New viewpoint 1: Reform and opening up is a powerful driving force for Socialism with Chinese characteristics's development, and scientific development and social harmony are the basic requirements for Socialism with Chinese characteristics's development.
[Expert Comment] Li Chongfu (Researcher, China Academy of Social Sciences): By "Building China"
Socialism with characteristics is expressed as "developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics", and the change of the word contains profound connotations, indicating that the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory has entered a new stage. Standing at a new historical starting point, we will explore a broader road for Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the new concept of "developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics", the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause has expanded from the "trinity" of economic construction, political construction and cultural construction to the "four in one" including social construction; The goal of building a modern socialist country has expanded from "prosperity, democracy and civilization" to "prosperity, democracy, civilization and harmony".
New viewpoint 2: Both primary distribution and redistribution should handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, and redistribution should pay more attention to fairness. Gradually increase the proportion of residents' income in the national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution.
[Expert Comment] Lin Yifu (Professor Peking University): The report of the Party Congress puts the initial distribution on the agenda, which means that the income increase of low-income people will be accelerated, which is conducive to narrowing the disturbing gap between the rich and the poor. Increasing the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution can make those low-income people who can only earn income by labor share more of the fruits of economic development.
Yi Xianrong (researcher, Institute of Finance, China Academy of Social Sciences): Over the years, China's economy has developed and prospered, but the income distribution ratio of individual wages and labor factors in the whole economic development has not been high. According to the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, both efficiency and fairness should be taken into account in the initial distribution, which shows that solving the problem of unbalanced income distribution has been put on the central agenda.
Liu Wei (Professor Peking University): China is a country with a large population, and its labor supply is sufficient. In the national income distribution system, although a considerable number of workers' labor remuneration is obtained through redistribution, increasing the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution is to ensure that the labor remuneration in the initial distribution can be gradually improved with the economic development, and on the other hand, it can promote the coordinated rise of labor remuneration in redistribution, thus stimulating the enthusiasm and creativity of all workers.
New viewpoint 3: create conditions for more people to have property income.
Shang Fulin: This new formulation aroused my great interest. Property income will inevitably involve various investments, including investment in financial products, including savings, bonds, insurance, stocks and so on. We should actively promote the healthy development of the capital market and let investors share the benefits of economic growth fairly and justly.
[Expert Comment] Chen Xiaolong (Director, Urban Division, National Bureau of Statistics): Property income generally refers to the income of movable property (such as bank deposits and securities). ) and real estate (such as houses, vehicles, land, collectibles, etc. ) owned by the family. Including interest, rent, patent income, etc. Obtained by transferring the right to use property; Dividend income and value-added income from property management, etc. The commonly used "per capita disposable income" in statistics now consists of four parts, namely wage income (salary, etc. ), transfer income (pension, etc. ), operating income (business income, etc. ) and property income are distributed in proportion. In the "per capita disposable income", wage income is the main income, accounting for about 70%. Property income accounts for a small proportion, about 2%. The rapid growth of residents' property income in the future is a general trend.
New viewpoint 4: Promote economic growth from mainly relying on investment and export to relying on coordinated development of consumption, investment and export.
[Expert Comment] Huang Guitian (Professor Peking University) At present, China's final consumption rate is not only lower than the world average, but also lower than that of countries with the same income. As a country with a large population, in order to transform potential consumption demand into realistic effective demand and change the total demand structure of China's economic growth, it is necessary to continuously improve the income level and income expectation of urban and rural residents, so as to improve their consumption tendency.
Wang Yiming (Vice President of Macroeconomic Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission): The expansion needs to be based on the adjustment of income distribution structure and the improvement of residents' consumption capacity. Among them, a very important way is to give tens of millions of farmers and citizens treatment in cities and form a new source of expanding consumption space.
New viewpoint 5: On the basis of optimizing the structure, improving efficiency, reducing consumption and protecting the environment, the per capita GDP will quadruple that of 2000 by 2020.
Hu Youlan: In 2006, China's GDP ranked fourth in the world, but its per capita GDP ranked behind 100. The goal of quadrupling GDP has changed from "gross" to "per capita", which reflects the party's strategic deployment of making development achievements benefit the people.
[Expert Comment] Xu Xianchun (Deputy Director of the National Bureau of Statistics): From quadrupling the total GDP to quadrupling the per capita GDP, first, considering the population growth factor, it is a well-off society with higher standards. Second, the requirements of reducing consumption and protecting the environment have been increased, which is more difficult to achieve a well-off life.
Jia (Professor of the Central Party School): According to the report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the gross domestic product will quadruple by 2020 compared with 2000. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further proposed that the per capita GDP should quadruple on the premise of improving the quality of development, that is, by 2020, the per capita GDP will reach about $3,500. This is obviously a higher standard of well-off index, which can better reflect the situation that residents share the fruits in economic development and improve their quality of life and living standards.
New viewpoint 6: Building ecological civilization.
