei gave lectures. At the end of the emperor's reign, the ancestral temple was ordered to be built, and the negotiators often lived in one room, so thirteen sacrificial rooms were built. (But) before moving the capital, and the situation of the country changed greatly (referring to the death of the emperor), the relevant officials had doubts about the order of the emperors, and the court ordered a joint review of the matter. Wu Cheng put forward: "The ancestors unified the world and all of them were tested and implemented. In ancient times, Emperor Tiandi had seven halls, each of which was a palace, with Taizu in the middle, Zhao in the three halls on the left, and Mu, the god of Zhao Mu, on the right, which were promoted in turn, and their palaces were very similar to the six halls in Zhongshu Province. The establishment of provincial offices is also modeled after the official system of Jin and Song Dynasties. How can it not be archaeological because of the sorting of ancestral halls? " The official in charge dealt with the matter in a hurry and finally did it in the original order. At that time, Wu Cheng already had the idea of leaving his job, which coincided with the compilation of A Record of Yingzong by the court and made Wu Cheng responsible for this matter. A few months later, the records were compiled and the papers were not handed in. Wu Chenggong said that he was ill and asked not to work. Zhongshu Zuo was ordered to hold a banquet in the National History Museum, and still expressed his intention to retain the court to Wu Cheng. After the banquet, Wu Cheng left the city by boat. When Zhongshu heard the news, he sent officials to chase after him on a post horse, but he didn't catch up. (Xu Shijing returned to the DPRK) He said to the emperor, "Wu Cheng is a famous Confucian in China and a respected veteran of the imperial court. Now he wants to retire and go back to his hometown, and the court can't bear to make him work too hard. He deserves special praise. " So the imperial edict added Wu Cheng as a good doctor and gave two gorgeous gold silk fabrics, 5,000 yuan.
Wu Cheng's body seems weak and invincible. He sat up and put down his hand, which was very bearing. He answered the students' questions diligently, which (often) made people suddenly enlightened. When Wu Cheng was twenty years old, he once wrote a book, saying, "The origin of Tao comes from heaven, and all the gods and saints have inherited it. Above Yao and Shun, it is Tao's "Yuan"; Under Yao and Shun, it belongs to the' constant' of Tao; Confucius and Mencius and their Confucianism are the "benefits" of Taoism; Zhou Dunyi, Er Cheng (Cheng Yi, Cheng Yi), Zhang Zai and Zhu's Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty are all ways of "chastity". Respectively, Fu and Huangdi in ancient times were the "yuan" of Taoism, Yao and Shun were the "constancy" of Taoism, Dayu and Shang Tang were the "rites" of Taoism, and Duke Wen and Duke Zhou were the "truth" of Taoism. In the Middle Ages, Confucius was the source of Tao, Yan Yuan and Tao were constant, Zi Si was the benefit of Tao, and Mencius was the festival of Tao. In modern times, Zhou Dunyi was the yuan of Taoism, Er Cheng and Zhang Zai were the constant of Taoism, and Zhu was the Li of Taoism. Who is the truth of Taoism today? There is no such person. Then, orthodoxy finally can't be inherited! " For a long time, he took it as his duty to inherit traditional cultural thoughts. Therefore, whether he went to North Korea to be an official or retired at home, the counties he passed were greeted by (those) literati and educated his children. Scholars from all directions are thousands of miles away, and there are often no fewer than hundreds of people who come to learn from him regardless of difficulties and obstacles. I usually write a book when I have a little leisure, and I won't stop writing until the end of my life. He has his own explanations and works on the Book of Changes, the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Book of Rites, and can get rid of some previous annotations to explain the profound truth in the book, and analyze it in detail, making his views concise, incisive and unified. He has two books, Learning Basis and Learning System, which make scholars understand the basis and order of learning step by step, especially thanks to Shao Yong's theory. He also revised the Imperial Classic, Lao Zi, Zhuangzi, Tai, Lv Yue, Eight Arrays and Guo Pu's Burial Book.
