In the history of Xiao Yan, South Liang Wudi, there were "Three Wus and One Case" (Taiwuzong in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Tang Wuzong and Zhou Shizong in the Five Dynasties) to destroy Buddhism, but there were also devout Buddhist believers like Liang Wudi, Wu Zetian and Tang Zhongzong. Among them, Liang Wudi Xiao Yan is the most prominent. He is the "Emperor and Bodhisattva" (as ministers called him in their memorials). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty strongly advocated Buddhism and invested heavily in building temples. At that time, there were 2,846 large and small temples in China, among which Da 'aijing Temple, Du Zhi Temple, Jiefang Temple and Tongtai Temple were the largest. Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once lamented: "The 480 halls in the Southern Dynasties were misty and rainy." He also wrote a lot of Buddhist works. "Although there are many things to do, I still keep rubbing my hands, lighting candles and standing sideways, often until evening." Moreover, the head of the department is particularly large, among which "Interpretation of Nirvana Sutra" has a volume of 10l. At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also established the theory that Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism originated from Buddhism. He also put forward the precept that Buddhists should not eat meat, which was not stipulated by Buddhism before. He wrote "Broken Wine and Meat" according to the contents of excellent Buddhism such as Nirvana Sutra. From then on, he set an example and lived an ascetic life: he only ate one meal a day without touching wine and meat, lived in a dark room in a small hall, wore a hat for three years and covered a quilt for two years. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also laid down his life in the temple three times: in the first year of Datong (527), he suddenly went to Tongtai Temple as a slave and lived with monks, and was later "redeemed" by the minister; Two years later, I went to the Buddhist temple again; In the first year of Taiqing (547), at the age of 84, he gave up his life in the temple for the third time and lived in the temple for more than a month. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty spent 400 million yuan on "redemption" three times. The Buddha did not bless this faithful believer. In the third year of Taiqing (549), Hou Jing staged a coup and conquered Jiankang. The bodhisattva emperor was captured and later starved to death. Liang Wudi is a versatile and knowledgeable scholar. His political and military talents can be said to be the best among the emperors in the Southern Dynasties, not inferior to the other three founding emperors. His achievements in academic research and literary creation are more outstanding. History books call him: "six arts are idle, chess is in one product, yin and yang are waiting, divination is decisive, and knowledge is good." ..... riding and shooting a bow and horse, wonderful. " He is very studious and has been educated by orthodox Confucianism since childhood. "When I was young, I studied Kong Zhou, but I was weak in the crown and poor in the six classics." After he acceded to the throne, "although he was busy with many tasks, he kept rubbing his hands and lighting candles until midnight." This hard-working spirit laid a solid foundation for his academic research. Academically, Liang Wudi is famous for his study of Confucian classics and history. In the study of Confucian classics, he wrote more than 200 volumes, such as Zhouyi Shushu, Answering Questions in the Spring and Autumn Period and Confucius Yan Zheng, but most of them have not been handed down. In the eleventh year of Tian Jian Prison (5 12), five gifts of good luck, fierceness, military service, hospitality and kindness were made, with a total of more than 1,000 volumes and 80 19 articles, which were promulgated and implemented. In historiography, he was dissatisfied with the writing methods of dynastic history such as Hanshu, thinking that it cut off history, so he presided over the compilation of 600 volumes of general history, "bowing to the front." He was quite conceited about this book, and once his opponent said, "I made up a general history." If this book is successful, all history can be abolished. " It's a pity that this book was lost in the Song Dynasty, which is really a pity. A He also devoted a lot of energy to the study of Buddhism, and wrote hundreds of Buddhist works such as Nirvana, Masterpiece, Jingming and Sanhui. He is also very good at Taoism. On this basis, he combined the Confucian "rites", the Taoist "nothingness" and the Buddhist "karma" and founded the "theory of the homology of three religions", which occupied an extremely important position in the history of ancient China thought. Liang Wudi's literary talent in poetry and Fu is also outstanding. During the period of Emperor Wu of Qi (484-493), the poetic creation was in full swing, and many literati gathered around Wang Xiao in Jingling to show their poetic creation talents. Among these scholars, there are eight famous scholars such as Xie Tiao, Shen Yue, Ren Tai and Fan Li, who are called "Eight Friends of Jingling". Xiao Yan is also one of the "Eight Friends of Jingling". Many of his poems were written during this period. After Liang Jian proclaimed himself emperor, he never lost his elements. He often recruits talented people and takes poetry as his pleasure. His literary creation promoted the prosperity of literary atmosphere in Liang Dynasty. There are more than 80 poems in Liang Wudi, which can be roughly divided into four categories according to their contents and themes: love poems, Zen poems, banquet poems and object-chanting poems. ) Liang Wudi's love poems are concentrated in the new Yuefu poems, also known as quasi-Yuefu poems, accounting for almost half of all his poems. Yuefu was the official department in charge of music in ancient times. According to scholars' research, there was a Yueguan in the Zhou Dynasty at the latest, named Dasile, and Yuefu was named Yueguan in Qin Dynasty. Huidi had the post of Yuefu Order in Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the nature and scale of Yuefu were quite different from before. At that time, Yuefu not only made music movements and trained musicians, but also widely collected folk songs and sang them with music. All the songs produced and collected by Yuefu institutions and poems written by scholars with Yuefu as their theme are called Yuefu poems in later generations. Among them, folk songs are the most vivid part of Yuefu poems. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Yuefu stopped collecting folk songs, and Yuefu poems at that time also showed an increasingly elegant tendency. In the Southern Dynasties, the new folk songs with different styles in the south of the Yangtze River once again attracted the attention of the upper class. Through the adoption and singing of Yuefu institutions, it has had a great influence on literati's poetry creation. Because the theme, content and exquisite style of Jiangnan folk songs adapted to the ruling class's love for melody and sound at that time, they were widely simulated. When ZSZSZSZ was appointed as the secretariat of Yongzhou, he lived in Xiangyang and loved local folk songs very much. Many of his quasi-Yuefu poems, such as Fang Shu, Thinking and Lingaotai, were written at this time. Even after he proclaimed himself emperor, Xiao Yan's interest in Yuefu poetry remained unchanged. In the 11th year of Tian Jian (5 12), he personally changed to western music (Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties were divided into Wu Ge and western music). The former was born in Jiankang area, which is named Wudi, so its folk songs are called Wu Ge. The latter originated in Jing, Ying, Fan, Deng and other places in the Hanshui River Basin. It is the military center and economic and cultural center of the western part of the Southern Dynasties, so its folk songs are called Xiqu), with 14 pieces of "Jiangnan Music" and seven pieces of "Jiangnan Agriculture", which shows its addiction. Like Yuefu folk songs, Yuefu in Xiao Yan is also a love song, mainly written for women. Most of his poems describe women's yearning for love, feelings of parting from lovesickness, lingering feelings, aesthetic style, plain language and strong flavor of Jiangnan folk songs. For example, "One year will be over, and Wan Li people have not returned. Your ambition is innate, but I am driven by nothingness. " A song at four o'clock in the morning. Winter song "); "The grass tree is not fragrant, and there are hundreds of colors of flowers and leaves. Send a message to an old lover until I remember it in my heart. "("Xiangyang Hugh ") and so on. Mr Zheng Zhenduo thinks that "Xiao Yan's new Yuefu poems are the most charming and lovely". There is some truth in this statement.