Fang Bao initiated the theory of "righteousness and law" and advocated the unity of "Tao" and "Wen". The article advocates "righteous law", which lays the foundation for Tongcheng School's prose theory. Later, Tongcheng School's article theory, that is, taking Fang Bao's "righteousness and law" as the program, developed and improved continuously, thus forming the Tongcheng School, the main league of literary circles in the Qing Dynasty with far-reaching influence, which is still valued by the national academic circles, and Fang Bao is therefore called the originator of Tongcheng School. He has written many books in his life, including Zhou Guanzhu 13, Zhou Guanyan 36, Foreign Anthology 10, Addendum 14, etc. , and edited Interpretation of Song and Yuan Dynasties in Tongzhitang.
Liudaxiao
Liu Dakui (1698— 1780) was born in Chenjiazhou, tanggou Town.
Heavy hair division from fellow villagers Wu Zhi, outstanding talent. In his twenties, he entered Beijing in cloth. When Fang Bao saw his article, he was very impressed and said, "If it is a bud, it is not enough!" " Ziyi Liu Sheng is a national scholar! "He also praised him as a first-class figure such as Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu, who was famous in Beijing for a while, and literati were more willing to make friends with him. Yongzheng seven years (1729), ten years, two times to take the exam on the vice list. After six years (174 1), he recommended Yingbo Ci, which was suppressed by Zhang, a great scholar. Zhang Hou knows that the big cave is the same city, and he deeply regrets it. After fifteen years of Qianlong, Zhang specially invited him to participate in Confucian classics, but he was not admitted. After the age of 60, Dayu became the Oracle of Yixian. A few years later, he returned to his hometown, stopped traveling along the Zongyang River and taught literature as a student.
The master learned from Fang Bao and won his praise. He is also a teacher of Yao Nai, so he is one of the "Three Ancestors of Tongcheng School". Although Da Mao was born in Fang Bao, his writing style is different. Fang Bao is deeper than Confucian classics. The article advocates righteousness, and his pen is rigorous, concise and accurate. The big hole emphasizes the charm of ancient Chinese prose, and it is rich in Zhuang, Sao, Zuo, history, Han, Liu, Europe and the Soviet Union, which is magnificent. Form a style of "beautiful spring, abnormal situation". Not only that, Dayu also had a great influence on the formation of "Yanghu School". During the Qianlong period, Qianru Temple in Changzhou was taught at the gate of Dadutou, and was later told by Wang Zhuo, a disciple of Dadutou, that he was a teacher in Wujin Yanghu and Zhang Huiyan. Mr. and Mrs. Yun and Mr. Zhang began to abandon school and specialize in Tongcheng School's ancient prose, later called "Yanghu School".
Heavy hair has a beautiful beard, is bold and unrestrained, reads ancient poems vertically, has a sonorous rhyme, likes drinking and reciting poems. Da Mao's works include anthology 10, poetry anthology 6, ancient poetry anthology 48, and poetry anthology 93. After his death, he was buried in Liujiaji, Xiangrong Village, Jinshe Township. The tomb is a provincial-level protected cultural relic.
Yao Nai
Yao Nai (1731-1815), whose real name is Ji Chuan, also known as Bao Xuan, was born in Yaowangji, Jinyijin Town, and his tenth ancestor Yao moved to Tongcheng City. When I was young, I liked studying. My uncle Fan Yao gave me scriptures, and I also learned ancient Chinese from Liu Dakui, which showed my extraordinary talent. In the 28th year of Qianlong (1763), he was awarded Jishi Shu as a scholar. Three years later, the museum changed its owner and returned to the Ministry of War. Director of the etiquette department of the Ministry of Rites. Later, he took the provincial examinations in Shandong and Hunan and served as the deputy examiner. He will try to punish the examiner and the Guangdong Secretariat. The Qing court opened the Siku Quanshu Museum, which was recommended as an official. Cheng Shu, begging for support, did not enter the official career at the age of 44.
On the basis of Fang and Liu, Yao Nai put forward the trinity of righteousness, textual research and ci, and developed the theory of "righteousness and law", which made Tongcheng School's literary theory more complete and in-depth. Another important contribution of Nye to traditional literary theory is his original theory of "rigidity and softness of yin and yang", which is a major breakthrough in the aesthetic theory and stylistic features of China's ancient prose. Nai is the author of Nine Classics (volume 19), Supplementary Notes to Three Biographies (volume 3) and Collected Works of Xi Baoxuan (volume 16). In the 15th year of Jiaqing (18 10), Yao Nai died of illness in Nanjing Zhongshan Academy at the age of 85. In the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing, he was buried with his wife Zhang in the iron gate of Ruanfan Village, Yijin Town. This tomb is a provincial cultural relics protection unit.
Wu Rulun
Wu Rulun (1840— 1903) was born in Wuniuzhuang, Laoqiao Village, Gonghui Township.