At first, there were several thatched cottages where Wu Cheng lived. Cheng Jufu named them "Caotang", so the students called Wu Cheng "Mr. Caotang". After three years (1330), because Wu Cheng was a retired famous doctor, the court specially appointed his second son, Jason Wu, as a professor in Fuzhou, so that (he) could support his father nearby. In June of the following year (133 1), Wu Cheng fell ill. At that time, a big star landed in the northeast of his home, and Wu Cheng died at the age of 85. The imperial court named him Zuocheng and Shangbaojun in Jiangxi, and named him Linchuan County Duke and posthumous title "Zheng Wen".
His eldest son, Wu Wen, is in charge of Liuzhou Road. The last official, Jason Wu, was an official of Confucian classics in Hanlin National History Institute. His grandson Wudang has a biography of Yuan History.
To annotate ...
1, aliens: unusual people; People with different talents. Historical Records Biography of Ping Jin Hou Fu: "If you want to use civil and military skills, you can ask for it yourself. I started seeing Mei Sheng with Pulun, and I sighed when I saw my father. The ministers respect each other, and the different ones come out. " In Lu Jun's book "On the Determination of Death", "The differences converge, and the brave are like a forest." Tang Du Fu's poem "Guo Daigong's Old Residence" said: "It is unreasonable to meet strangers openly." Liu Xianting's Miscellanies of Yang Guang in Qing Dynasty, Volume III: "Lu Ziyou is a Wulin. Smart Boao, a different person, a different medical way. "
2. Wu Ying: smart; Strong understanding. Biography of Wang Rong in the Book of Jin: "I realized when I was young, but I was brilliant." Xu Mingwei's Tomb Table of Chenshanren: "The mountain was born alone and has known the ancient times for more than ten years." Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio Xiao Xie: "Because of the teaching of reading, I am very inspired. Once the instructions are passed, there is no problem. "
3, paste fire: oil fire for lighting. In the Southern Dynasties, Liang wrote "Hengshan Houfu Ji": "My heart is like a fire, frying all night." Song Sushi's poem "On the Night of the Yuan Dynasty": "This year, on the river and sea, the cloud room sent monks up the mountain, and a fire was lit, and the pine trees saw the layers." Chen Ming Ruyuan's "Jin Ping Mei": "Seeing each other in an instant is a reminder of parting, and the heart is like ointment. Who knows? " Fang Qingwen's "Six Poor Winter Poems: No Oil": "Sitting on the fire will make you worry longer." Especially a lamp for reading at night. Because it also means studying hard, studying hard. Tang Du Fu's poem "Rewarding Judge Xue Twelve": "If there is no ointment, persuade the six classics." Song Sushi's poem "Send Monks to the Dust": "I have been reading the Book of Changes for ten years, and I have been worrying about my lungs and liver all day long." Yang Nian, Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio: "After three years of fire, Jibo is the first, but I don't intend to fall in Sun Shan."
4. official.
5. sundial: the sun is west, about 2 pm. Yi Li: "How long can it be without daylight?" Three Kingdoms Cao Weizhi's Miscellaneous Poems (3): "There are weavers in the northwest, which are colorful! Catch the loom tomorrow morning, and the day will be unwritten. " Song Ceng Gong's "Calling Taichang Temple from Fuzhou to Taishang Hall": "Watch the sundial by day, and watch the night equinox by night." Chen Menglei's poem "Hua Yan Ling" in Qing Dynasty: "The sun is on the low mountain, and it is in the distance."