Ding Chun: In the past, we talked about building material civilization, spiritual civilization and political civilization. Now, the Central Committee has proposed building ecological civilization. This is a very new viewpoint, which contains at least the following two meanings: first, to achieve sustainable development, we must consider the ecological environment and resource conservation; Second, achieving sustainable development is not only a matter for the government, but also a matter for enterprises, individuals and the whole society.
[Expert Comment] Wang Yiming (Vice President of Macroeconomic Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission): Our resources and environmental carrying capacity is close to the border. Some recent pollution incidents have sounded the alarm for us, which makes us ponder: How long can the low-cost era of economic growth last? How long can the traditional economic growth mode, which is highly dependent on low-cost production factors and high-intensity investment, last? When will the "turning point" of rapid economic growth appear?
Yi Xianrong, a researcher at the Institute of Finance of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that we should not only consider the vital interests of the people, but also consider the survival and development of the entire Chinese nation. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the economy has developed rapidly, but the problems of energy, resources and environmental pollution are also very prominent. The new formulation of "ecological civilization" has raised the survival and development of the Chinese nation to an unprecedented height.
New viewpoint 7: Fully understand the new situation and new tasks of industrialization, informationization, urbanization, marketization and internationalization.
Liu Chuansheng (Party Secretary of Beijing Normal University): I graduated from Tsinghua University majoring in automation. When we were studying, we didn't know what the Internet was, but now, the Internet has swept the whole world. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China expanded the "four modernizations" (industrialization, urbanization, marketization and internationalization) into "five modernizations" (industrialization, informationization, urbanization, marketization and internationalization), which reflected our party's clear understanding of the world development and the characteristics of the times.
New viewpoint 8: It is suggested to gradually implement the election of deputies to the National People's Congress in urban and rural areas according to the same population ratio.
[Expert Comment] Zhang Chunsheng (Member of the Law Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress): Equality is one of the core principles of the election system of China Municipal People's Congress, which has two meanings: First, a voter has only one vote in an election; Second, the same number of voters should elect roughly the same number of representatives in an election. We have fully met the first requirement; The second requirement has not been fully met. At present, we are trying to take a step forward in due course and gradually narrow the gap.
Jia (Professor of the Central Party School): To expand citizens' orderly political participation at all levels and in all fields, it is necessary to improve the structure, function and power operation mechanism of the people's congress system. Among them, "it is suggested that urban and rural people should gradually elect deputies to the National People's Congress according to the same population ratio" is an unprecedented new formulation, which embodies the requirement of equal rights for urban and rural residents and is of great significance. It is conceivable that in the near future, the proportion of rural residents and urban residents in the number of deputies to the National People's Congress will be equal, the political status of farmers will be gradually improved, and they will have more say.
New viewpoint 9: strengthen institutional integration and explore a large-scale system with organically unified functions.
[Expert Comment] Wang Yukai (Professor of National School of Administration) Government reform is an important part of political system reform. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward some new ideas, such as the large-scale department system. In the future, the adjustment of the State Council and local government departments is expected to follow the overall adjustment direction of the government structure proposed in the report of the 17th National Congress.
Konka (Director, Institute of Fiscal Science, Ministry of Finance): The central and local governments have begun to explore the mode of "centralized management", and the concept of large-scale system indicates that further actions will be taken in institutional reform. The Ministry system can solve the contradiction of overlapping institutions, overlapping responsibilities, multiple policies and conflicting powers in the government, help to reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval, simplify official procedures and links, and improve the efficiency of policy implementation.
Chang Xiuze (Researcher, Macroeconomic Research Institute, National Development and Reform Commission): The large-scale system is a common practice in the operation and management of developed countries, which is conducive to the optimal allocation of resources. The "operation" of the current government department system reflects our party's determination to build a service-oriented government and get rid of the chronic diseases of the old administrative management system. After the 17th National Congress, China will set off a new wave of government management system reform.
New viewpoint 10: Strengthen civic awareness education and establish socialist ideas of democracy, rule of law, freedom, equality, fairness and justice.
Zhang Qunshan: Effectively promoting civic education and laying the necessary humanistic foundation for socialist democratic politics is the prerequisite for realizing the development goal of democratic politics in China. Civic awareness is a basic strategic element.
Li Jun: The word "civic awareness" first appeared in the report of the Party Congress, which is undoubtedly an important support for expanding people's democracy and developing socialist democratic politics.
New view eleven: pay attention to humanistic care and psychological counseling.
[Expert Comment] Qin Gang (Professor of the Central Party School): The words "humanistic care" and "psychological counseling" first appeared in the report of the Party Congress. These two new terms are the new embodiment of people-oriented in our party's ideological and political work. It is also an inherent requirement to establish the humanistic spirit of caring, loving and respecting people in social life. This new bright spot reflects the concern of the ruling party and society for the people. Serious ideological and political work began to pay more attention to people's inner feelings and be close to people's hearts.
