There are less than 300 surnames in Korea, but most people only use a few. The most common surnames are: Jin, Li, Park, An, Zhang, Zhao, Cui, Chen, Han, Jiang, Liu and Yin. South Korea's four major surnames, Kim, Lee, Park and Choi, account for half of the country's population, and intermarriage between the same surnames is still strictly prohibited.
During the Three Kingdoms Period of the Ancient Peninsula, Goguryeo began to use surnames in the first century A.D. ... followed by Baekje and Silla, who began to use surnames in the 4th and 6th centuries respectively. Due to the influence of China culture, Korean surnames are very similar to those of China people. Korean surnames can also be divided into single surnames and compound surnames. The most common surnames are Jin, Li, Park, Cui, Zheng and Jiang, and the compound surnames are, Zhuge, Dugu, Xianyu, Huangfu and Nangong.
According to the statistics of 1985 Korean population and national conditions survey, Koreans have 275 surnames. It can be seen that Silla, the main body of the Three Koreas, used the Han surname 500 years later than Koguryo. Baekje was a colonial dynasty established by Koguryo royal family in the Three Koreas, and there was still a gap of 300 years between its use of the Han surname and Koguryo.
The common surnames in Korea are Jin, Li, Park, An, Zhang, Zhao, Cui, Chen, Han, Jiang, Liu and Yin, which have hardly appeared in the history of Koguryo. Besides Jin Hepu, Li, Zhang, Zhao, Cui, Chen and Liu were the most popular and expensive surnames in China from the late Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Among the five major surnames in South Korea, Kim Benguan 106, Park Benguan over 70, and Cui Benguan 43, all of which are of local origin, and there is no common surname introduced from China. Of the 109 biographies of Li, about 30 were imported from China. Of the 35 biographies of Zheng, only two were imported from China, namely "The Biography of Ruishan Zheng" and "The Biography of Langya Zheng". An, Bian, Bian, Cai, Cao, Chen, Chi, Ding, Fan, Fang, Fang, Hong, Kang, Ji, Jiang, Kang, Kong, Lian, Lu, Ming, Nan, Pan, Qian, Qin, Qiu, Ren, Shen, Shi, Song, Shen. Surnames such as Lin, Lu, Liu, Che, Luo, Lu, Nangong, Rui, Wang and Wu are circulated in the genealogy. Their ancestors were China people who entered the Korean peninsula during the Shang, Zhou, Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties.
Koreans don't have surnames. In the ancient Three Kingdoms period, Koguryo first began to use surnames in the first century AD. Baekje and Silla followed closely, and began to use surnames in the 4th and 6th centuries respectively. Due to the influence of China culture, Korean surnames are very similar to those of China people. Korean surnames can also be divided into single surnames and compound surnames. The most common surnames are Jin, Li, Park, Cui, Zheng and Jiang, and the compound surnames are, Zhuge, Dugu, Xianyu, Huangfu and Nangong. According to the statistics of 1985 Korean population and national conditions survey, Koreans have 275 surnames.
Another strange phenomenon in Korean surnames is "Ben". When people introduce each other, they should not only say their surnames, but also their "Ben". The so-called "Ben" refers to the origin of surnames, which is equivalent to the native place of China people. For example, although everyone surnamed Jin is surnamed Jin, the "roots" are different. For example, there are Guangzhou Jinshi, Anton Jinshi, Yicheng Jinshi and Gyeongju Jinshi. Li includes Yan 'an Li and Hanshan Li. People with the same surname "Ben" are kindred.
In South Korea, the brand of ××× clan association can be seen everywhere. This clan association is responsible for managing clan affairs. Such as the repair of ancestral graves, family temples and ancestral temples; Celebrate the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival for ancestors twice a year; Revise the genealogy every 30 years to help people solve various problems. In Korea, some surnames have only one "Ben" and some surnames have multiple "Ben". The most "Ben" is Jin, with 282 "Ben". Li also has 237 books.
In addition, there are more than 100 "Ben" surnames, such as Park, Cui and Zheng. The vast majority of Koreans are on the Korean peninsula, but there are also some "Ben" in China. This is because China and South Korea have been close neighbors since ancient times. In the years of mutual communication, some China people moved to the Korean peninsula, and brought their own surnames, which gradually merged into Korea and became Korean surnames.
In Korea, every surname family has its own genealogy. Genealogy records the origin of the ancestors of this family, the origins of various sects of this family, the official positions of each generation, where the men of this family married the women of this family, where the women of this family married the men of this family, and other related information, which is very detailed. Koreans attach great importance to genealogy and revise it every 30 years. All families should properly preserve the genealogy and pass it on from generation to generation. Even if you go overseas, you should pass it on from generation to generation and keep the genealogy, otherwise you will be in trouble if you can't produce evidence when you return to China to recognize your ancestors.