6. Yanju: (1) quit the DPRK; Idle. Book of Rites Zhongni Yanju: "Zhongni Yanju, Zhang Zi, Zi Gong, Yan Youshi." Zheng Xuan's note: "Leave the DPRK and go to Yanju." Historical Records Biography of Zhang Shu in Shiwan: "The descendants of the winners are on the side. Although Yan Ju will win the championship, so will Shen Shen. " Sima Zhen's Suoyin: "Yan is also at leisure." Song Sushi's "Four Bodhisattvas Pavilion": "Being the first gentleman at first, it's nothing to do with yourself, living as usual, talking and laughing sometimes." "Preface to Xiqing Notes" in the early Qing Dynasty: "When it rains and snows, Yan is more idle." (2) Leisure places. One of Lu Zhi's "Six Articles of Equal Tax Saving and Compassion for the People" in the Tang Dynasty: "If you want to worship Yanju, give it to him with pity, and the son of heaven is expensive, would you rather worry about lack of money?" Song Minglian's "Jingcishan repays the abbot of Guangxiao Temple as a public light": "If you don't build a swallow to live at the west foot of the temple, you will eventually have ambition." Chapter 29 of Legend of Heroes of Children: "One room in the south is Yan Zhai, and the other room in the north is a bedroom."
7. notice: leave. Shu's Addendum 3 to Tang Yulin: "The mausoleum is an obituary, and I will immediately replace it." "History of Song Dynasty": "Don't discuss it from the temple, tell it by illness." Gui Youguang's Preface to the Life of Mr. An in Ming Dynasty: "I will pay tribute to imperial academy, and Mr. Dai is still a disciple. A few years later, I returned with my father. "
8. Advanced: promotion to official rank. Preface to Jin's "Idle Residence Fu": "The weak crown is related to the year of know life. Eight immigration officers will be promoted, then exempted, removed once, not resigned once, and moved three times." Tang Hanyu's "Pinghuai Xibei": "The Prime Minister went to Beijing and made him a Jin Gong, and Jin Guanglu was a scholar." Zhen Wu's Collection of Yang Jizhai in the Qing Dynasty, Volume III: "At that time, the general was a prefect, not a real official."
9. After recommendation: (1) chanting Buddha, turning people over. Tang Zongmi's "Lanpen Classic" said: "Seek the teachings of sages and earnestly seek recommendations." The 60th time of the Water Margin: "The village raises dragons, invites monks from nearby monasteries to go up the mountain to make meritorious deeds and recommend the king." (2) Generally called mourning and memorial service. The fourth act of Guo Moruo's "Southern Crown Grass": "Since the Battle of Liaoyang, those who have died for their country, who are loyal and lonely, have come to enjoy my humble recommendation!"
10, Jude or: maybe; Maybe.
1 1, Gaoming: refers to the sky; Heaven. "Book Hongfan": "Heavy and hard, clever and soft." Kong Anguo biography: "Guanghua is the sky." Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor: "The ministers recite merits, original deeds and pursue the first glory." Selected Works of Xie Zhuang: "I am honest, wise and learned." Lu Yanji's note: "Sink and dive, land, so it is called righteousness; Brilliant, heavenly, so it is called classic. "
12, recommended: recommended for promotion. "Sui Shu Yang Di Ji Shang": "We can send another envoy to patrol the customs of various provinces, publicize customs, and recommend Tongzhi, which is in vain." Addendum 3 to Wang Songshu and Tang Yulin: "Gong Wei was frightened and shouted,' How dare your master recommend this?' Qing Yan has a Jubilee, Shu Hua's essay Li Meiya: "In the past, Mr. Wei Huanxi recommended it, but he was never called a teacher. If he is in public, he can't see the underground Gong Wei, so he dares to do so. "
13, Jing Yan: Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, emperors of all dynasties have specially set up command seats to discuss the history of Jing. Jing Yan was called in the Song Dynasty, and the lecturer was a bachelor of Hanlin or other officials. In Song Dynasty, the lecture term was from February to Dragon Boat Festival and from August to winter solstice. Every day, they go to class and take turns talking and reading. Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties followed this system, especially in Ming dynasty. In addition to the emperor, after the prince became a monk, there were banquets. Qing system, through the banquet to talk about officials, as ministers and titles, in the Mid-Autumn Festival and mid-spring days. Song Shen Zuo Zhe's Yu Jian, Volume II: "Emperor Zongshen's Imperial Banquet, and later on Zhou Guan." Biography of Wu Cheng in the History of Yuan Dynasty: "In the first year of Taiding, the first banquet was given, with Zhang Jue, the administrative officer of Chengping and Pingzhang, and imperial academy Deng as the lecturer." "Jiao Jing Yan Pian" in the Ming Dynasty: "I talk about Jing Yan Ri, and I don't analyze the history of classics for the sake of beauty; They all talk about current events and can't catch them. " Chen Kangqi's "Going to the Countryside Strictly in Qing Dynasty" Volume 2: "In February of the tenth year of Kangxi, a ceremony was held in Baohe Hall, with Xiaogan Duan Gong as the commentator and knowing the banquet."
