The country name is defined as "the country of lakes and swamps"
The area is 3.381.45 million square kilometers.
Population: 5,236,600 (end of 2004). Finland has two official languages: 93% of the population speaks Finnish and 6% speaks Swedish. The minority population includes Sami, Russians, Jews, etc. Most Finns (89%) believe in Christian Lutheranism, and about 1% of the population believe in Orthodox Church. The rest include a few Christians, Protestants, other sects, Roman Catholics, Muslims and Jews. After the winter war, about 12% of the population needs to be resettled. War reparations, unemployment and uncertainty about Finland's independent future led to a large number of immigrants leaving Finland in1970s.1990s, Finland began to receive a large number of refugees and immigrants.
Helsinki, the capital, has a population of 559,000 (end of 2004). The average temperature in summer is 65438 06℃, and the average temperature in winter is -5℃.
The capital Helsinki, known as the Pearl of the Baltic Sea, is a garden-like modern city with wide streets and prosperous business. Modern architecture and the medieval capital have strong national characteristics, and many museums of various types in the city attract tourists from all over the world.
The head of state, President Tarja Halonen (female, from the Social Democratic Party), took office on 6 March 2000. He was re-elected on March 1 2006.
Independence Day (65438+February 6th)
The national flag is rectangular, with the aspect ratio of 18: 1 1. The flag is white. A wide blue bar slightly to the left divides the national flag into four white rectangles. Finland is known as the "country of thousands of lakes", bordering the Baltic Sea in the southwest, and the blue flag symbolizes lakes, rivers and oceans; The other symbolizes the blue sky. One third of Finland's territory is in the Arctic Circle, and the climate is cold. The white flag symbolizes the snow-covered land. The cross on the national flag represents Finland's close relationship with other Nordic countries in history. The national flag was made around 1860 at the suggestion of Finnish poet Charies Tobelius.
The national emblem is a red coat of arms. On the shield is a golden lion with a crown, a sword in the front paw and a machete in the back paw. Nine white roses are dotted around the lion. Lions symbolize the courage and strength of the Finnish people, and nine roses represent nine provinces in Finnish history.
National anthem "Motherland"
Lily of the valley (Liliaceae)
Finnish
Currency Finnish mark
Time difference with Beijing -6.00
International telephone code 358
brief introduction
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Located in northern Europe. It borders Sweden, Norway and Russia, with Finland Bay in the south and Virginia Bay in the west. Coastline length 1 100 km. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. There are highlands in the north and east, and most of the rest are hills and plains. The inland water area accounts for 10% of the national area, with about179,000 islands and188,000 lakes, which is known as the "country of thousands of lakes". 13 of the country is in the Arctic Circle. It has a mild maritime climate. The average temperature in winter is-14℃-3℃, the average temperature in summer is 13℃- 17℃, and the annual average rainfall is 600 mm, which is cold in winter and mild in the south. From south to north, the monthly average temperature of 65438+ 10 is about-4-16℃; The temperature in July is 16- 13℃. The annual precipitation is about 400-600 mm (one third is graupel and snow). The forest area accounts for 7 1% of the total area, mainly pine and spruce. Water resources are abundant. There are minerals such as copper, zinc, gold, chromium, cobalt, titanium and vanadium.
The earliest inhabitants of Finland are Lapland, so Finland is also called Lapland. Later, Finns moved in and established the Grand Duchy of Finland. /kloc-ruled by Sweden in the second half of the 0/2nd century. 1809 After the Russian-Swiss War, it merged into the Russian Empire and became a grand duchy. The Republic of Finland declared independence.
At the end of the Ice Age about 9,000 years ago, the ancestors of Finns migrated here from the south and southeast.
