Topic: My brother is remembered on a moonlit night.
Author: Du Fu
Genre: Poetry
Metric system: five-character rhyme
Original text:
Keep drums, break pedestrians, and sing geese in autumn. He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! .
Brothers are scattered, and no one can ask about life and death. ⑥ The delivery time is long. ⑥ What can we expect in wartime if we can't reach 8? .
Translation:
The drums of the garrison building are louder, and there are no traces of pedestrians on the road. The border town is deserted, the autumn wind is cool, and only the lonely geese moan. The frost and dew are particularly white tonight, and the moon is still bright in my hometown. When brothers are separated, the family is ruined. Where can I find the news of life and death? Letters have not arrived for a long time, and the war has not stopped.
Precautions:
1. My brother: Address your brother to others.
2. Shout drums: Shout drums upstairs. Cut off pedestrians: pedestrians are forbidden at night during wartime, which is called "martial law" for later generations.
3. Breaking people away: refers to the curfew after the drum sounds.
4. Autumn edge: an "autumn edge", an autumn edge.
He knows that the dew will be frost tonight: it refers to the night in Bailu Street.
6. Ah, my brothers, lost and scattered, there is nowhere to ask about life and death: brothers are scattered, their homes are gone, and the news of life and death is unknown.
7. Dragon: All the time.
8. David Attenborough: Yes.
The situation is: besides, there is no truce: the war is not over yet.
Famous sentence: He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is so bright! .
Background: Du Fu wrote it in Zhou Qin in 759. At that time, the poet was demoted to Huazhou to join the army. Due to the severe drought and famine in Guanzhong, he gave up his post and went to Qin Zhou. Separated from my brother in the chaotic war. The poet wrote this poem with strong sadness and yearning.
About the author:
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the late Tang Dynasty and was known as the "poet saint". Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
Appreciate:
Enjoy 1
This poem was written by Du Fu in Qin Zhou in the autumn of the second year of Gan Yuan (759). In September this year, Shi Siming led the troops south from Fan Yang, captured Bianzhou and moved west to Luoyang. Shandong and Henan are at war. At that time, Du Fu's younger brothers were scattered in this area, and because of the war, there was no communication, which made him feel intense anxiety and yearning. Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night is a true record of his thoughts and feelings at that time. Homesickness for relatives and friends is a common theme in classical poetry. In order to avoid mediocrity and originality, it is not enough to rely solely on the author's life experience, but also to be ingenious in expression. It is in dealing with this common theme that Du Fu reveals his true colors.
Poetry is abrupt and uneven. The title is Moonlit Night, but the author did not start from the moonlit night, but first described a picture of Autumn in Frontier fortress: "Wanderers smell drums to herald battles, and geese sing autumn colors." Write down what you see when the road is broken; Look at the drums and geese, and write down what you hear. It's sad to see and hear. The heavy and monotonous drums and the lonely geese on the horizon not only did not bring a trace of vitality, but made the already desolate frontier fortress more desolate and silent. Broken Pedestrian points out the social environment, which shows that wars are frequent and fierce, and roads are impassable. The two poems render a strong and sad atmosphere, which is the background of Moonlit Night.
Parallel connection point. "He knows the dew will be frost tonight" not only describes the scenery, but also points out the season. It was on the night of the Millennium Festival. It's clear and full of dew, which makes people feel chilly. "The moonlight at home is how bright!" It is also a landscape painting, but it is slightly different from the previous sentence. What the author writes is not completely objective, but incorporates his own subjective feelings. It makes no difference that there is a bright moon in the world. Determined to say that the moon in my hometown is the brightest; It's obviously my own psychological illusion, so I have to be so sure, no doubt. However, this fantasy-based approach will not make people feel unreasonable, because it profoundly shows the author's subtle psychology and highlights his feelings for his hometown. These two sentences are also very skillful in refining sentences. All they want to say is "tonight is white" and "the moon in my hometown". Only by changing the word order, the tone is particularly vigorous and powerful. So Wang Dechen said: "Zi Mei is good at using things and common language. If she is isolated or inverted, her language will be healthy and firm, and her meaning will be profound and stable." ("Bird History") From here, we can also see Du Fu's ability to turn the tablet into magic.
The above four sentences are written casually, which seems to have nothing to do with missing my brother, but they are not. Not only writing "Looking Back at the Moon", but also listening to drums, geese and cold dew make the author feel sad and nostalgic. In fact, I remember every word of my brother, and every word is affectionate.