14, ordinary: ordinary. "The Biography of Huang Qiong in the Later Han Dynasty": "Chu Qiong was in Taige with her father, learning stories." Guo Pu's Preface to the Classic of Mountains and Seas in the Jin Dynasty: "What my husband is used to seeing, but what I am curious to hear, this person's feelings are often hidden." "Surprise at the Second Moment" Volume 21: "The owner Li Wang, who has been traveling for many days, is used to the heavy box and knows it is silver."
15. rooming in different rooms: that is, the system of sharing sacrifices. There were seventeen cubicles in the central hall of the ancestral temple in Qing Dynasty, each of which was used by a generation of emperors, called "the same room but different rooms". There is a shrine in the cubicle, where the memorial tablet of the emperor is enshrined, and the jade book of the emperor is displayed on the left and the jade treasure of the emperor is displayed on the right. There are thrones outside the compartment, and the number is consistent with the number of cards in the niche. By the time of the Qing Dynasty, there were still six compartments in the nave that had not been used.
16, major accident: major accident. Refers to disasters, wars, national mourning and other disasters that have a significant impact on the country and society. "Zhou Li Di Guan Xiao Stuart": "Every major event in the country is for the people; The big reason, Yu Zi. " Zheng Xuan's Note: "The big reason is that it is also a disaster." "History of Han Xiongnu Biography": "Since Huanglong and Jingning, I have made great contributions to Khan." Yan Shigu's Note: "A great loss is a great loss of the country." Song Ouyang Xiu's book of loyalty and righteousness Fu Wenzhong: "The court has new principles and current affairs are difficult." Zhang's Essays in the Ming Dynasty: "Although it has gone through more than 200 lifetimes and hardships, the people in the family are unshakable, so they can use their power."
17, Zhao Mu: Ancient patriarchal clan system, the arrangement order of gods in ancestral halls or ancestral halls, ancestors in the middle, the following father and son (ancestors, fathers) pay Zhao Mu, Zhao is on the left and Mu is on the right. Zhou Li Chun Guan Xiao Zongbo: "Distinguish the Temple." Zheng Xuan's note: "The father said Zhao, and the son said Mu." Han Huan Kuan's "On Salt and Iron Worries": "Lu Xu shows Mu, he follows you." In the first year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong said, "This is not difficult. It's just a fact. I just want to make a choice among bloggers to show the order of Mu. " This refers to the left and right order of burial places in the cemetery. "Zhou Li Chunguan Buried People": "The first king was buried in the middle, and Zhao Mu was around." Zheng Xuan's note: "The former king used shackles, Zhao lived on the left, Mu lived on the right, and caught things." Fang Ming's filial piety and Confucianism, "Xiao You An Ji": "It was found in the tombs of Bo and Zi Si, and Zhao Mu buried them in sequence, but the descendants were salty." Or when offering sacrifices in ancient times, children and grandchildren arranged and saluted according to the provisions of the patriarchal clan system. "Book of Rites Sacrifice System": "My husband offered sacrifices to Zhao Mu. Zhao Mu, so don't be father and son, far and near, old and young, close but not chaotic. " Xiao Ting Magazine of Qing Zhaolian: "Sacrifice to the gods is respected by Dongxiang people, and the rest is Zhao Muxu, which is still in line with the system."
18, collective discussion: joint evaluation. "Historical Records Biography of Yuan Ang and Chao Cuo": "It is not difficult to meet with the ministers, and it is only Dou Ying who argues for it, so there is something wrong." Song Luyou's Notes on the Old Learning Hall (Volume 4): "When the Qing Dynasty refuted the names of subjects such as Lin Qin, in the discussion, Hanke mistakenly regarded' refuting' as' stripping'." Qing Zhaolian's "Xiao Ting Zalu Drunken Gong": "The East Palace is empty, and the saints order the ministers to get together."
19, mixed one: also called "mixed one". Tong Qi; Unification. "The Warring States Policy Chu Ce I": "It is also known that the husband wants to rule the world, mix princes, and repeatedly cheat Su Qin." "The Biography of Han Zhai Fang": "The same amount of law, mixed customs." Biography of Xie Jin: "Angola wants to mix tracks, and it wants to conquer the north." The third fold of Luo Guanzhong's "Fengyunhui" in the Ming Dynasty: "Although the world is not mixed, it is time to travel north." Xue Qin Fucheng's Diary of the Four Kingdoms, February 12, the seventeenth year of Guangxu: "The righteous have promoted the merits of the whole country so far, and they will be called Kazun."
20. Relocation: ascending in order. Don Li Gongzuo's biography of Conan's satrap: "Zhou (Zhou Yang) Tian (Tian) is in the name of politics, and the shift is higher." Song Ouyang Xiu's "On the Law of Not Recommending Classes": "I saw that the imperial court chose hundreds of officials, and all the civil and military officials participated in it ... Only the military attache recently left work, and there is no difference between a wise man and a fool. One case is age transfer. " Chapter 7 of Kang Youwei's Book of Great Harmony: "The best thing is to move farmers and Cao Si, but their long-term style must be a bachelor or engineering teacher, and they can be transferred to the agricultural departments of state capitals and sub-governments."
2 1, Laode: refers to a respected veteran. Han Caiyong's Praise for the Suburbs: "Cherish the imperial court, lose the old virtue, and hate the bachelor." Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Dewey: "In the second year of Jianxing, the prime minister led Yizhou's pastoral, and the choice of welcoming was wonderful and simple, with Fu Qin as the special driver, Wuliang as the meritorious service, and Wei as the main book." "The Book of Jin He Zeng Chuan": "It can be said that the old morality is mature and the minister of the country is also."
22. Praise and difference: special praise.
Wen Qi: Gorgeous silk fabrics. "Liu Xu": "When Emperor Yao was alive, gold, silver, pearls and jade had no ornaments, and his literary talent was brilliant and naked." Biography of Three Kingdoms Wu Zhi Hua Tuo: "The beautiful don't wait for China to admire goodness, and the gorgeous don't wait for literature to make them love." Preface to Biography of Southern History Officials: "There is no personal pleasure around, and the boudoir is not decorated." San Ji: "If you don't apply, you can stop knitting all the year round."
24. Qimai: Tolerance is super wheat.
25.W ě (wěi): diligent. Shi, Ya and Gao Song: "What happened to Shen Bo and Wang Jian?" "Zhang Han Chang Chuan": "Now your Majesty is interested in peace and good at politics, and he doesn't want to stay up all night." Inscription on Zhao Cemetery in Pingjiang Prefecture of Song Dynasty: "If a husband is ignorant of morality and not of the reality of things, it will be difficult for his predecessors." Liang Qichao's On the Relationship between Buddhism and Group Governance: "The loser in this life can make up for it in the next life without fear."