Since Swedish King Eric brought Christianity to Finland in 1 154, the two countries have maintained a very close relationship for 700 years. Swedish has always been the first language of administrative and educational institutions, while Finnish was not valued until the upsurge of Finnish nationalism in the19th century and the publication of Ka Laivaara, Finland's first history of national poetry. Finland was occupied by the troops of czar Alexander I in 1808. Since then, Finland has been an autonomous principality of the Russian Empire until 19 17. 19 17 12.6 Soon after the Russian Bolshevik Revolution (October Revolution), Finland declared its independence. The country experienced a short but unforgettable civil war. During World War II, Finland fought two wars with the Soviet Union: the winter war of 1939~ 1940 (Sweden provided partial assistance to Finland) and the continuous war of 194 1~ 1944 (Nazi Germany provided important help to Finland). In the battle of Lapland from 1944 to 1945, Finland drove the Germans out of northern Finland. 1947 and 1948 signed many treaties with the Soviet union, which stipulated Finland's obligations and restrictions on the Soviet union, and Finland also made more territorial concessions on the basis of the 1940 peace treaty. 199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Finland finally decided its own destiny and joined the European Union in 1995.
politics
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general situation
Finland has been an independent republic since 19 17 12.6 declared its independence. Previously, Finland was a grand duchy under the rule of the Russian Empire. Its historical basis is Scandinavian peasant society with self-cultivation Finland is the only Nordic country that has established a republic on this basis, and the Finnish president has stronger political influence than the kings or monarchs of other Scandinavian countries.
Finland is a republic and a parliamentary representative democracy. Parliament is directly elected according to the principle of proportional representation, and the people have political power and exercise it through parliament. Parliament is the highest authority of the country, which adopts a unicameral system and consists of 200 members. It is re-elected every four years.
Congress consists of the House of Representatives and 200 members. Members are elected by direct election and proportional voting for a term of four years. The President of the Republic is elected every six years. The current President Tarja Halonen (Social Democratic Party) took office in March 2000 and was re-elected in 2006. Premier matti vanhanen is in charge of the daily affairs of the government. Finland officially became a member of the European Union on 1 99565438+1October1.
From June 5438+0 to February 1 in 2006, Finland held the rotating presidency of the EU for the second time. During his tenure, he made active efforts to improve the international status of the EU and enhance the consistency of its actions.
After the parliamentary election in March 2003, the centrist party, the Social Democratic Party and the Swedish People's Party formed a coalition government. In internal affairs, the government strives to maintain the steady growth of the national economy, increase the employment rate, realize the surplus of the central government, guarantee social welfare, and develop education and scientific research; Actively participate in EU decision-making, promote the implementation of EU policies in the northern region and the development of cooperation in energy, nuclear safety and environmental protection in the Baltic region.
form
19 19 July 17 July was promulgated and came into effect. According to the Constitution, the legislative power of the state is jointly exercised by the Parliament and the President of the Republic; The president is the head of state and has real power in charge of foreign affairs and commanding the three armed forces. He is elected every six years. 1999 the Finnish parliament adopted a new constitution, and the name of the constitution was changed from the government organization law to the constitution. The new constitution strengthens the role of parliament and government in the political life of the country, and reduces some powers of the president.
parliament
Unicameral system, the highest organ of state power and legislature. It consists of 200 members directly elected by voters for a term of four years. Its main function is to legislate, supervise the government and finance. The current parliament was elected in March 2003. There are 55 seats in the Middle Party, 53 seats in the Social Democratic Party, 4 seats in the United Party, 9 seats in the Left Alliance, 9 seats in the Green Alliance, 9 seats in the Swedish People's Party, 6 seats in the Christian Alliance and 3 seats in the Orthodox Finnish Party. Paavo paavo lipponen (Social Democratic Party) was elected on April 22nd, 2003.
government
The current government is composed of the centrist parties Social Democratic Party and Swedish People's Party on April 7th, 2003. Cabinet members 18, including 8 women cabinet members. The current cabinet members are: Prime Minister matti vanhanen (center party), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Ero Heinaluma (Social Democratic Party), Foreign Minister Erkki tuomioja (Social Democratic Party) and Minister of Foreign Trade and Development Mary kiviniemi (female, center party). Minister of Justice Lina Luhtanen (female, Social Democratic Party), Minister of Interior Kari Rajamaki (Social Democratic Party), Minister of Local Affairs hannis Manninen (Middle Party), Minister of National Defense Seppo Kaariainen (Middle Party), Ulla-Major Vidros (female, Swedish People's Party), Minister of Education Antti Kalliomaeki (Social Democratic Party), Minister of Culture Tania Karppela (. Minister of Communication and Communication Susanna Hovinen (female), Minister of Trade and Industry Mauri Pekkarinen (middle party), Minister of Social Health Tuula Haatanen (female, Social Democratic Party), Minister of Social Welfare Lissa Hisala (female, middle party), Minister of Labor Tarja Filatoff (female, Social Democratic Party) and Minister of Environment Jan-Erik Enestan (Swedish People's Party).
Uniform resource locator (URL)
Government website: http//www.valtioneuvosto.fi; ;
Parliament website: http://www.eduskunta.fi;
Website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: http://formin.finland.fi;
administrative division
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Finland has the earliest province of 12 (Finnish: singular lni, plural lnit Swedish: l? N), 1997 After the administrative division is redefined, the existing provinces are reduced to six:
Oran province (Finnish: Ahvenanmaan maakunta；; Swedish:? Land)
East Finland (Finnish: It? -Solman lni Swedish:? Strafenz l? n)
Lapland province (Finnish: Lapinlni Swedish: Lapland L? n)
Oulu province (Finnish: Oreni; Swedish: Ule? Bogle? n)
South Finland (Finnish: Etel? -Solman lni Swedish: S? Della Finanz? n)
West Finland (Finnish: l? NSI-suo men lni； Swedish: v? Strafenz l? n)
Among them, Oran House (? Land) enjoys a high degree of autonomy.
judicial authority
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The highest judicial organs are the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. The Supreme Court is composed of the President and 19 judges, and is responsible for hearing civil and criminal cases. The Supreme Administrative Court consists of the president and 20 judges, and is responsible for hearing administrative cases of government organs and provincial, municipal (county) institutions. Procuratorial organs are procuratorates at all levels. In addition, there is a national legal inspector who has the right to attend cabinet meetings and supervise whether the decisions of the president, the cabinet and government departments are in accordance with the constitutional provisions. Presidents, judges and prosecutors of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court are appointed by the President. Pauliine Koskelo (female), President of the Supreme Court, took office in June 5438 in 2006 10; Pekka Garberg, President of the Supreme Administrative Court, took office1993; Marty Kusimaki, Attorney General, 1997 took office; Paavo nikula, State Law Inspector, works in 1998. Riitta-Leena PAUNIO, Parliamentary Legal Ombudsman, took office in 2003.
political party
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Finland is a multi-party country. In March 2003, there were 265,438+0 registered political parties. The main political parties are centrist parties, Social Democratic Party and Unity Party.
(1) Finnish central party: the ruling party, founded in 1906. It was once called the Rural Residents' Federation, the Farmers' Federation and the Intermediate Force, but it was renamed as 1988 in June. There are about 200,000 people in party member. He has served in the cabinet since World War II. 1987 was excluded from the government after the parliamentary elections in March. 1991March won the parliamentary election and formed the largest party. 1995 lost the parliamentary election in March, but it is still the second largest party in parliament. In 2003, the parliamentary election won again, and the cabinet was reorganized to become the largest party. Advocate maintaining the position of agriculture in the national economy. Advocate disarmament and relaxation. Chairman matti vanhanen (elected in June 2003).
(2) Finnish Social Democratic Party: the ruling party, founded in 1899, formerly known as the Finnish Workers' Party, the second largest party in Parliament, with 59,000 people in party member. He has been in power for many times, and after the parliamentary election in March 2003, he formed a multi-party Coalition government with the middle party and the Swedish People's Party. Advocate democracy and freedom, advocate economic democratization, implement social changes that adapt to economic development, and establish democratic socialism. Actively participate in international peacekeeping and disarmament activities. President Paavo paavo lipponen,1993 was elected for the first time in June and re-elected twice in 2002).
③ Swedish People's Party: the ruling party, founded in 1906. It is made up of Swedes in Finland, with more than 30,000 people in party member. Safeguard the social status and rights of Swedish residents at home and support Finland's official foreign policy abroad. After the parliamentary election in 2003, he continued to be in power jointly with the middle party and the Social Democratic Party. Chairman Jan-Erik Enestan (1998 elected).
(4) National Alliance Party: referred to as the Unity Party, the opposition party, founded in 19 18. Party member, the third largest party in Parliament, has about 70,000 people. It mainly represents the interests of the bourgeoisie and advocates maintaining close economic and political relations with the West. 1987 has been in power for three consecutive times, and failed in the parliamentary election in 2003, becoming the opposition party. Chairman Jyrki Katainen (elected in 2004).
(5) Finnish Left Alliance: referred to as Left Alliance for short. There are 34,200 opposition parties in party member. 1990 was formed by the merger of Finland and People's Democratic Alliance. It is proposed that the party's political activities and organizational forms should adapt to the changes in the future capitalist society. The purpose is no longer to seize power and nationalize, but to expand the socialist component of the capitalist system. 65438+1entered the cabinet after the parliamentary election in March 1995 and became the opposition party after the parliamentary election in 2003. Party Chairman Suvi-Anne simes (female).
(6) Lvmeng: the opposition party, composed of different communities and regional communities, has no separate allies. In the parliamentary election in March 1983, he won two seats for the first time; The first national conference was held in May. 1987 autumn, decided to set up a green alliance. 1991the number of seats increased significantly after the parliamentary election in March, but it failed to enter the cabinet due to differences in energy policy. 1after the parliamentary election in March 1995, he joined the cabinet. In 2002, he withdrew from the government and became an opposition party because the parliament passed the plan to build a new nuclear power plant. Chairman Osmo Soininvaara (200 1 Elected).
(7) Christian Union of Finland: the opposition party, founded in 1958, with a membership of18,000, and taking Christian doctrine as its purpose. In the parliamentary election of 1960, he won the seat for the first time. Chairman Paivi Rasanen (female).
(8) True Finns Party: Formerly known as the Rural Party, the opposition party, 1959 split from the middle forces in Finland. 20,000 people in party member. Advocate safeguarding the interests of small farmers, urban poor and small and medium-sized enterprises. He once claimed to be a staunch opponent of official policy, and later adjusted his policy. 1983 joined the government for the first time after the parliamentary election. 1in August, 990, he quit the government because the national pension budget proposal was not passed. 199 1 opposition after parliamentary elections. Chairman Timo Soini (1997 elected).
(9) communist party, Finland: opposition party, formed by1a "minority" split from the former communist party, Finland in April 1986. After communist party of Finland stopped its activities in 1990 and merged into the "Left Alliance", the party continued its activities in the name of communist party of Finland (Unity), claiming to inherit the Finnish tradition. There are about 4000 people in party member. 19941/kloc-0 in June, the party held a party congress and decided to change its name to * * *. Since then, Yrjo Hakkanen has been elected as the party chairman.
economy
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In the 1980s, the Finnish economy continued to develop at an average annual rate of 3.7%. In the early 1990s, the economy experienced a serious recession. 1993 began to recover, and the overall economic development has been good since 1994. In the early 1990s, the Finnish government completed the adjustment of economic structure, increased the proportion of knowledge economy in the national economy, attached importance to investment in science and technology, developed high-tech and information technology, and continued to implement macro policies such as tightening finance, encouraging investment, cutting social welfare, reducing income tax, speeding up the privatization of state-owned enterprises and improving employment, thus maintaining stable economic growth. Economic growth remained at around 5% in the middle and late 1990s. 1999 joined the euro, and in 2002 1 officially circulated the euro to replace the Finnish mark. In 2004, the GDP149.7 billion euros, an increase of 3.7% over the previous year, and the per capita GDP was 28,600 euros. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, it was rated as "the most competitive country in the world" by the World Economic Forum for three consecutive years.
Wood (logging and processing) and paper making are the main industries, followed by oil refining, machinery, shipbuilding, steel, nonferrous metallurgy and textiles. Cow husbandry is developed. Cultivated land only accounts for 9% of the total area, most of which are feed crops, and the rest are wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beets and so on. 40-50% of export income is wood, wood products, paper and pulp, and the rest is metal products and livestock products (meat and dairy products). Imports are mainly machinery, coal, petroleum, metals, transportation equipment, cotton and tobacco. The external traffic at sea is busy; The transportation in the inland lake area is important, and there are canals connecting many lakes with a voyage of more than 6,600 kilometers. Tourism is developed.
The main economic indicators in 2004 are as follows:
Gross domestic product: 654.38+049.7 billion euros.
Per capita GDP: 28,600 euros.
GDP growth rate: 3.7%.
Currency name: Euro (Euro)
Exchange rate: 1 USD = 0.8840 Euro (2003)
Inflation rate: 0.9%
Unemployment rate: 9.0%
resources
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The forest coverage rate is as high as 66.7%, about 20.247 million hectares, with a per capita share of 3.89 hectares and a timber stock of 2.048 billion cubic meters. There are more copper in mineral resources, and a small amount of iron, nickel, vanadium and cobalt. Peat is rich in resources, with proven reserves of about 70 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 4 billion tons of oil. There are two nuclear power plants (four nuclear reactors).
industry
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In 2003, the industrial output value was 40.0/kloc-0.20 billion euros, accounting for about 365,438+0.1%of the GDP. The industrial employment population is 642,000, accounting for 34.2% of the total labor force. Industry developed rapidly in the 1990s, and has changed from labor-intensive and capital-intensive to technology-intensive. Forest-based wood processing, paper making and forestry machinery manufacturing are the economic pillars and have the world-leading level. The output of the whole forest industry accounts for 5% of the world's total output, and it is the second largest paper and paperboard exporter in the world (accounting for 25% of the world's exports) and the fourth largest pulp exporter. In recent years, the chemical and electronic industries have developed rapidly. The output of major industrial products in 2003 is as follows:
200 1 2002 2003
Log (million cubic meters) 53.3 54.2 55
Pulp (million cubic meters) 27.6 27.8
(Source: Finnish Statistical Yearbook 2004)
information industry
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The developed information industry has greatly promoted the development of domestic economy. In 2003, the output value was 3.392 billion euros, accounting for 2.8% of the GDP. Finland is one of the countries with the highest proportion of Internet access and the largest number of mobile phones per capita. In 2003, every 65,438+10,000 people had 2 19 access terminals, and the mobile phone penetration rate was 9 1%.
Agriculture and forestry
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Forestry is developed and agricultural and livestock products are self-sufficient. In 2003, the output value of agriculture and forestry was 4.367 billion euros, accounting for 3% of the GDP of that year. Agriculture and forestry are closely combined, and almost all farmers manage a certain amount of forest land. In 2002, the cultivated land was about 2201.55 million hectares, and the labor force engaged in agriculture and forestry was1.3 million, accounting for about 5. 1% of the total labor force. The output of main agricultural and livestock products is as follows (unit: 10,000 tons):
200 1 2002 2003
Wheat 48.9 56.9 67.9
Barley178.7173.9169.7
Oats128.7150.8129.5
Rye 6.4 7.3 7.3
Milk (1 100 million liters) 23.8 23.8 23.2
Butter 6. 1 6. 1 5.8
Meat 34.0 35.9 37.4
Eggs 5.7 5.5 5.6
(Source: Finnish Statistical Yearbook 2004)
service industry
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The service industry is developed and has been more perfect since the 1980s. It is basically divided into two categories: private service industry and public management service industry. Mainly including commerce, trade, hotels, restaurants, banks, insurance, social services and public services. In 2003, the output value of service industry was 78.08 billion euros, accounting for 54.4% of GDP, and the employed population was 695,000, accounting for 3 1.2% of the total labor force.
tourism
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In 2003, there were 4.33 million foreign tourists coming to Finland, and the tourism income was 65.438+65.5 million euros, accounting for 654.38+0.654.38+0.5% of the GDP. Tourists mainly come from Sweden, Russia, Germany, Britain and the United States. The main tourist spots are Helsinki, Turku, the eastern lake area, the northern rabbi area and Oran Island.