When you were a child, your family was poor, you studied hard, you loved ancient Chinese, and you despised folklore. Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty was promoted to middle school for three years (1864), and the following year, he was awarded a cabinet letter. Zeng Guofan loved talents and stayed in the shogunate as one of the "four disciples of Zengmen". After Frant Gwo's death, Li Hongzhang entered the curtain again. In the curtain call between Zeng and Li, Zeng and Li performed more than his handwriting. He has served as a well-known person in China and Jizhou. Wherever Ru Lun went, he first attached importance to education, then abandoned his official position and became the dean of Baoding Lianchi Academy. In the 28th year of Guangxu, the Qing court appointed him as a teacher of Shi Jing University and added five titles.
Ru Lun strongly advocated learning western scientific and cultural knowledge, educating people for the country and "enriching Qiang Bing". He advocated "middle school as the body, western learning for use" and made in-depth exploration of western science and philosophy. After being the chief teacher of Shi Jing University, he went to Japan to inspect the academic system. During the inspection, I went deep into dozens of schools, wrote memos day and night, and compiled a book "Journey to the East", which was the earliest monograph introducing Japanese education in China. During his stay in Japan, Emperor Meiji also specially received him. After coming back from Japan, after passing through Anqing, the provincial capital, he borrowed the south courtyard of the Governor's yamen to establish Tongcheng School, claiming to be the dean, and invited Japanese scholars to teach as early as in Kawasaki Tomomi. In order to encourage future generations, he personally wrote "Mian Guo Cheng Qi" and "It took nearly a hundred years for people to flourish, and the embryo is here; Combine the essence of China and the West and cultivate them. This school, the predecessor of today's tongcheng middle school, is the first new-style school founded in Anhui Province, and it is an experimental park for promoting new-style education in Wu Rulun, with great and far-reaching influence.
Ru Lun is a master of Tongcheng School in the later period, with profound knowledge and nearly 50 works. After his death, he was buried in his hometown of Niu Shan, and the cemetery is a provincial key cultural relics protection unit.
The Pride of Anqing-Qian Qian
China cloned the functional genes of rice agronomic traits for the first time. The research team, led by Dr. Qian Qian, a young scientist and a first-class outstanding talent from Rice Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has made outstanding progress in the molecular genetic mechanism of rice tillering and the cloning of functional genes in cooperation with other scientists in the functional genomics project group of important rice traits.
The research paper was published in the international authoritative magazine Nature. This is the first time that China has cloned functional genes of important agronomic traits of major crops with independent intellectual property rights and application prospects in the world in the past 20 years, and it is also the first time that the research results of functional genes of animals and plants in China have been published in international high-level magazines.
It is understood that the tillering control gene MOC 1 in rice was isolated and identified by genetic mapping and cloning techniques. Genetic analysis showed that MOC 1 was caused by a single recessive mutation, and MOC 1 encoded a transcription factor, belonging to a unique transcription factor family member of plant genome. As a major gene, MOC 1 regulates a delicate and complex signal transmission network, which regulates the formation and normal growth and development of rice tillering teeth. Through the in-depth study of its function and signal transduction pathway, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the molecular mechanism of tillering regulation of cereal crops and then apply it to the cultivation of super varieties of cereal crops such as rice.
At present, the country is investing huge sums of money to carry out comprehensive research on rice functional genome, and as an important part of the major scientific and technological project "Functional Genome and Biochip", it focuses on exploring the mystery of controlling rice yield, quality and stress resistance, and cloning functional genes with independent intellectual property rights. Tillering is a special branching characteristic formed during the growth and development of Gramineae crops such as rice, which largely determines the yield of rice and is an important aspect of cultivating "super rice". This achievement indicates that China has the international leading ability in rice functional gene research.
China popularization of science network
Brief introduction of Qian Qian
Qian Qian: Male, doctor, researcher, doctoral supervisor. Anqing, Anhui Province, born in 1962, graduated from Anqing No.2 Middle School in 1979. Director, researcher and doctoral supervisor, Genetic Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, 1997 -2003, scientist of Sino-Japanese cooperative research on "Innovating Rice Germplasm by Biotechnology".
1983, 1989 and 1995 obtained bachelor's, master's and doctor's degrees in agriculture from Nankai University, Hokkaido University and China Academy of Agricultural Sciences respectively. He has been engaged in research in rice genetics and other fields for a long time. More than 50 papers were published in academic journals at home and abroad, and SCI included 15 papers. In April 2003, the original paper was published in Nature. Won the Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Science and Technology Progress Award, and 1998 won the Zhejiang Youth Science and Technology Award. He was selected as the first-class candidate of "15 1" talent project in Zhejiang Province, and became the first batch of senior visiting scholars of China Academy of Sciences in the same year. In 2002, he won the Young Science and Technology Award of China Agricultural Society and was selected as the first batch of outstanding talents of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
At present, he has presided over and participated in a number of national "973" and "863" scientific research projects. The main research direction is the innovation of rice seed resources. Main research contents:
1. molecular genetics research
Molecular markers were developed to identify true and false hybrid rice varieties; Genes such as single tiller, low cellulose, giant embryo gene, wide compatibility and new dwarf source were located. Single tiller and low cellulose genes were cloned.
2. Study on the basic theory of classical genetics and breeding.
Systematic research on the inheritance of rice specificity; Mutants such as gibberellin deficiency and cytoplasmic white and green seedlings were found.
3. Study on new characters of rice.
Change the traditional concept of rice as a food crop and make it a food and cash crop.