Tao Yuanming (365-427), a native of Chaisang, Xunyang, Eastern Jin Dynasty, was famous for his bright writing. He is known as Mr. Jing Jie in the world and calls himself Mr. Wu Liu, a famous poet. China's first pastoral poet. There is also a recluse poet, and Mr. Jing Jie evaluates him. Later generations called him "the Lord of the eternal pastoral, the eternal hermit."

Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots. What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.

[Note] Nanshan, namely Lushan Mountain, was once a place where Buddhism and Taoism gathered together.

(1) This poem organically combines narration, description, discussion and lyricism. Please choose any of these four expressions and make a short comment.

A: The first and second sentences describe and summarize the living environment of the poet. The situation revealed in the second sentence is a rare exception in the first sentence, so the word "he" is used as a firm turning point. Three or four sentences, in the way of asking each other, reveal the reasons for enjoying leisure alone in the five or eight sentences of Human Environment, describe the process of picking chrysanthemums in detail, and write your mood with what you have seen and heard. "The weather is getting better every day and the birds are coming back" has its own "carefree" mood. The last two sentences express feelings: "Forgetting Ci" permeates the poet's sincere love for seclusion.

(2) Scholars have always held different views on the sixth sentence of this poem: some think that leisure is better than Nanshan, while others think that leisure is better than Nanshan. Please briefly talk about your opinion.

A: The word "Jian" is good, and "Jian" can better express the "carefree" mode of the poet's unexpected encounter with the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain when picking chrysanthemums, thus marking the poet's carefree, indifferent and detached feelings, which are natural and true. The word "Wang" is good-"Wang" means to stare consciously, which can better entrust the poet's yearning for the Lushan resort where monks and Taoists gather. It is the true externalization of the poet's recluse thought, and embodies the creative principle that art forms obey the ideological content.

2. Listen to the flute of military vehicles in traffic jams

Wang Changling Gaoshi

Wang Changling (698-756), whose name was Shao Bo, was a famous frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Born in the first year of Li Tiansheng, Wu Ze (698), he died in the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756). There are two theories about Wang Changling's native place: Taiyuan and Jingzhao. The Old Book of the Tang Dynasty originally said that Wang Changling was from Jingzhao (Chang 'an, Tang Dou, now Xi 'an, Shaanxi), probably because he said in the poem Farewell to the Capital of Lipu that his hometown is now Baling West, and there is also a work Overlooking Leisure. Many Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty have been to Luoyang and Chang 'an because they were the cultural centers at that time, and some even lived in Beijing for many years. Just because they have lived in Beijing, they cannot be called Beijingers. The Collection of He Yueling's Photos is a collection of poems compiled by Fan Yin in the Tang Dynasty, which contains that Wang Changling was from Taiyuan, and The Biography of the Tang Dynasty also holds that Wang Changling was from Taiyuan.

His family is relatively poor. He was a scholar in the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan and was awarded the post of secretary of provincial studies. In the twenty-second year of Kaiyuan (734), Wang Changling chose erudite macro-words, which was superior to others, so he was appointed as the county commandant of surabaya county, and later moved to Jiangning.

In the autumn of the 25th year of Kaiyuan, he was found guilty and exiled to Lingnan.

In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling returned to the north and traveled to Xiangyang to meet the famous poet Meng Haoran. Meng Haoran suffered from gangrene and recovered quickly. They were very happy after meeting. Meng Haoran died because he drank too much and had a relapse. During this period, Wang Changling met Li Bai, a great poet, with the poem "Ba Ling Send Li Twelve". It is a great pleasure for Wang Changling to meet such first-class poets as Meng Haoran and Li Bai. Unfortunately, meeting Meng Haoran became a permanent tactic, and meeting Li Bai was all downhill. Li Baizheng was exiled to Yelang at that time.

In the winter of the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling left Beijing for Jiangning. At this time, he met the famous poet Cen Can. Cen Can has a poem "Send Wang Changling to Jiangning", and Wang Changling also has a poem to leave. When I passed by Luoyang, I also made friends with poets such as Qian and others, and they also had poems.

Gaoshi (700-765)

Poets in Tang Dynasty. The word duff. Cangzhou (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province) was born in Song Dynasty (now Shangqiu, Henan Province).

Gao Shi was a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, and was also called "Gao Cen" with Cen Can. The brushwork is vigorous and vigorous, full of the unique spirit of the times in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. I am lonely and poor, I love to make friends, I have the style of a ranger, and I have made contributions to my career. In his early years, he traveled to Chang 'an, and later to Jimen and Lulong, seeking ways to enter the body, all of which failed. Before and after this, he lived in the Song Dynasty and made friends with Li Bai and Du Fu. His poems are straightforward and not gorgeous, with seven-character songs as the most distinctive, and he writes more about frontier life, which is as famous as Cen Can, also known as "Gao Cen".

The new voice of pipa dance always closes the mountain. Snow-clean horses graze in the daytime, and Qiangdi guards the building in the moonlight.

I can't listen to endless worries, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall. Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight.

[Note] ① Guanshan: The music is Guan Shanyue. ② Plum Blossom: Music "Plum Blossom Fall"

① Fill in the blanks: According to the content, there are "Farewell Poem" and "Ode to Historical Poems" in Tang poetry, which belong to frontier poems. Both poems wrote music and moonlight to express the feelings of the border guards, which can be described as "lewdness".

① Short answer: Why do three or four sentences in Listen to the Flute in the Bunker have the characteristics of "semantic pun"?

A: 2 Literally, it seems to say that plum blossoms are in full bloom. In the wind, flowers scattered over the mountain overnight. In fact, "Plum Blossom Fall" is a flute song, and the wind blows the flute all over the mountain.

Li Bai of Yellow Crane Tower bid farewell to Meng Haoran on his way to Yangzhou.

Li Bai (70 1-762), Han nationality, Taibai, was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is bold and unconstrained, with rich imagination, natural and fluent language and harmonious and changeable melody. He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of positive romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. Also known as "Du Li" with Du Fu. Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He had the progressive ideal of "helping the poor" and "settling down in peace", and he struggled to realize this ideal all his life. A large number of his poems not only reflected the prosperity of that era, but also exposed and criticized the debauchery and corruption of the ruling group, showing the positive spirit of despising the powerful, resisting the traditional bondage and pursuing freedom and ideals. In art, his poems are novel in imagination, strong in emotion, magnificent in artistic conception and fresh and lively in language, forming a bold artistic style and reaching the peak of positive romantic poetry in ancient China. There are more than 900 poems, including Li Taibai's poems.

His poems are rich in imagination, unique in conception, magnificent and bold in style, and he is a representative figure of romantic poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers. My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.

The second ambassador of Paiyuan, Anxi Wangwei.

The rain in the early morning moistened the dust of the land, the inn of the inn, the branches and leaves of the inn, and a new leaf Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their relatives when they go out to the sun.

(1) These two poems are famous in the Tang Dynasty. From the content point of view, they all write farewell, and from the lyric technique point of view, Li's poems are indirect lyric (lyric by scenery, or lyric by scenery); Wang's poems are straightforward.

(2) Poets have different endowments and personalities, so do their emotional colors. Try to compare the different emotional colors of these two poems.

A: Li's poems are open-minded (broad-minded and optimistic), while Wang's poems are free and easy from sorrow (only accepting "sadness", "free and easy" and "sadness").

4. Seeing the West Park is worth the moon from midnight.

liu zongyuan

Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements in writing were greater than poems. There are nearly a hundred parallel essays, which are argumentative, sharp, sarcastic and spicy, full of fighting, and travel notes are written about mountains and rivers, which are mostly entrusted. Philosophical works include Tian Shuo, Shi Tian and Feudalism. Liu Zongyuan's works were preserved by Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty and compiled into collections. There is Liuhe East Collection.

Wake up in the middle of the night, hear the heavy dew, and open the door to face the garden in the west of Yuxi. A Leng Yue is rising in Dongling, and the crystal sound of the air is that the water is flowing against the sparse roots.

The farther away the spring is from the rock, the more you can feel the birds' calls. Birds on the mountain make amazing soul calls from time to time. I leaned against the pillar of my room until dawn, and I was very lonely. What else can I say?

[Note] This poem was written by Liu Zongyuan when he demoted Yongzhou. Xiyuan is located in the west of the author's residence in Yuxi, Yongzhou.