The earliest historical record of Korean culture was in 35 BC. After the Korean War, the confrontation between the north and the south of the Korean peninsula led to the differences of modern Korean culture, but the traditional cultures of the two sides came down in one continuous line. The Korean Peninsula has a close relationship with China in history, so its traditional culture is deeply influenced by China's traditional culture, but it still retains its unique characteristics.
From the 2nd century BC to around A.D., Fuyuguo, Koguryo, Niju, Dongling and other small countries or tribes were mainly distributed in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula and the northeastern part of China. The Western Han Dynasty established four counties in this area. However, due to the local people's counterattack, Fan Zhen and Lintun County quickly disintegrated, and Xuantu County was also transferred to Liaodong. At the same time, after the rise of the Yalu River basin, Goguryeo began to gradually unify neighboring countries, and annexed Lelang County, the last county of the Han Dynasty, at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty.
The word "Korea" first appeared in China's ancient book Shan Hai Jing. Hai Neijing said: "In the East China Sea, in the corner of the North Sea, there is the name of Korea and Tiandu." "North Korea is in Lieyang, north of the East China Sea and south of Shannan. The fierce yang is a swallow. " . Zhou Wuwang sealed Ji Zi's land in North Korea, as recorded in The Great Biography of Shangshu, which was written 200 years ago. The word "North Korea" in the biography of Shangshu means "Asahi is bright" and the word "DPRK" is pronounced as "Asahi". However, the 55th episode of Historical Records 1 15 Biography of Korea quoted Zhang Yanyun: "North Korea has wet water, bottled water, Shantou water, and three waters are combined into bottled water, so it is suspected that Le Lang North Korea got its name from this." Suo Yin-yun said, "The Yin Chao dynasty was arrogant and rebellious, and its fresh voice was immortal. It is also named after water. 1. " In Historical Records, Zhou Wuwang also sealed Kiko on Korean land. [7] During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Dongyi tribes in eastern China also moved into the Korean peninsula. "The Warring States Policy" and "Yance I" contain: "Su Qin will follow, and Yan said in the north:' Yandong has Korea and Liaodong'".
The word "Korea" is used to refer to "ancient Korea" (Tan Jun Korea), "Jizi Korea" and "Wei Man Korea" in the Korean history book "The Heritage of the Three Kingdoms". In China's history books from the Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, "Korea" only refers to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, while the southern part of the Korean Peninsula is called "three Koreas" (namely, Chen Han, Mahan and Han Ge). In BC 194, Wei Yanman overthrew the quasi-king of ancient Korea, and the country name was still "Korea", which was called Wei Man Korea in history. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty invaded Korea and established four counties. Since then, the word "Korea" has long since disappeared from China's classics. It was not until the late14th century that Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, chose North Korea as the country name. At present, Korean officials have regarded the legend of ancient Korea in Danjun as the beginning of Korean history. But this does not deny that Confucius once mentioned Korea, the country of oriental scholars.
In 668, with the help of the Tang Dynasty, Silla conquered Katmandu and Baekje, then Goguryeo, and the Korean peninsula entered an era of unification of Silla. With the hype of North Korea's main historiography and South Korea's media, it is believed that this period of history is the era of North and South countries, that is, Silla in the south is unified and Bohai in the north is unified.
According to archaeological discoveries, primitive humans lived on the Korean peninsula hundreds of thousands of years ago. The Paleolithic Age of the Korean Peninsula began in 500,000 BC and entered the Bronze Age in 10 BC. In the 4th century BC, it entered the Iron Age. Legend has it that since the 24th century BC, Tangen ancient Korea (meaning "the country of quiet morning light") has been formed in the northern part of the Korean peninsula.
During the First Three Kingdoms period, there were Fuyu, Japanese, Yi and Dong tribes in Northeast Asia. In the north of the Korean peninsula and northeast of China, the tribe in the south of the Korean peninsula is Sanhan. After entering the 4th century, Goguryeo rose in the Yalu River valley, unifying the tribal countries in the north and destroying the four counties in the Han Dynasty. In the southwest, Baekje wiped out 54 countries in Malaysia and North Korea. Chen and Han in the southeast were also merged into Silla by 12 countries. The Korean peninsula formed a period in which Goguryeo, Silla and Baekje stood in three pillars, which is called the "Three Kingdoms Era" in history.