Zhu (Young Commentator): At present, people's spirits and hearts are experiencing the same strong shock and impact as the great social changes. Moral confusion, lost ideals, crisis of trust and other phenomena have appeared in society to varying degrees, and some groups in the process of social class differentiation have also bred negative emotions such as deprivation, anxiety, frustration and injustice. The "humanistic care" and "psychological counseling" put forward in the report of the party congress are conducive to helping people solve ideological puzzles and contradictions, ease their emotions, maintain psychological balance and inner harmony, and find a spiritual home.
New viewpoint 12: implement the term system of representatives of the party congress, and select some counties (cities, districts) to try out the permanent system of the party congress.
[Representative's hot discussion] Zhao Yaping: The implementation of the term system for representatives of the Party Congress is conducive to the role of party representatives in supervision and consultation in peacetime; The trial implementation of the permanent system of party congresses is conducive to giving full play to collective wisdom.
Ouyang Song: Our party attaches great importance to inner-party democracy, and has long carried out a pilot project of the permanent system of party congresses at the city and county levels. In Ya 'an, Sichuan and Taizhou, Zhejiang, the permanent system of party congresses has been implemented earlier. So far, the permanent system of the party congress has achieved remarkable results. The relevant measures in the The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China report were decided on the basis of these pilot experiences.
New viewpoint 13: Select and recommend more outstanding non-party cadres to hold leadership positions.
Ouyang Song: The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward: "Strengthen cooperation and work with democratic parties, support democratic parties and personages without party affiliation to better perform their functions of participating in and discussing state affairs and democratic supervision, and select and recommend more outstanding non-party cadres to hold leadership positions." According to the needs of the post and the regulations on the selection and appointment of cadres, we will continue to do a good job in this area actively and steadily in the future, and select qualified non-party cadres to take up relevant leadership positions.
[Expert Comment] Wang Yongjie (Doctor of Law, Fudan University): The fact that non-CCP members hold full-time positions in government ministries shows that the development of democratic politics in China has opened up a broader channel for non-CCP members to participate in politics in an orderly manner. According to the latest statistics, there are more than 30,000 non-party people holding leadership positions at or above the county level, including 18 in ministries and bureaus directly under the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the State Council, and all 27 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and 15 sub-provincial cities are equipped with non-party deputy governors, deputy mayors or vice-chairmen.
New viewpoint 14: carry forward Chinese culture and build a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.
[Expert Comment] Jin Fei (distinguished professor, University of Tokyo, President of Japan-China Traditional Art Exchange Promotion Association): The genes of a nation's excellent traditional culture cannot be lost, and the roots of its spiritual home cannot be broken. In fact, the profound traditional culture is an important source of national cohesion and creativity. In several important stages of their respective development, Chinese and Japanese films have been nourished by their respective traditional drama arts. In recent years, they have participated in the planning of the classic version of Peony Pavilion, five original ballets "Light" and the ballet "Water". Just to promote the innovation of cultural content forms, institutional mechanisms and means of communication at a high starting point of the times, let Chinese culture go abroad and enhance its international influence. To promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture, we must carry forward our own national culture. It is the fulcrum for us to build a harmonious culture, maintain nationality and reflect the times.
Wang (winner of the Plum Blossom Award for Chinese Drama, national first-class actor): Chinese culture is the endless spiritual force of the Chinese nation. China Kunqu Opera, as the intangible cultural heritage of human beings, has created a unique aesthetic conception of drama poetry for the world, and also left the ideological essence of self-improvement, worrying about the country and the people, valuing harmony, persuading the good and restraining the evil, and going forward bravely for people today. Kunqu artists in the new era should be brave in exploration and innovation on the basis of truly grasping the classical charm, so as to coordinate classical art with modern civilization. Our northern Kunqu Opera Theatre created and performed Pipa, The West Chamber and Guan Hanqing. It entered the university campus, and made contemporary college students and ancient literati have a spiritual dialogue that transcends time and space.
New viewpoint 15: strive to make all the people learn to be educated, get paid for their work, get medical care for their illness, get a sense of security for their old age and live in a proper place.
[Expert Comment] Yin Yungong (Director, Institute of Journalism, China Academy of Social Sciences): In the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, six tasks were put forward to accelerate social construction focusing on improving people's livelihood, which are closely related to the lives of people of all ethnic groups in China. The realization of this goal will greatly enhance the fairness and justice of the whole society, thus making the people of all ethnic groups and all walks of life in China more harmonious and making the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics wider and wider.
Ding (Researcher, Macroeconomic Research Institute, National Development and Reform Commission): For a long time, people's demand for public goods and services such as education and medical care has been growing day by day. Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, and it is necessary to put the promotion of employment in a prominent position in public services. A social security system covering urban and rural residents will be basically established through social insurance, social assistance, social welfare and charity. We should also improve the low-rent housing system and give priority to the development of education so that everyone can enjoy basic medical and health services. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward a series of new requirements for these livelihood issues, with special emphasis on significantly strengthening the ability of local governments to provide these basic public services.