Please tell the role of the author in writing dew, moon, spring and birds in combination with the whole poem.

A: Create a sad and lonely artistic conception.

(2) What artistic techniques did the author use to write "Spring Ring" and "Birds Call"?

Answer: Write static with movement and contrast with contrast.

(3) What is the reason for the poet's loneliness? Please give a brief answer.

A: I live in a remote place, lonely and sad, and my feelings are not understood.

I thought of my brothers in Shandong when I was on holiday in the mountains.

Wang Wei

Wang Wei (699-759), a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was a famous official, originally from Qi (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province), moved to Yongji, Shanxi Province, believed in Buddhism, and lived in Lantian in his later years. He is good at drawing figures, bamboos and landscapes. There are two kinds of landscapes recorded by the Tang people: one is similar to Li's father and son, the other is painted by breaking ink, and the latter is his masterpiece. Unfortunately, no original works have been handed down from generation to generation. The Snow Stream Map and Jinan Mansion handed down to him are not original works. Su Shi commented that "there are paintings in poetry; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " He is a representative of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. Kaiyuan Jinshi He served as Da Lecheng and You Shiyi. When An Lushan rebelled, he was forced to assume a false post. He has made great achievements in poetry and painting. Su Dongpo praised him for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting", especially for his achievements in landscape poetry. Together with Meng Haoran, they are called "Wang Meng". In his later years, he was careless about his official career and devoted himself to being a Buddha. Later, he was called "Shi Fo".

I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays.

When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me.

1. The poetic language is simple and simple, but highly generalized. The first sentence uses the word "unique" and two words "different". What kind of emotion did the poet render?

A: Being in a foreign land, that strange and uncomfortable loneliness.

2. Some people commented that the whole poem was "unnatural in twists and turns". Please briefly explain your evaluation of this evaluation.

A: Two images, Chongyang Ascending and Cornus blocking, are selected from three or four sentences of A, and the lyric expression of a poem is profound and implicit. B was originally a poet who missed his brother, but he turned over the edge with the phrase "a distant bosom friend", which turned out to be an illusion. My brother who wrote about his hometown regretted the loss of the poet. The poet reflected the emotion of "I miss people" into the illusion of "people miss me". It seems that his situation of "being a stranger in a foreign land" is not worth telling, but the regret of "losing a brother" needs to be considered more. This is the unusual place of these two sentences, which makes the emotion more profound and endless.

6. Jiangcun village

Du Fu

Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), a native of Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province) and Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongxian County, Henan Province), is a Han nationality with beautiful words. He is the grandson of Du, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. In the fifth year of Tianbao (AD 746), he went to Chang 'an, and then went to the imperial examination. Due to Li's treachery to power, Du Fu and all the candidates fell behind, so he failed to become a scholar all his life. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang 'an, he called himself Shaoling's grandfather and was called Du Shaoling. Study and travel before the age of thirty-five. During the Tianbao period, he went to Chang 'an and had no way to join the army. After ten years of hardships, he won a small position in which you Wei led Cao to join the army. At the beginning of An Shi Rebellion, he was exiled and captured by the rebels. After getting out of danger, the official got a left pickup truck. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went west. Finally he went to Sichuan and settled in Chengdu. He once played Yuan Wailang in Jiannan Our Time Yanwu, so he was also named Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years and leaving the gorge. Wandering in Hubei and Hunan, he died of poverty and illness.

The clear river winds around the village, and everything in the village looks elegant in the long summer.

Swallows on the beam fly freely, and blind dates in the water are similar and accompanied.

The old lady draws paper for chess, and the young son knocks needles for hooks.

Many diseases only need drugs, what else can you ask for?

This poem was written at the same time as "The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind", but the two poems express different feelings. The environmental feature of "Jiangcun" written by the author is quiet, which can be seen from the first couplet; The second triple first describes the immediate scene, and then captures the pictures of two family lives, showing the poet's happy and leisurely mood when he got a temporary stable life after wandering yesterday. This poem is neat in antithesis and harmonious in tone. The outstanding features of the language are natural, fresh and simple.

