Chinese name: Kong Qiu.
Mbth: Confucius
Alias: Confucius, Zhong Ni
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Birthplace: Changping Township, Qiaoyi (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City)
Date of birth: September 28th, 5565438 BC +0.
Date of death: April 479 BC 1 1.
Occupation: teacher
Faith: Confucianism
Main achievements: Founding the Confucian School.
Compiling the Spring and Autumn Annals and Revising the Five Classics
Establish private schools and break aristocratic education.
Masterpiece: Spring and Autumn Annals
Personal life
Zi surname
Portrait of Confucius (39), with Confucius as the surname, the famous mountain and the word Zhong Ni. During the Spring and Autumn Period, people lived in Changping Township (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City, Shandong Province). The second child at home. China was an ancient writer, thinker, theoretical politician, educator, social activist, ancient literature collator and editor of Confucian school, and was praised as the founder of Confucian school by later generations. According to legend, he composed poems and wrote books, ordered rites and music, and prefaced Zhouyi into Chunqiu. He has been engaged in preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts all his life, and is honored by the people of China as "the most holy teacher and an eternal model". Later generations recorded Confucius' words and deeds and made The Analects. In the view of heaven, Confucius did not deny the existence of ghosts and gods, but he was skeptical about ghosts and gods and advocated "staying away from ghosts and gods". Confucius and Mencius are also called "Confucius and Mencius", and their thoughts are also called the Tao of Confucius and Mencius. Confucius was honored as "the most holy" and "the vegetarian king", while Ceng Zi was a saint. Mencius is an "Asian sage". His words and deeds were written by his students as The Analects of Confucius, a masterpiece of creation. He is also the most famous cultural celebrity in the world. Is the founder of the Confucian school. However, another handsome theory, Yang, an anti-Confucius elite, thinks that Confucius is useless. However, another theory, Mr. Yang, thinks that Yang is useless and his behavior is purely grandstanding. Confucius, the founder of the Confucian school, is also proficient in the ten wings of the Book of Changes. Confucius took the lead in breaking through this religious attitude towards natural landscape in theory. I love nature more, including disasters, earthquakes, tornadoes, dinosaur extinction and so on. The natural landscape is always good feng shui. He put forward the famous aesthetic proposition "The knower enjoys water and the benevolent enjoys Leshan" (The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye).
history
Confucius' ancestor was a descendant of Yin Shang (Huaxia nationality), so he was named Kong. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wuwang made Wei Zi his brother in the Song Dynasty (Xiayi) and was a loyal minister of the Shang Dynasty. Now he is buried next to Weishan Lake in Weishan County, Shandong Province. After Wei died, his younger brother Wei Zhong succeeded to the throne. Wei Zhong was the ancestor of Confucius. After Jia, the sixth ancestor of Confucius, his father, descendants began to take Confucius as their surname. His great-grandfather Kong fled from the Song Dynasty to Shandong to escape the civil strife in the Song Dynasty. Confucius' father Shu (word, name Ge) is a famous military commander in Lu. Shu first married Shi and gave birth to nine daughters, but no son. My concubine gave birth to a son named Meng Pi (the eldest son is Bo and the eldest son is Meng), but he has foot disease. Under the circumstances at that time, neither a woman nor a disabled son should inherit. Later, Shu married the third daughter of Yan State and gave birth to Confucius. Because he prayed in the mud mound before his death, he was named Qiu, ranking second, so the word was (according to the Interpretation of Confucius' Family Language and His Real Name, Shu had nine daughters and no children. His concubine gave birth to Meng Pi, whose name was Meng Pi Bernie, and she was ill. So he proposed to Yan. The Yan family has three daughters, and the youngest son is Zheng. ..... private prayer mud hill, gave birth to Confucius, hence the name "Qiu Zi Zhong Ni".
Confucius gives lectures (Figure 8) When Confucius was three years old, Shu died of illness. After that, Confucius' family was quite poor. Because of the troubled times, the benevolent policy advocated by Confucius has no room for display, but during the three months of governing Lu, the powerful state of Qi was also afraid of Confucius' talents, which shows that Confucius is worthy of the title of outstanding politician. Political dissatisfaction made Confucius devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius once worked as a scout in Lu, then traveled around the world with his disciples and finally returned to Lu to concentrate on teaching. Confucius broke the monopoly of education and started a private school, with as many as 3000 disciples, including 72 sages and 72 famous sages. Many of these 72 people are the pillars of senior officials in various countries. It also continued the glory of Confucian school.
Edit this passage about Confucius and natural landscape.
Confucius was the first person who broke through the religious attitude towards natural landscape in ancient China. I love nature, especially the natural landscape.
Personal realization
Confucius pair
Confucius' film and television image (Figure 8) has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Although he "kept his word but didn't do it", he was known as "the sage of heaven", "the sage of heaven" and "the sage of the ages" when he was alive, and he was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time. Later generations honored him as "the most holy" (the sage among saints) and "the teacher of all ages", and thought that he had compiled poems, books, rituals and music, prefaced Zhouyi (also known as Ten Wings of the Book of Changes, or Yi Zhuan) and wrote Chunqiu. The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucian school, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and their descendants. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. The Analects of Confucius, University, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius are also called the Four Books. There are twenty popular Analects of Confucius. The language of The Analects is concise and profound, and many of its remarks are still regarded as wisdom by the world. Moreover, in ancient times, Confucius was the first person that children worshipped when they entered school. Emerson, an American poet and philosopher, thinks Confucius is the glory of all nations in the world. 1988, 75 nobel prize winners gathered in Paris and issued a joint declaration after the meeting, calling on the world that "if human beings want to survive in the 2 1 century, they must look back 2,500 years ago and learn wisdom from Confucius." He has many disciples, such as Zi Gong, Lu Zi and Yan Yuan. Mencius, revered as a "saint" by later generations, was a disciple of his grandson Kong Ji (Zisi).
Editing this political career
Confucius Sculptures (6 pieces) Confucius was extremely clever and studious when he was young. At the age of 20, he was already very learned and was praised as "knowledgeable and versatile" by people at that time. At the same time, little known is that Confucius inherited his father Shu's bravery, and he was nine feet six inches tall. Now he is more than 1.9 meters, specifically, 196.8cm. His arm strength is extraordinary, far from the image of a weak scholar that some people in later generations thought. Besides, Confucius was an extraordinary drinker, and it was said that he had never been drunk. But Confucius never prided himself on being brave and addicted to alcohol. Confucius wanted to do something since he was in his twenties, so he was very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about many issues of governing the country, and often expressing some opinions. By the time he was 30, he was already famous. In the twenty years of Lu, he visited Lu and summoned Confucius to discuss the question of being king with him, and Confucius got to know him. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, civil strife occurred in Lu, and Lu was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu for Qi, where he was appreciated and entertained by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nishi to Confucius, but was stopped by the doctor Yan Ying. In the twenty-seventh year of Lu, at that time, the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard this, he turned to Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can still use it." Confucius had to flee to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, which was called "ruling the country with the minister." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave them up until he was appointed as the capital master in 9 years. At this time, Confucius was 5 1 year old. Confucius ruled Zhongdu (now Wenshang County) for one year, and achieved outstanding results. He was promoted to a small sikong, and soon he was promoted to a big Sikou, taking photos and taking care of Lu. 12 years, in order to weaken the leaders of Sanhuan (,Shu, III, because they are descendants of the third son, they are called Sanhuan. At that time, the state power of Lu was actually in their hands, and some retainers of the Third Ring Road also controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees. Confucius adopted the measures of "benefiting, benefiting and strengthening the three capitals". Later, the actions of Sandu were abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and Sanhuan was exposed. /kloc-in 0/3, Lu Dinggong of Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu to accept female music. The monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon, when Lu offered meat to the doctors after the sacrifice in the suburbs, he didn't give it to Confucius as usual, indicating that Ji didn't want to hire him any more. Confucius had to leave Shandong to find a way out and began to travel around the world. Confucius first took his disciples to Weiguo, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. According to Lu's salary standard, he was given a salary of 60 thousand, but he was not given an official position and was not allowed to participate in politics. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius, and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen. When passing through Kuangcheng, I was besieged for five days because of misunderstanding. I fled Kuangcheng, came to Dipu, met my uncle, a patriotic aristocrat who launched a rebellion, and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to China to defend his country. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Dipu, and went to meet him in person. Since then, Confucius has gone abroad several times and returned to China several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong had both good and bad feelings towards Confucius; On the other hand, after Confucius went abroad, he had nowhere to go and had to return. In the second year (Confucius was fifty-nine), Confucius left the country, passed through Cao, Song and Zheng, and arrived in the state of Chen, so the laborers besieged Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, not relying on the village in front or the shops in the back. Zigong ate up all the food they brought, and finally found the Chu people. The Chu people sent troops to meet Confucius, and Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful. Lu Aigong 16, Confucius was 73 years old and died of illness.
Forget to eat hard and take pleasure in forgetting your worries.
When Confucius was 62 years old, he once described himself like this: "He is also a human being. He forgets to eat when he is angry, and forgets his worries when he is happy. He doesn't know that his old age is coming." At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius didn't give up because of difficulties. He was still optimistic, stuck to his ideals and even knew he couldn't do it.
Be content with poverty
Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me." In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; You can't go anywhere unless you take the main road. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. "
Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was very famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "How dare I be a saint and a benevolent person?" Never tire of it, never tire of teaching. "Confucius learned that there was no regular teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. Therefore, he said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Do what is chosen, but do what is not. "
Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.
Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I treat others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. "Historical Records records that Confucius asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Laozi gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to death, considerate. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have his own, and a minister should not have his own. "This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself. Confucius established a moral theory with benevolence as the core with the idea of being kind to others. He is also a very kind person, compassionate, helpful and sincere. " Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. ""The beauty of a gentleman is not the evil of adults, but that of young people. "Bowing to others" and so on. , is his life rule.
Edit the ideological system of this paragraph
political thought
Its core is "courtesy" and "benevolence". In the general plan of governing the country, he advocates "governing the country by virtue", which is the noblest way to govern the country. Full-body portrait of Confucius
This strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". In fact, this strategy broke the traditional creed that courtesy is no less than Shu Ren's, and broke the original important boundary between nobles and civilians. Confucius' theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of human nature, while Confucius' theory of propriety embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is the eternal theme of mankind, which is applicable to any society, any era and any government, and order and institutional society are the basic requirements for establishing a civilized human society. This humanitarianism and order spirit of Confucius is the essence of China's ancient social and political thought.
Confucius' poems, if they reach the mouth of the Luge couple, can run away. A woman's admiration will be defeated by death. It is easy to live, but it is time to die. The singing of flies is thousands of miles away from the mountains, and the voice of flies is still in my ears. Kameyama exercises desire, while Kameyama shields desire. What can you do if you don't have an axe in your hand? Note: "Cao Qin": "Ji Gai-lu was delighted by his daughters, and Confucius wanted to remonstrate, so he retired and looked to Lu Guishan to compose songs." Cao Qin is a collection of guqin music, which was circulated as Cai Yong Collection in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Fishing is dry, but dragons don't swim. Cover the nest and destroy the eggs, and the phoenix will not stay. Grief rushed to my heart and restored my interest. Note: See Cao Qin. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, prefaced Zhouyi and wrote Chunqiu. (The Analects of Confucius was collected by Confucius' disciples. )