If the ice melts: that is, if it melts. Enlightenment or sudden enlightenment. Now the doubts, misunderstandings and estrangements have been completely eliminated. Preface to Zhuangzi Zhang's Seclusion by Quan Deyu in Tang Dynasty: "Gai Hongdao always does something by using things around him, releasing what he has used for seclusion, and combining inside and outside. His articles and agreements are clear and clear, and he is as tired as a pearl. "
27. Zhu and Si: Zhu Shui and Surabaya. In ancient times, there were two waters from surabaya county North to Qufu North, which split into two parts. There were various waters in the north and Surabaya in the south. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it belonged to the State of Lu. Confucius gathered between Zhu and Si to give lectures. Book of Rites on Bow: "I am between Zhu and Si." Later, it was called Confucius and Confucianism by Zhu Si. Ren Fang's Selected Works of Qi Jingling and Wang Youbiao in the Southern Liang Dynasty: "The wind of Zhu Hongsi shows change." The poem "Mr. Zhi Guang" says: "When people return to their hometown, songs flourish." Song Shi Ye's Epitaph of Ma Song's Father: "I have tasted the door of Zhu Si, choosing talents instead of scholars." Chen Ming Ruyuan's "Jin Ping Mei Ji": "Take the foundation of Zhu Si and plan for the future." Qing Tan Stone's "Benevolence" I: "The people above all admire Song Confucianism and talk about Zhu Si's true story."
28. Zou and Lu: (1) Zou, the hometown of Mencius; Lu is the hometown of Confucius. Later, "Zou Lu" refers to a land of cultural prosperity and a country of courtesy. Qian Qing Qian Yi's "Yongning County Order Sun Zhiyuan's Writing System": "An official took Zou Lu's legacy as Jianghan Confucianism." (2) Borrow Confucius and Mencius.
29. Lian, Luo, Guan and Min: the four schools of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. "Lian" refers to Lian Zhou Dunyi; "Luo" refers to Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in Luoyang; "Guan" refers to Zhang Zai in Guanzhong; "Min" refers to Zhu who gives lectures in Fujian. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Zhi's "On the Virtue of Confucianism": "Only this is said, and then the Song people took Lian, Luo, Guan and Min as the biography of Meng, which is called knowing the clouds."
30, practice: refers to holding a book for advice, but still said that he is engaged in business. "The Story of Huan Rong in the Later Han Dynasty": "Take a trip to Taichang Mansion, make Rong sit in the east, set up a few sticks, and meet officials, generals, Dongping, Wang Cang and Rongmen students. The emperor personally practiced, and every word said,' Master is right'. "
3 1 means that studying abroad is not afraid of hardships. Nie: Wear sandals. Biography of Historical Records and Meng Changjun: "At first, Feng Xiang heard that Meng Changjun was entertaining guests. See it." "Selected Works" Ren Fang's "Qi Jingling Wang Wenxuan Staring at the Stars": "What's the point of being superior, squatting in the clock; Scholar Liu Qiu presented a book to Yue Wei. " Note: "Biography of Gao Shi" says: It is advisable to crawl grass often and collect firewood often. "negative: carrying a book box. Describe how much you have read. Han salt and iron theory: "Therefore, jade pieces are full of treasures; Reciting poems is not a good idea. Ma's comment is: "negative, carrying a book box." . The opposition between' negative' and' full' here means that there are too many books to read, and you should count them with the book box on your back. "Also refers to studying abroad. In the Biography of the Ancient Power in the Later Han Dynasty, Li Xian quoted Wu Xiecheng from the History of the Three Kingdoms as saying: "I changed my name and surname, drove the donkey with a stick, and chased the teacher with three assistants, and studied the Five Classics for more than ten years. "
32. Annotation: refers to the text or works that annotate the scriptures.
33. Outstanding: Excellent appearance. Han and Liu Xiang said to Shuowen: "Beyond the dust, I am independent and detached, and I wander in the holy land."
34. Old people: especially doctors. Book of Rites: "Old people always face embarrassment. Zheng Xuan's Note: "The old man is also a great doctor and an official in the countryside. "