I. Excerpts from classic texts:
1, "Every sound starts from the heart. When the heart moves, everything does its best. Emotion is moved by things, so it is shaped by sound; The sound is corresponding, so it changes; Turn into a square, that is, sound; Compared with the sound, it is fun, and drying feathers is also fun. Musicians are born from sound, and their roots are in people's hearts and things. Therefore, those who feel sad are killed by their voices; Those who feel happy, their voices are slow; Those who are satisfied with their feelings have dispersed their voices; An angry person has a rough voice; Those who respect their hearts are straight-talking and mean; His loving heart, his gentle voice. These six people are non-sexual, they are sensitive to things and then act, so Wang Shen felt it first. Therefore, the ceremony is to guide their aspirations, enjoy their voices, govern their integrity, and punish them to prevent their rape. Ritual, music and criminal politics are all extreme, so come out and govern with the people's hearts. "
It means:
The beginning of "one voice" is produced by the human heart. Changes in people's minds are caused by things. The heart changes with things and is expressed by sound; Sound corresponds to sound, and then changes; According to certain methods and laws, it is called sound; With the rhythm of the sound, play it with a musical instrument, and dance it with dry air, which is called "yuè, Yue". So music is produced by sound, which is fundamentally caused by people's feelings about things. Therefore, when something feels sad, its voice is urgent, from high to low, from strong to weak; Be careful when you are happy, its voice is slow and wide; When the heart is happy, its voice is carried forward and scattered lightly; When the heart is angry, the voice is rough and harsh; Be respectful, and your voice is upright and clear; Be careful that when you are in love, its voice is soft and beautiful. The above six situations have nothing to do with temperament, so will anyone. All the changes are caused by things, so the former king was particularly cautious about the influence of foreign things. Therefore, etiquette is used to induce people's will, music is used to reconcile people's voices, politics is used to unify people's actions, and punishment is used to prevent rape and chaos. The ultimate purpose of ceremony, music, punishment and politics is the same, all of which are to unite people and let the world rule.
2. "If a gentleman doesn't keep his promise, he will be Xiu De. If he is full, he will give up the gift. He will be able to think at the beginning, be safe and just start, bathe in cream and sing hard. No one can do this unless he is great. "
It means: if it is not for pure politics, the superior gentleman will practice self-improvement, otherwise he will be complacent and abandon etiquette. Yi can't forget the hardships at the beginning. An can think of the hardships when he was founded, live in happiness and praise the hardships. People with great morality can't do this!
3. "Full without loss will overflow, while surplus without holding will fall. Therefore, all people who enjoy themselves stay away from music. A gentleman takes modesty as a gift, takes loss as a pleasure and enjoys it. "
It means:
If it is full, it will overflow, and if it is not supported, it will be dumped. The reason of "yuè, Yue" is to control joy. It is the function of music (Yu, Yue) that makes a gentleman take humility as a gift and turn his loss into joy.
4. "Anyone born in the hearts of the people is also; Music, ethics also. It is an old friend who knows the sound but doesn't know it, and the beast is also; Those who know each other but don't know how to be happy are ordinary people. Only a gentleman can know happiness. Therefore, we must listen to the sound, listen to the sound, know the music, listen to the music, know the politics, and govern the road. Therefore, those who don't know the sound can't talk to the sound, and those who don't know the sound can't talk to the music. There are both rites and music, which is called virtue. Those who are virtuous get it. "
It means:
Sanskrit sounds are produced in people's hearts; Music and morality are interlinked. Therefore, people who only know the sound but not the sound are animals; Ordinary people know friends, but they don't know happiness. Only a gentleman knows how to be happy. Therefore, the method of governing the world is complete by studying the sound with clear voice, sound with clear music with clear politics. Therefore, people who don't know sound are not enough to talk to him about sound, and people who don't know sound are not enough to talk to him about music. Knowing music is close to being polite. The essence of rites and music can be obtained from the heart, which is called virtue, and virtue is virtue.
5. "The quietness of life is the nature of heaven; Feeling moved by things, sexual praise is also. Things are known, and then likes and dislikes. Likes and dislikes are not limited to the inside. If knowledge is lured to the outside, we can't oppose ourselves and justice will be destroyed. Things are touching, but people's likes and dislikes are endless, so they are things and things are people. Those who make things and people destroy the sky, and the poor want it. "
It means: it is human nature to be born quiet; Emotional changes after perceiving foreign objects are the external manifestations of nature. Foreign objects come around, are perceived by the mind, and then form a feeling of likes and dislikes. Likes and dislikes are not constrained internally, and the temptation generated by foreign perception acts on the outside, and justice will be annihilated. Foreign things give people endless feelings, people's likes and dislikes are unrestrained, and people are assimilated by things around them. When people are assimilated by foreign things, it will destroy justice and exhaust people's desires.