Poetry has a natural transition from full moon to lyricism. Moonlight often makes people daydream, and it is easier to evoke homesickness. In today's chaotic poet, on this cold moonlit night, naturally, he has a special taste. Where will you go? Anxiety is mixed with melancholy, and the tone is particularly painful. "Oh, my brothers, lost and scattered, what is my life without you?" The last sentence said that the two brothers are separated and live far apart; The next sentence says that there is no home, life and death are unpredictable, and it is heartbreaking to read. These two poems also summarize the common experiences of people in the An Shi Rebellion.
"However, what can I expect in wartime if there is something wrong with the letters in peacetime?" Close to five or six sentences to further express inner worries. Relatives are scattered everywhere, but they often don't send books at ordinary times, not to mention frequent wars and unpredictable life and death. Implication, infinite affection. After reading this poem, we can easily understand why Du Fu was able to write such a poem as "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold" ("Spring Hope"). A profound life experience is the deepest source of artistic creation.
The whole poem is well organized, coordinated from beginning to end, with distinct levels and rigorous structure. If you don't fight, you will have, if you don't go, you will remember your brother when you look at the moon, if you are homeless, you will not be able to deliver books, and if you leave, your life and death will be unknown.
During the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu was displaced from place to place, suffering hardships and worrying about the country and the people, which was really filled with emotion. As long as you touch it gently, many things will flow out from the bottom of the pen together, so the common theme of homesickness is written out by sadness and frustration. (Zhang)
Appreciate II
Du Fu has four younger brothers. When he came to Zhou Qin in 759 AD, only Du Zhan, the youngest, traveled with him, and the other three younger brothers, Du Ying, Du Guan and Du Feng, lived in Shandong, Henan. This poem is to express the thoughts of three absent brothers.
The whole poem can be divided into two paragraphs. The first four sentences are the first paragraph, which is closely related to Moonlit Night. On the surface, it describes the scenery, but in fact, the feelings of "remembering my brother" are revealed between the lines. "A Wanderer Hear Drums that Predict Fighting" truly depicts the scene of a border town threatened by war, and the war atmosphere set off by this sentence is also one of the reasons why the poet deeply missed his brother at that time. In terms of composition, this sentence is similar to the following "Ah, my brothers, lost and scattered" and "What can I hope during the war?" Taking care of each other also makes the whole poem clear.
The sound of autumn geese was written in the sky from the ground of the previous sentence. Frontier, autumn and the sound of wild geese are all the reasons why people miss their loved ones twice. The word "the sound of geese" also reminds people of the allusion that the ancients called their brothers "flying geese". These two sentences are written from the auditory aspect, and the last two sentences are written from the visual aspect, which can be described as vivid and colorful. "He knows that the dew tonight will be frost" means that Lou looks particularly pale from tonight. In the eyes of poets who miss their younger brother, night after night, Bai Rushuang dew is particularly pale tonight. The moon is the same everywhere, but it is the brightest in my hometown. With the rhetorical device of "empathy", these two poems incorporate strong subjective feelings into the description of natural scenery, which are the true feelings of the poets who deeply miss their relatives in their hometown and are famous sentences that have been sung through the ages.
The last four sentences are the second paragraph, which directly expresses the nostalgia for the younger brothers. "Ah, my brothers are lost and scattered", so that there is no one in my hometown, and because of "homelessness", I want to write to inquire about the "life and death" of my scattered brothers, but there is no way. However, if the peacetime letter goes wrong, "what is my life without you?" And "What can I hope during the war?" It is further claimed that this is still the case at ordinary times, let alone when the war is endless! These four sentences are layered on top of each other, and they can be said to be done in one go.
Appreciation 3
The first sentence of this poem, "A wanderer listens to the drums to herald a war", points out the heavily guarded and deserted appearance of "late at night" and "wartime" at the beginning. "Autumn" and "the sound of geese" in the second sentence further illustrate the season and place where he misses his brothers and sisters. It was autumn, flowers and trees began to wither, I was at the border, and the sad cry of lonely geese made people feel empty and lonely.
The sentence "He knows the dew will frost tonight" describes the solar terms at that time, and the Millennium can echo the bright moon in the next sentence, so that we can feel the deserted appearance at that time from the color of "white". In the last four sentences, Du Fu is describing his feelings of missing his brother. Because of the war, he and his brothers were scattered in different places; The "homeless" in the sixth sentence is even more sad, because he was not only separated from his relatives, but even his hometown was destroyed by the war. In the last two sentences, he described the feeling that he didn't receive a letter from home because of the war and was very worried about everyone's safety. Especially the word "no truce" in the eighth sentence can echo the first sentence, and the whole poem is very complete in emotional expression.
Notes on Tang poetry:
Liang Qichao once wrote in the article Du Fu, the Lover of Love: "I think the Ministry of Industry can at least bear the emblem of his lover, because his emotional content is extremely rich, very real and profound. His expression method is extremely skillful, and he can whip to the depths, embody all his appearances, and hit others' heartstrings like electricity. No one in China's literary world can match the lover's hand, so I call him the lover's hand. From this perspective, Du Fu is not wrong. He is affectionate, but his feelings are extremely profound and profound, which is the humanitarian spirit of "people love things". Therefore, it makes sense that his poems can be written well and as shocking as electricity. And this song "Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night" touches and impacts people, as mentioned above.
Make an appreciative comment
"When will the bright moon come?" It is one of Su Shi's representative works, which is highly respected and loved by later generations. This is a unique and famous poem handed down from generation to generation. 1076, Su Shi was demoted to Mizhou as an official. At the age of 4 1, he was politically frustrated. It was Mid-Autumn Festival, and he missed his brother very much. He was depressed and wrote this word. Its conception, conception, strangeness and wonder show very realistic and concrete humanity with surreal vision and illusory fantasy world. Here, the poet expresses his own ideological contradictions and twists and turns, life experiences and feelings through his imagination of the Moon Palace Wonderland and in a mysterious exploration and thinking. This kind of performance is not only extraordinary, but also constitutes the romantic tone and super spacious and elegant style of this article.
When will there be a bright moon at the beginning of the last movie? Ask heaven for wine. "These two sentences are from Li Bai's Drinking asking for the moon." When is there a month in the sky? "I'm going to stop for a drink today and ask." It is caused by chemicals. Raise a glass and ask if the sky and the moon are sky? This sentence fully reveals the author's frank temperament, but it also hides his inner regret and sadness about life. The next two sentences: "I don't know what year it is tonight" are the content of the question, which further promotes the praise and yearning for the bright moon. It has been many years since the birth of the bright moon. I don't know what day it is tonight at the Moon Palace. The poet imagined that it must be a good day, which is why the moon is so round and bright. He wanted to see it very much, so he went on to say, "I want to go home in the wind, but I'm afraid of beautiful buildings, and it's too cold up there." He wants to take the wind back to the Moon Palace, but he is afraid of the desolation there and can't stand the cold there. What a strange imagination, here he expressed the poet's ambivalence of "being born" and "joining the WTO". Going home with the wind shows the poet's dissatisfaction with the world. The word "going home" has the flavor of fairy self-metaphor, as if he had lived in the moon palace, but only temporarily lived on earth. A "desire" and a "fear" reveal the poet's ideological contradiction. It is really a "strange pen". "Dancing in the clear shadow, why is it like being on earth?" Closely connected with the world, lyricists dance in the moonlight, and shadows dance with people. Although there are beautiful buildings in the sky, it is difficult to compare with the happiness on earth. Here, from dust to sacredness, I suddenly turned to like human life, with ups and downs and superb writing.
At first, the poet fantasized about fairyland and wanted to go to the Moon Palace to get rid of the world that once troubled him infinitely. But after all, the poet is realistic and loves life, so he personally erased this nihilistic painting scene.
The next movie is related to the parting world of the Mid-Autumn Festival full moon. "Turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, sleepless." Turning and pointing down the movement of the moon implies that the night is already deep. The moonlight turned to the scarlet pavilion, and through the carved doors and windows, I found the insomniacs in the room in a low voice. "Can't sleep" means that people like themselves feel sad because they can't reunite with their relatives, so they can't sleep. What a pity! A full moon person can't! So the poet complained about the moon and said, "There should be no hatred. Why should we make up? " You shouldn't have any resentment against the bright moon. Why are people round when they leave? This is blaming the bright moon for deliberately embarrassing people and adding chaos to them, but it also implicitly expresses sympathy for those who are unfortunately separated. The poet's thought is open-minded and he needs self-liberation, so he vented his homesickness in a questioning tone. Then, the poet turned his pen and said some comforting words to excuse the bright moon: "people have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs." This matter is ancient and difficult. " There are always joys and sorrows in the world, just like the moon in the sky is cloudy, sunny, round and lacking, which is difficult to be comprehensive and complete from ancient times to now. This sentence reveals the poet's free and easy character of understanding life, and it is also a helpless sigh for life. Here, from life to nature, all kinds of life have been refined and summarized, including countless painful and happy life experiences. The last sentence "I wish you a long time and a thousand miles together." I only hope that people can always be healthy and safe, and even if they are thousands of miles apart, they can enjoy the bright moon in the sky together on the Mid-Autumn Festival night. Here is the memory of distant relatives, but also a blessing.
The whole poem is full of emotional indulgence, ups and downs, rigorous structure, clear context and blending of scenes. It closely revolves around the word "moon", ups and downs, a moment out of the dust, a moment into the WTO, concise and natural sentences, showing the poet's superb language ability and romantic and free and easy style.
The song "Water Turn Around" has always been highly praised by people. Hu Zai said in Tiaoxi Fishing and Conceiving Conghua: "The Mid-Autumn Festival words have been abandoned since Dongpo's Shuidiao Getou came out." It is not an exaggeration to say that this is the best word to write Mid-Autumn Festival. This word seems to be a dialogue with the bright moon, in which the meaning of life is discussed. It is both rational and interesting, and it is very intriguing. Its artistic conception is broad, its mind is optimistic and broad-minded, its yearning for the bright moon, its attachment to the world, its romantic color, unique style and flowing language can still give us a good enjoyment.
"When there is a bright moon, ask heaven for wine", the moon is one of the important archetypes of ancient culture in China, and the ballads of ancient poets in China are also unparalleled in quantity. However, between heaven and earth, it is always "stormy and crowing everywhere", and it is hard to find the harmonious beauty that can really make viewers feel the blend of life and nature. Just like a beautiful dream. Su Shi said in another poem, "Don't drink when you meet flowers." Isn't the moon just a rock flower hanging high in the sky? According to relevant ancient books, Dongpo is not a person who can drink a lot, but he likes drinking with others, especially watching others drink. The happiness of others is also his happiness. He has an open mind and a clear disposition. In the dream, he was between drunk and awake. He is neither as independent as Qu Yuan nor as some literati. He is himself, and nothing is closer to himself than himself. "Ask the sky", Li Bai said at the top of Emei Mountain: "I can't wait to ask the sky with Xie Tiao's amazing poems!" Qu Yuan's "Ask Heaven" is a work full of fantasy, with more than 100 questions. The word Dongpo also aroused his doubts about the sky.
"I don't know the palace in the sky. What year is this evening? " "What year is it today" in The Book of Songs is also called "What night is it today". One of Liu Xiang's Shuo Yuan is Ren Yue Ge, which was written in Vietnamese and translated into the official script prevailing at that time. The last sentence is "I don't know what day it is". The difference is that in The Book of Songs and Song of E-Jun, I feel puzzled about my own experience, as if I have forgotten myself, and I don't know if this night is that night. In Dongpo's ci, there is a suspicion of heaven. In ancient times, there was a saying that "one day in the sky, one year on earth". So Dongpo thinks that there must be different ways to calculate time between heaven and earth. Time on earth is like a blink of an eye, but it is slow in the sky. There is a helpless sadness about the natural phenomenon that time makes people old.
"I want to go home by the wind, but I am afraid of Qionglou Yuyu. It is too cold at the top." This sentence is a natural transformation of the above sadness. Because I am helpless about the time in the world, I want to "go home by the wind." The word "Hui" is used here, which is very meaningful. Li Bai was hailed as "fallen immortal", and Dongpo also claimed to be "fallen immortal". He went to the sky, not with a ponytail, but back to where he came from. However, in his reverie, he gradually developed new worries. "It's too cold up there" is to worry that you can't stand the pure cold any more. Li Shangyin's poem "Su E, a young woman, is hardy, fighting in the frost in the middle of the moon" and "Chanjuan" is "beautiful in appearance". Su E, a young woman, can stand the cold, so she can have a mid-month frost contest to see who is better. But what about poets? Obviously, he can't stand it. His heaven is on earth. Here, Su Shi gave the word a very rich meaning. He is a little tired of the world he lives in. He is eager to rise to a purer height, but he can't stand the cold. This is how he is in a contradictory position. On the other hand, Qionglou Yuyu seems to be unable to stand being aloof from the cold, but the author really cares about himself. It is the author's guess that dancing to find the shadow is like being on earth. Du Fu's poem "Gui is in the middle of the moon, but it should be clear". Osmanthus fragrans leaves a shadow in the moon, but it is so sweet that there should be clearer light. According to the ancient legend that Heng E flew to the moon, WU GANG sat there in the middle of the month. So Mao Zedong has "Yu Meiren", "Wugang holds osmanthus wine, and lonely Chang 'e relaxes her sleeves" and so on.