Tourism projects:
courage
Picking wild berries and mushrooms in the wild is one of the ways to appreciate Finland's purity and nature. In other countries, you may have to pay, and there are regional restrictions, but you can choose at will under the protection of Finnish national laws and regulations, Everyman's Rights.
In Finland, 67% people will regard this as a summer activity.
Astronomical landscape
Extreme day and night
Because most of Lapland province in Finland is located in the Arctic Circle, you can see extreme days and nights. In extreme days, the midnight sky will not be gloomy. Even on the southern coast, there is 19-20 hours of sunshine.
dawn sunshine
On cold and dry nights, the greater the latitude, the more opportunities you have to see the Northern Lights. In northern Uzhuoji, the annual viewing date of the Northern Lights is165438+125 October to 65438+ 10/7.
transport
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The transportation industry is developed, mainly relying on railways and highways. Transportation in 2003:
Railway: The total length is 585,654,38+0 km, electrification is 465,438+0%, passenger traffic is 3.3 billion person-kilometers, and freight volume is 65,438.8 billion ton-kilometers.
Highway: The total length is 78 197 kilometers, including 653 kilometers of expressway. There are 2.63 million motor vehicles of all kinds, including about 2.275 million cars, 6.5438+0.04 million buses and 359.4 million trucks, with a passenger volume of 7.7 billion person-kilometers and a freight volume of 26.9 billion tons-kilometers.
Water transport: 630 merchant ships with gross tonnage1484,000 tons; The inland waterway is 9 149 km long, with passenger traffic 1 10,000 km and freight volume of 400 million km. The coastal route is 9534 kilometers long, with passenger volume10.37 billion person-kilometers and freight volume of 2.5 billion tons-kilometers. There are nearly 30 water transport ports with a total throughput of 365,438+billion tons. Important ports are Helsinki, Turku, kotka and Boli.
Air transport: 0/57 airports/KLOC, 4 airlines, 697 civil aircraft and 35 international routes; Passenger traffic11million person-kilometers; The freight volume is 2 million tons kilometers; International airports include Helsinki, Turku and Tampere.
Pipeline: 580 kilometers of natural gas pipeline.
Finance and money
State financial revenue and expenditure (unit: one billion euros):
200 1 2002 2003
Income (not including loans) 356661
Expenditure 360.72 355.11368.97
Difference -6.46 +8.42 -4.84
(Source: Finnish Statistical Yearbook 2004)
In 2003, the foreign exchange reserve was 8.045 billion euros, of which the gold reserve was 565.438+0.5 billion euros; The balance of payments current account surplus is10.599 billion euros, and the net foreign debt is 63.32 billion euros, accounting for 44.2% of GDP.
foreign trade
In 2003, the export volume was 46.378 billion euros, accounting for 57% of GDP, and about 50 countries had trade relations. The foreign trade situation in recent years is as follows (unit: billion euros):
200 1 2002 2003
Exit 478 472.45 463.78
Import 358.91356.1367.75
Variance119.1116.34 96.03
(Source: Finnish Statistical Yearbook 2004)
Finland's export commodities mainly include machinery and equipment, chemical products, metals, paper and cardboard. Imported commodities mainly include grain, petroleum and petroleum products, steel, textiles and feed. The main trade targets are EU countries. In 2003, imports and exports to EU countries accounted for 55% and 53% of the total imports and exports, to other European countries for 65,438+03% and 9%, to North America for 5% and 9.2%, to OECD countries for 73% and 74%, and to developing countries for 65,438+02% and 65,432% respectively. In 2003, Finland's main trading partners were Germany, Sweden, Russia, Britain and the United States.
outward investment
Finland's direct investment countries are mainly Sweden and other EU countries, and foreign direct investment in Finland mainly comes from Sweden, the Netherlands and the United States. In 2003, Finland's foreign direct investment was 54.396 billion euros, and foreign investment in Finland was 36.738 billion euros.
foreign aid
In the early 1990s, Finland's economy declined, and the government was forced to drastically reduce foreign aid funds, which increased after 1994. The foreign aid situation is as follows (unit: billion euros):
200 1 2002 2003
Total amount 4.35 4.9 4.94
Percentage of GDP
(Source: Finnish Statistical Yearbook 2004)
The main recipients are Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Kenya, Viet Nam, Egypt, Nicaragua, China, Ethiopia and Nepal.