6, musicians, the sum of heaven and earth; Ceremony is the order of heaven and earth. Harmony, so everything is transformed; Order, so the group is different. Joy comes from nature, and courtesy comes from the ground. Excessive restraint is chaotic, and excessive behavior is violent. Understand the heavens and the earth to be happy.
7, spring is long and summer is long, and benevolence is also; It is also righteous to gather in autumn and store in winter. Kindness is close to joy, righteousness is close to ceremony. Musicians are harmonious, attracting god from heaven; Rites are divided into rituals, ghosts live in places, and the land follows, so saints welcome the sky with joy and match the land with rituals. Rites and music are ready, and heaven and earth are officials.
It means: spring grows and summer grows, and everything breeds. This is benevolence; It is righteous to gather in autumn, store in winter, and definitely gather and hide. Music can cultivate all things, close to benevolence; The owner decides, so benevolence, righteousness and propriety are similar. Music makes interpersonal relationships honest and harmonious, and respects God. Gifts can be divided into high and low, and worship ghosts. Therefore, saints correspond to heaven with joy and to earth with courtesy. Rites and music are detailed, and heaven and earth must perform their respective duties.
8. "Birds of a feather flock together, so life is different. In nature, the image is shaped underground, so the owner is different from heaven and earth. The atmosphere rises, the weather drops, yin and yang rub, heaven and earth swing, drums thunder, exciting storms, four o'clock movement, cold and warm in the sun and moon, and everything is thriving. This is the sum of heaven and earth. "
It means:
Invisible people, such as magic and sexual behavior, gather in groups, while people with forms in the world are grouped. Different groups have different life spans. Everything is clear in the sky and shaped in the earth. In this way, ceremony is the boundary and difference between heaven and earth. The air on the ground rises, the air in the sky falls, the air in the ground is cloudy, and the weather is fine, so the air of Yin and Yang persuades each other, the air of heaven and earth stirs, the air of thunder stirs, and the air of rain moistens, so everything is excited, changes with the seasons, and then changes and grows with the light of the sun and the moon. In this way, music is the harmony between heaven and earth.
9. "Virtue is the purpose of sex; Musicians, the virtue of China; Stone, silk and bamboo are tools of music. Poetry, express their aspirations; Song, chanting its voice; Dance and move your face: the three are based on your heart, and then you follow it happily. Therefore, the feelings are profound and civilized, and the spirit is full. Harmony is China and Britain is foreign. Only music can't be fake. "
Meaning: Morality is the correct humanity, music is the brilliance of morality, and stones, silk and bamboo are musical instruments. Poetry expresses a person's thoughts, sings the tone of poetry, and dance only changes the singer's face. Ambition, voice and tolerance are all based on the heart, and then expressed through poems and songs. Therefore, the emotion is profound and civilized, and the momentum is full, which can turn decay into magic. The goodness and harmony of the heart are accumulated in the heart, and the sound of words is outside the body. Only joy can't be faked and can't be deceived.
10, "Every sound is connected with people because of people's hearts, such as hieroglyphics on the scene, and it keeps ringing. Therefore, it is a blessing to good and a curse to evil. "
It means: every voice is produced by the human heart, and there is a certain relationship between heaven and man. The two are as similar as shadows and objects in the mirror, and the sound corresponds to the answer. Therefore, those who do good deeds will naturally be rewarded, and those who do bad deeds will naturally suffer disasters.
1 1, "courtesy comes from the outside and joy comes from the inside. Therefore, a gentleman should not leave the ceremony for a moment, and if he leaves the ceremony for a moment, he will be slow and violent. You can't live without music for a moment. Without music, you will fall into poverty. Therefore, the musician is also the meaning of the gentleman. "
It means:
Rites act on people from the outside through some regulations, while music comes from people's hearts. Therefore, a gentleman can't leave the ceremony for a moment. As soon as he leaves the ceremony, there will be violent and frivolous behavior. Never leave music for a moment, as soon as you leave music, there will be many evil behaviors from the heart. Therefore, music is used by gentlemen to repair righteousness.
12, "Big fun is easy, big gifts are simple. There is no resentment when you are happy, and there is no dispute when you are polite. Happiness is in harmony with heaven and earth, and ceremony is in harmony with heaven and earth. "
Second, Le Shu's main points:
1 the relationship between sound, sound and music
Historical records? Le Shu said, "Every voice is from the heart. When the heart moves, everything does its best. Emotion is moved by things, so it is shaped by sound. The sound is corresponding, so it changes; Into a square, which is sound. Listening to the sound is fun, and drying feathers is also fun. " Sima Qian advocated that "things" move the sense of "heart", that is to say, feelings are generated because objective things touch people's hearts, and all kinds of feelings are expressed through sounds; Its process is to organize "sound" into "sound", and then combine "sound" with poetry and dance through artistic processing, which is "music". The differences and connections between the three are found in Historical Records? Le Shu explained it very well, which also reflected the advanced dialectical consciousness and thinking of the ancients. "... so you can't talk to people who don't understand the voice, and you can't talk to people who don't understand the voice. "