Go to the next movie. "Turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, sleepless." Describe the movement of the moon with three verbs. The moon rises, revolves around Zhuge and slowly descends. The moonlight extends into the window and shines on people who can't sleep in bed. There are two explanations for "not sleeping". The moonlight shines on people, but people are still in a sleepless state. Or maybe the moonlight shines on the bed, only to find that no one is sleeping here. Where is that man? Li Bai's poem "The foot of the bed is bright, is there a first frost?" It's about people sleeping in bed; Another song, "But water is clean and cheap. Look at the glory of the autumn moon through its crystal glass?" , tells the story of people not lying in bed, but sitting in front of the window silently looking at the moon. The poet personified the moon here. It seems that the moon is also a friend with his "heart".
"There should be no hate. Why does it take so long to say goodbye?" The common version of "what" is often used as "when", and there are two words of "when" in a sentence, which is inappropriate and unreasonable. Because it has regarded the moon as a friend, it is necessary to have a heart-to-heart talk with her and express the most cordial greetings to her. Moon, do you still have the same jealousy as us small and poor humans, a creature that can overcome the cold at heights? No, you are perfect, and there should be no resentment; But why do people always get together when they leave? People can't be reunited when they are reunited. Is it incomplete when they leave? Why do you always disagree with us? Can't the sadness of our human parting win your pity at all?
From "Asking for Wine from Heaven" in the last movie to "Asking for Wine from the Moon" here, the poet's feelings have changed greatly, and he gradually realized something. In other words, he heard voices from the sky. "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. This matter is ancient and difficult. " This sentence can be regarded as the author's understanding and the moon's answer: the moon is not perfect, and she also has her own innate sadness. Like everyone else, she has ups and downs. The world itself is not perfect, everything is in its own inherent shortcomings. Knowing this, what's the point of complaining again?
Finally, "May people stay together for a long time", which means "There is a bright moon thousands of miles away". This ending is naturally reached, and the author will naturally reach this height in the end. But this height is not cold, it is still achieved by ordinary people through hard work. Su Shi's ideological realm is not as lofty as Zhu's Neo-Confucianism. He is more human, and his broad-mindedness is a state of mind in life. He is in this world and in his own life. This is the reason why this word is widely circulated and popular. We don't regard Su Shi as an idol. We regard him as our friend. Indeed, among China literati, you can't find anyone more suitable to be friends.
Next, we need to make an overall evaluation of this word. The value of this word in the history of Ci can be compared with that of Su Shi's thousands of feet and Fu Bi in the history of prose, and these two works have inherent commonalities. "Red Cliff Fu" said: "The breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are inexhaustible, which are the infinite hidden things of creation." The breeze and the bright moon, "What you hear is sound, what you see is color", when we enjoy these rich gifts from nature, we should feel happy, be grateful for nature, life and the symbiosis between life and nature. We are not only friends of nature, but also friends of the breeze and bright moon. We are your first and last friends. Christ said, "Love your neighbor." Who is closer to himself than himself? Christ also said, "Love your enemies." Who can be your enemy more than yourself? You are your neighbor and your enemy. The greatest victory in life is to conquer yourself. Therefore, Christ said "love yourself". How can a person who doesn't even love himself love others?
Confucius said, "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you." Mencius said, "The old are old, the young are young, and the young are young." Push yourself, stand up for yourself, reach out for others, reach out for others. The ancient people's idea of "ruling the country and calming the world" should also start with self-cultivation. Man must first be his friend, not his dictator or tyrant. Let's go back to Su Shi's first poem. In this poem, Su Shi finally achieved some fascinating inner harmony, not only with nature, but also with his younger brother living in a different place. But the most important thing is his own harmony. He no longer wants to go home with the wind, and he is no longer afraid of the cold at high places. He stands on the earth, above him, is an infinite blue sky and high sky.