Famous company
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UPM- Camini is the third largest paper and paper products manufacturer in the world, with a history of 100 years. It has 930,000 hectares of forest in Finland and consumes an average of 240,000 cubic meters of forest materials every year. Mainly produces pulp, cardboard and packaging film. In 2003, there were 33,000 employees, with net sales of 9.9 billion euros and profits of 654.38+600 million euros. 1999 invested $600 million to establish Upm Huichuan (Changshu) paper mill in Jiangsu, with an annual output of 350,000 tons of high-quality cultural paper. In 2003, the turnover in China was US$ 500 million. In September 2005, the second papermaking production line invested by UPM in Changshu, Jiangsu Province was officially put into production, and Finnish Prime Minister vanhanen attended the celebration.
Founded in 1865, Nokia was engaged in papermaking, chemical industry and rubber industry in the early days, and began to enter the telecommunications market in the 1960s. It mainly produces mobile and fixed telecommunication network equipment and mobile phones, with 17 factories in 9 countries and R&D centers in 14 countries. Now it has become the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer and the world's leading provider of digital mobile and fixed networks. In 2003, there were 5 1400 employees, with sales of 29.455 billion euros and profits of 5.345 billion euros. China has become Nokia's second largest market in the world, with accumulated investment in China exceeding 2.3 billion euros. In 200 1 year, the sales revenue in China was 3.4 billion euros, and the export was 2.5 billion euros. In May 2000, Nokia Starnet (International) Industrial Park was completed in Beijing.
Stora Enso was formed by the merger of Swedish Stora Paper Company and Finnish Enso Paper Company in 1998. As one of the largest forestry production groups in the world, it mainly produces magazine paper, newsprint, wrapping paper and office paper. In 2004, there were 45,000 employees with sales of 654.38+02.4 billion euros. 1998 established a factory with an annual output of120,000 tons of offset paper in Suzhou.
Fortum, one of the major energy companies in Europe, is composed of Nestor Engineering Company and IVO Co., Ltd. Its business scope includes oil and gas, electric heat, engineering construction, operation and maintenance, and its business covers almost all energy fields. In 2004, the company had 65.438+0.3 million employees, sales of 65.438+0./kloc-0.70 billion euros and profits of 65.438+0.9 billion euros. Futeng has been doing business in China market for 20 years, mainly providing services and system equipment in the fields of oil, natural gas, solar energy, district heating, thermoelectric hybrid products and environmental protection technology.
Kaisko (Kesko) 1940 is a merger of four retailers. Since 1990s, the chain operation has achieved rapid development. The company is mainly engaged in the wholesale and retail of food, household goods, building decoration and the circulation and sales of agricultural products. In 2003, there were10.5 million employees, with sales of 7.07 billion euros and profits of10.60 billion euros.
The military president is the supreme commander of the army. The National Defense Commission is the highest advisory body. The Prime Minister is responsible for leading national defense activities in civil affairs. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Force is responsible for military defense activities. Admiral Juhani Caschera, Commander-in-Chief of the National Defence Force, took office on June 4th, 20001. The universal compulsory military service system is implemented, and the service period is 6- 12 months.
There are 4 15000 people in the standing army, including 27300 people in the army; There are 3,000 people in the navy, with a total tonnage of 6.5438+0.3 million tons; The air force is 4,500 people, and the main battle plane is F- 18c.
The national defense budget in 2003 was 2.006 billion euros, accounting for 5.4% of the government budget.