2. The concept of paying equal attention to ceremony and music.
Historical records? Le Shu profoundly expounded the difference between "Li" and "Le" and their social functions. At the beginning, the social function of "music" is to seek "similarity"; The social function of "ceremony" is to seek "difference". The "same" here refers to being up, down, expensive, cheap, respectful, humble, male, female, old and young, loving each other and living in harmony; And "different" means that the above-mentioned people are different, keep their duties and do not argue. The internal relationship between "ceremony and music" So, what's the difference between them? Historical records? Le Shu said: "The musicians are the same, but the bosses are different. The same is a blind date, and the differences are respectful. " It can be seen that happiness is to share people's feelings, courtesy is to distinguish the differences of grades, and happiness is from the heart. The social function of "having fun in different ways" is determined by their own nature and their respective social functions. Historical records? Sima Qian's remarks such as "Li distinguishes differences, music is unified", "Li Zhi, music and temperament" and "Li wins people's hearts, music and people's voices" all discuss the relationship between Li and music.
3 the social function of music
Influenced by the pre-Qin music theory, Sima Qian attached great importance to the social function and moral education of music. Beautiful and elegant music can inspire people to forge ahead and stimulate their positive potential; Vulgar and low-level music makes people feel depressed, negative and even promiscuous. Therefore, Sima Qian emphasized "virtuous voice" and opposed "treacherous voice"; Advocate "the voice of righteousness" and oppose "the voice of righteousness". Therefore, Sima Qian proposed that "musicians are the sum of heaven and earth; Ceremony is the order of heaven and earth. "
4. Rites and music develop synchronously to "ceremony", "music", "punishment" and "politics"
In order to better reflect the idea of governing the country with rites and music, Historical Records? Le Shu didn't stop at the discussion of "having both ceremony and music", but went deep into the four-in-one of "ceremony, music, punishment and politics". Sima Qian believes that "ceremony", "music", "punishment" and "politics" complement each other and perform their respective duties, thus serving as a powerful measure to govern the country and level the world. "So the ceremony to guide their aspirations, joy and sound, politics in one line, punishment to prevent its rape. Ritual, music and criminal politics are all extreme, so come out and govern with the people's hearts. " The purpose of "ceremony, music, punishment and politics" is to establish a common social concept and realize world peace.
5. The thought of "neutralization" and the thought of "harmony between man and nature"
The important thoughts of Confucianism can be condensed into one word "harmony", that is, Historical Records. Le Shu's most valuable thought. The importance of Sima Qian's thought of "harmony" lies in expanding it to the maximum extent. The first is "harmony between heaven and earth", which links "harmony" with the whole universe of heaven and earth, which not only means the original harmony between heaven and earth, but also is the root of musical harmony. The second is the "harmony" between people, the so-called "harmony between music and literature", and the third is personal harmony. The so-called "Le Shu" said that "there must be disharmony and unhappiness in the heart, but the despicable heart is gone." Sima Qian talked about music and advocated timely and moderate, which is the embodiment of "harmony" thought. Sima Qian compared Wuyin Palace, Shang, Jiao, Hui and Yu to monarch, minister, people, things and things. He said that if the palace sound is chaotic, the whole music will appear deserted, reflecting the arrogance of the monarch; When the business voice is chaotic, the whole music appears decadent, reflecting the corruption of official business; When the horn sounds chaotic, the whole music is superior, reflecting the people's resentment; Music is sad when the emblem rings in disorder; When the feathers are messed up, music becomes very important. If the five tones are chaotic and encroach on each other, it will produce extremely unrestrained music and the country will face extinction.
Third, my thoughts:
"Every voice is born in people's hearts; Music, ethics also. It is an old friend who knows the sound but doesn't know it, and the beast is also; Those who know each other but don't know how to be happy are ordinary people. Only a gentleman can know happiness. " This passage left a deep impression on me. Only from the heart can it be called "voice", and the so-called "confidant" is "intimate". Look at those so-called good voices and singers. How many singers are singing with their hearts? How many songs are written by heart? Screaming at the top of their lungs, shaking their heads and lip-synching, there are actually many enthusiastic people, a group of "animals." "Musicians are connected by virtue", "Musicians are also virtuous", and harmony is music, so only gentlemen know what real music is.
"Ceremony from the outside to the inside, music from the inside out. Therefore, a gentleman should not leave the ceremony for a moment, and if he leaves the ceremony for a moment, he will be slow and violent. You can't live without music for a moment. Without music, you will fall into poverty. Therefore, the musician is also the meaning of the gentleman. "