② The phrase "medicine is the only need for many diseases" is also called "but an old friend provides rice" in some versions. Which do you think is better? Please briefly explain the reasons. (omitted)

7. The story of two springs in the mountain house (part two)

Cen Can

Cen Can (7 15—770) was born in Jiangling, Jingzhou (now Jiangling, Hubei). Born in a bureaucratic family, my great-grandfather, great-uncle and uncle are all officials of the prime minister. My father was also a secretary of state twice. But my father died young and my family fortune declined. I accepted my brother's books and read the history of classics since I was a child. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an to present a book for an official position. Later, I went north to Heshuo. At the age of 30, he was promoted to Jinshi, and Cao joined the army. For eight years, Tianbao served as the shogunate secretary of Gao Xianzhi, our ambassador to Anxi, and went to Anxi for ten years, then returned to Chang 'an. In thirteen years, he was appointed as Judge Feng Changqing, our time envoy of Northwest Hospital of An 'an, and went to the frontier again. After the Anshi Rebellion, he stayed in Germany for two years before returning to North Korea. Twice in the frontier for six years. His poem says, "Wan Li served the king with nothing to ask for. I also know that the border is bitter, and I am begging my wife. " ("Judge Yuwen on the first trip to Longshan Road") He also said: "Side by side, assist the curtain and take charge of the frontier. I have been waiting for a long time, so I also wear a short coat. I have been able to walk fast recently, and I am not calm. " (Dr. Feng Hou in the western suburb of Beiting surrendered and returned to the army.) It can be seen that his two trips to the fortress were quite ambitious. After he returned to Korea, Du Fu and others recommended him to fill the vacancy. Later, he was transferred to other official positions such as Scheeren, and in the first year of Dali, he went to the secretariat of history. After the break, the guests died in Chengdu Guest House.

There are crows flying in Liangyuan at dusk, and there are three or two families in the order.

I don't know how many people will go, but the old flowers will come in spring.

(1) This poem is a seven-character quatrain (or quatrain) in terms of genre, and its rhyme is ā.

(2) What are the three or four sentences written in? How is the expression effect?

A: Three or four sentences use the method of contrast to write sad feelings with happy scenes, which makes Liangyuan more depressed.

(3) What kind of emotion does this poem express?

A: This poem expresses the feeling that things are different and changeable.

28. Autumn Ci

Liu Yuxi

Liu Yuxi (772-842) was born in Lushan and Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) in his later years and descended from Xiongnu. Poet and philosopher in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. His family is a scholarly younger brother handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities.

There are more than 800 poems in existence. His poems study folk songs, reflect people's life and customs, have a wide range of themes, draw lessons from the characteristics of Bashu folk songs in style, and are simple and beautiful, fresh and natural, healthy and lively, and full of life interest. His satirical poems often use allegorical excuses to attack and suppress the innovative dignitaries in Yongzhen, which involves a wide range of social phenomena. In his later years, his style became more subtle, ironic and unobtrusive.

Since ancient times, I feel sad and lonely every autumn. I think autumn is more than spring.

There is no one in the clear sky in Wan Li, and a crane, Ling Yunfei, has aroused my meditation on the blue sky.

(1) What things (scenery) did the literati of past dynasties often use to express their "sadness about autumn"?

Answer: fallen leaves, sadness, rotten grass and dead wood.

(2) The author of this poem expressed his different attitudes towards autumn with the help of "Paiyunhe". Please write your brief understanding of the image of "crane" and the attitude towards life embodied in this poem. (About 50 words)

A: The "crane" in Liu Shishi's poems flies high in the clear autumn sky, with rows of clouds straight up, vigorous and fierce, reflecting a radical and optimistic attitude towards life.

8. Du Fu's two quatrains ②

The water waves in the river, the white feathers of waterfowl, the green and red flowers on the mountain are in contrast, and you want to burn.

This spring is coming to an end. When will I go home?

(1) The first sentence and the second sentence of this poem are all about scenery, and four colorful scenes are written. The main method is foil, and one of the words "desire" adopts anthropomorphic rhetoric, which gives flowers the characteristics of swaying and dynamic.

(2) This poem was written by the poet after he entered Shu to express his feelings of living in a foreign land. What artistic techniques are used in this poem and what thoughts and feelings are expressed?

A: This poem uses the techniques of "happy scenery" and "sad feelings". Facing the picturesque scene, the author evokes the sadness of wandering, and the last sentence reveals the ardent homesickness.