In the 7th century, Silla and Tang Dynasty destroyed Baekje and Koguryo successively. After the Luotang War in 676, Silla unified the south of the Datong River on the Korean peninsula. Koguryo, north of Datong River, was inherited by Bohai State in Tang Dynasty. In 904, Koguryo was established after the establishment of the Golden Bow of Silla Monk. In 9 18, Wang Jian, a later Koguryo general, established Korea, which was later named "Korea" (the name was spread to the European world by Arab merchants in the Korean era, and the etymology of "Korea" in English or European was "Korea"), which was deeply influenced by Buddhism in China.
1392, North Korean general Li Chenggui was renamed as North Korea by Ming Taizu, which was called "Korea Dynasty" or Lee Korea and North Korea in history. The dynasty ruled the country with Confucianism, which replaced Buddhism as the concept of governing the country. During the reign of Emperor Sejong, the economy, culture, military affairs and science and technology of the dynasty were greatly developed.
Chinese on the Korean peninsula refers to Chinese who immigrated to the Korean peninsula before the partition of Korea and Korea. Now it has developed to at least the third and fourth generations. In South Korea, they call themselves Hanwha (Korean China), while Koreans usually call them overseas Chinese.
Overseas Chinese are different from the new immigrants (about 200,000 people:16,000 Korean in China and 40,000 Han) who went to South Korea to study, work and live after People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) established diplomatic relations with South Korea. Although the Chinese population on the Korean peninsula is the second largest ethnic group after the Koreans, its importance tends to weaken. Today, there are about 23,000 people in South Korea and about 22 133 people in North Korea. It accounts for about 0.07% of the total population of 70 million on the peninsula. Most South Koreans live in Incheon, followed by Busan and Seoul. In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, there are more China people in Pyongyang.
Unlike ordinary overseas Chinese from Guangdong and Fujian, more than 95% of the Han people in South Korea come from Shandong, and most of them come from Yantai, Qingdao and Weihai.
According to the history of the Korean peninsula, the ancestors of many clans of Koreans originated in the Central Plains. These people came to live in the south of the Korean peninsula mainly because of the war (one of the ethnic origins of Chen people and Han people is from the Central Plains). Today, many traces of Central Plains people migrating to the Korean Peninsula can be seen in the Korean household registration book, such as Suzhou Jia. However, they are already Koreans and are no longer regarded as China people.
At the end of Qing Dynasty, in order to escape the war, most of them crossed the Yellow Sea from Shandong Peninsula and landed in Incheon, Busan and Seoul at that time. Most of them are engaged in agriculture, catering, construction and other industries after landing.
19 10 During the Japanese occupation of the Korean peninsula, there were many entrepreneurs and wealthy businessmen among Korean Chinese. On the one hand, the Japanese should make use of Chinese resources, on the other hand, they should prevent Chinese from growing bigger. At that time, it was stipulated that the number of China people employed in large-scale infrastructure construction should not exceed 1/3 of the total number of workers.
1948 after the founding of the Republic of China, many Koreans still immigrated to Korea. In particular, the latest wave of Chinese mainland immigrants appeared before and after the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party (1949). For example, when the government of the Republic of China withdrew from Chinese mainland, a large number of China people entered North Korea from northeast China or Shandong Province; A few come from other coastal areas of China.
The number of overseas Chinese in Korea reached100000 at the peak of 1922. 193 1 year, after the Wanbaoshan incident, a large number of overseas Chinese returned to China, and the population dropped to 30,000 to 40,000. By 1945, when Japan surrendered, it rose slightly to 50 thousand. In the 1960s, the number of overseas Chinese dropped to 20,000, while in the 1970s, there were only six or seven thousand people left. In 2002, the total number of overseas Chinese in North Korea was about 22,654,38+0,33. More than half of them live in Pyongyang; 300 households in North Ping An Road; There are 200 families in Cijiang Road and North Hamgyong Road.
Among the five major surnames in South Korea, Kim Benguan 106, Park Benguan over 70, and Cui Benguan 43, all of which are of local origin, and there is no common surname introduced from China. Of the 109 biographies of Li, about 30 were imported from China. Of the 35 biographies of Zheng, only two were imported from China, namely "The Biography of Ruishan Zheng" and "The Biography of Langya Zheng".
An, Bian, Bian, Cai, Cao, Chen, Chi, Ding, Fan, Fang, Fang, Hong, Kang, Ji, Jiang, Kang, Kong, Lian, Lu, Ming, Nan, Pan, Qian, Qin, Qiu, Ren, Shen, Shi, Song, Shen. Surnames such as Lin, Lu, Liu, Che, Luo, Lu, Nangong, Rui, Wang and Wu are circulated in the genealogy. Their ancestors were China people who entered the Korean peninsula during the Shang, Zhou, Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties.