learning target

1. Grasp the structure of the whole text and fully understand the content of the text.

2, appreciate the characteristics of the argument, the language is sharp and humorous.

learning method

1, taste the key sentences. Experience the sharp and humorous features of prose language;

2. Understand the profound meaning of the full text, and be able to talk about the enlightenment you get;

3, contact with reality, broaden the thinking space, objectively comment on some cultural phenomena in today's society.

Knowledge link

1, approach the author

Resume: Lu Xun (188 1? 1936), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. 1898 left his hometown and was admitted to Nanjing Jiangnan Naval Academy; Later, he transferred to the Mine Road School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School. 1902 after graduation, he was selected to study in Japan, first studying medicine, and then abandoning medicine to join literature in order to change the national spirit. 65438+March 0930? Left League? When founded, he was recommended as a member of the Standing Committee and became the leader of the left-wing cultural movement under the leadership of China.

Achievements: novels, vagrancy, new stories, essays, flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening, essays, graves, two-hearted essays, South-to-North Mobilization, and essays on cutting pavilions, etc.

Evaluation: China was a great writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern times.

Step 2 explore the background

This article was written on June 4th, 1934. It was first published in Trend, a supplement of China Daily on June 7th, signed by Huo Chong, and later edited by the author into Essays on Street Pavilion.

This article was written in the era of the great disaster of the Chinese nation. After Japanese imperialism occupied the three northeastern provinces of China, it attempted to further occupy North China. The Chinese nation is facing a serious crisis, and the reactionary Kuomintang government stubbornly pursues it? Settle down when you are busy? China's traitorous counter-revolutionary policy, betraying the country's territory and engaging in counter-revolutionary military activities at home? Encirclement? And culture? Encirclement? . Some bourgeois comprador literati are willing to do it? Foreign slaves? , strongly advocate? Completely westernized? , completely deny the cultural tradition of our country, in order to fight against the revolutionary culture. Some comrades in the revolutionary camp have all kinds of wrong ideas and concepts on how to treat cultural heritage. In order to expose and attack the enemy and clarify the understanding, Mr. Lu Xun wrote this article "Takeism", which expounded the principles and methods of Marxist critical inheritance of cultural heritage and put forward the implementation? Nazism? This idea.

3、? Street pavilion? The origin of this word

For a time, Mr. Lu Xun lived in Shanghai Zhabei imperialist cross-border road construction area, where there was? Half-concession? Known as. Mr. Lu Xun has a strong sense of national pride and hates imperialism very much. That's why? Concession? Half a word, okay? J.J.? , to show indignation. ? And introduce the pavilion? The article points out that these essays were written in the pavilion of Shanghai's semi-concession, which vividly satirized the dark reality of semi-colonialism and semi-feudalism under Kuomintang rule.

learning process

First, self-study the text and master the basic knowledge (A level)

Athena Chu 1:

Claiming () leftovers () cold dishes () such as () giving () reciprocity ()

Brain marrow () loses its reason () bounces back into () dross () drowsiness () grandiosity ()

Mean () quintessence of Chinese culture () wandering in the toilet () kowtowing () mystifying ()

Walking in the sky () Building from a strategic height ()

Step 2 correct other words

Distinguish () Residual Cold Moxibustion () Ritual () Laughing and Scolding () Current Disadvantages of Acupuncture ()

Self-indulgence () trapped in a well () accumulated weight is hard to return () reckless () ancestors' yin work ()

Second, the text query (browse 1? Paragraph 7)

1. What is the main discussion in the first half of the text? And then what? Nazism? What does it matter?

2. Text 1? In the fourth paragraph, in what ways is the author right? Send away doctrine? Criticism?

3. criticism? Send away doctrine? Before, why say it first? Closed-doorism? Try to talk about the relationship between them backstage.

4. Is that right? Send away doctrine? The author made a bitter irony, read the text, find out these sentences, combine the context, contact the historical background, and try to figure out their emotional color.

5. Is the author proposing marriage? Nazism? Before, it was mentioned? Throw it away? Throw it to? Send? Try to understand the meaning of these concepts in context.

6. What does the author advocate? Nazism? What does the content mean? So use your head and open your eyes to get it yourself? What role does this sentence play in the text and how to understand it?

Consolidation exercise

First, the basic knowledge

1, and the following group with complete and correct phonetic notation is ()

First, praise (xǔ) incisive (P? ) stingy (s? ) crimson (y and n)

B, kowtow (kē) whistling (zh? ) Jin Jin (Bi? ) Shantou (c? n)

C, national quintessence (cu? ) cold (zh? ) cover up (b? ) So (Xu? n)

D, brain marrow (suǐ) crown (Gu? N) for example (p? ) to (jǐ)

2. Among the following groups of words, the group without typos is ()

A, antiques linger, festivals are parallel.

B, modern carry forward the national glory, stick to the rules.

C, defense, humiliation, identity, kowtow and congratulations

D, go on the rampage, comfort is no exception.

3. Add some idioms to the following sentences. The correct one is ()

A. Husband and wife understand and support each other at work and take care of each other in life. They are really a loving, harmonious and polite couple.

B, Mr. Zhang teaches well, often mystifying in class, enlightening students and achieving the effect of explaining things in simple terms.

In the most difficult time, this mother always eats the leftovers of her children.

D. If governance is not stepped up, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, which benefits the people, may become a sewage network running through the north and south, and become a ridiculous inferior project.

Second, the foundation is consolidated.

1 and quotation marks have four main uses: a. reference; B. emphasize; C. irony or denial; D. specific title. Fill in the following sentences in turn. What kind do they belong to?

(1) There are several masters holding some old and new paintings and hanging them all the way in Europe. What are their names? Carry forward Guoguang?

(2) I heard that Dr. Mei Lanfang will be sent to the Soviet Union for further study in the near future? Symbolism? Afterwards, I went to Europe to preach.

(3) Don't misunderstand this kind of reward? Throw it away? What is this thing? Throw it to? Yes

2. Is that right? How much more? Master? How many old and new paintings is the child holding? Keep? The most correct understanding of this word is ()

A. cautious attitude, performance? Master? Children love Chinese painting.

B. solemn and pious behavior, performance? Master? Children's pride in Chinese painting.

C. terrible appearance and performance? Master? A child's obsequious slave face.

D. a solemn expression and performance? Master? Good cultivation of children.

3. Right? So kowtow to congratulate each other and ask for some leftovers as a reward? Understand correctly is ().

A. the discussion of images does not belong to the category of metaphor.

B using metaphor to describe the misery and pity of the conquered people does not constitute a metaphorical argument.

C. use metaphors to illustrate the misery and pity of being the conquered.

D. There are both metaphorical arguments and metaphorical elements, which belong to metaphorical argument.

4. The reasoning method used in the third paragraph is mainly ()

A, figurative argument B, analogical argument C, comparative argument D, causal argument

5. Paragraph 5 serves as a link between the past and the future in the context, and its reason is ().

A. has the previous article been exposed? Throw it to? Essence and consequences, the next paragraph reveals the secret? Send? The concrete practice of socialism.

B.has the previous article been exposed? Send away doctrine? The essence and consequences are exposed again after a period of time? Send away doctrine? Hazard exposure? Nazism? The necessity of.

C. Has the previous article been exposed? Send away doctrine? Did the essence and consequences come up later? Nazism? .

D. previous analysis? Throw it away? With what? Throw it to? Difference, later advocated? Nazism? .

6. The five paragraphs in paragraphs 3-7 are mainly demonstrated by the following methods.

A. Comparative argument B. Analogy argument C. Causality argument D. Example argument

Further reading

1, about essays

Essays are a kind of literary genre, which are generally expressed by discussion. It is short and pithy, lively, sharp and meaningful, with a wide range of contents and various forms. All distractions, ramblings, essays, short comments and notes about social life, events, daily work and study can be classified as prose.

2. What are the characteristics of Lu Xun's essays embodied in "takenism"?

Laizaiism is an essay that can reflect the characteristics of Lu Xun. Mr. Lu Xun's essays have a very high position in the history of modern literature in China, just as Mr. Qu Qiubai wrote in Selected Works of Lu Xun's Miscellaneous Feelings? As the preface says:? Reflection? May 4th Movement? History of ideological struggle in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China. ? It is an encyclopedia of China society in the 1920s and 1930s. Essays account for a large proportion in Lu Xun's works, and there are about 17 books, namely: Grave, Hot Wind, Gai Hua Collection, Gai Hua Sequel, Ji You Collection, Three Idle Collections, Two Hearts Collection, Mobilization from South to North, Pseudo-Free Book and Quasi-Free Book. These works make prose get rid of the subordinate position of previous prose and become an independent style. Lu Xun's essays have obvious stylistic features, that is, sharp, cold and humorous, and attach great importance to the use of images and irony.

Its sharpness lies in the fact that one blow will kill, and the expression is concise and not sloppy. Its cold, overwhelming the enemy's flame with extreme contempt, putting straight books, love and hate are clear. His humor, however, embarrassed the enemy by laughing and scolding, and was full of ridicule and humor. Its image is typical, detailed, legendary and metaphorical. Its satire uses satire, whimsy, contrast, clever metaphor and exaggeration. It should be said that these characteristics are reflected in "takenism" to varying degrees.

Second lesson

learning target

1. Grasp the structure of the whole text and fully understand the content of the text.

2, appreciate the characteristics of the argument, the language is sharp and humorous.

learning process

First, the text query (browse 8? 10 paragraph)

1, in order to explain the idea of "takenism", the author takes? Big house? Metaphor of cultural heritage, and point out how to treat this? Big house? Three possible attitudes, namely? Shantou? Type? Idiot? Type? Waste? Type. Try to understand the meaning of these words in context.

2. In paragraph 9, the author proposes that? Nazism? The practice is to absorb the essence and eliminate the dross. Or metaphorical argument, which images contain the author's subtle observation and ponder? Please point out the meaning of these metaphors.

3. Read paragraph 10 and complete the following four questions.

1 try to figure out? Use? Shop? Destroy? Correspondence with the above.

②? Did you bring it? What qualities should a learner have?

③ Fill in the blanks:? Without it, you can't be a newcomer. Without it, literature and art can't become new literature and art? . Namely. Did you bring it? The purpose of is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (only two words are allowed).

Please summarize this paragraph in one sentence.

Second, the context is combed.

Use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Deposit _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Destroy _ _ _ _ _

Third, open platform.

What was Lu Xun's identification of foreign cultural heritage at that time? Did you bring it? The attitude of the times has developed to this day. Outside? Our world is beautiful: exciting high technology, dazzling cultural life and colorful material world. Do we want these? Did you bring it? And then what? What should I bring? (nudge: for example, analyze it. )

Fourth, artistic exploration.

? Critically inherit cultural heritage? This is a big problem. Mr. Lu Xun explained it clearly and thoroughly in short words. Why? (cuddle: summarize the characteristics of writing. )

Consolidation exercise

1. Read the knowledge of "extended reading" carefully and analyze the following arguments by causal analysis.

If you think from another angle, you will gain something (argument).

Trust everyone, right? Cowboy king? Levi's is no stranger, and he knows a thing or two about his rise: at first, he wanted to go to the west for gold, and in the process, he encountered the same difficulties as all other gold diggers. Faced with the obstacles that the river blocked the gold digger's westward journey, he thought of ferrying money for the gold digger; Facing the plight of water shortage in the west, he thought of selling water to gold diggers to make money; Faced with the reality that the trousers of gold diggers in the west are easy to wear out, he thought of making trousers out of broken tents and buying them for gold diggers to make money. Later, he also invented the world's first pair of jeans and earned the first bucket of gold in his life. (argument)

(analysis)

2. with what? Is it enough to know after learning? Draw inferences from others and write the beginning of the article.

3. Use metaphors to supplement the following paragraphs.

Learning can enrich our knowledge, broaden our horizons and make us realize our own shortcomings, so as to learn more modestly.

Several demonstration methods of expanding reading

① Analogical argument

Analogy is an argument method that compares two identical or similar things together and draws relevant conclusions.

The analogy method is general formula A, because B has C; D, because b has c; E, because b has c; ┅┅ Now, G has B, and G has C.

Examples of analogy are:? Confidence is meaningful only if it is linked with our own actions. We will never short people who have confidence. China has a word? Three monks have no water to drink? , spoke a blindly dependent attitude towards life. It reminds us of such a person: he is also concerned about the country and the people and wants to contribute his own strength; But seeing others waiting, I was discouraged. He said to himself:? what am I supposed to do？ This is not something that a person can accomplish; But unlike them, I'm ready. ? So he went to a balance, one end was the cause he wanted to join and fight for, and the other end was waiting. He shook his head helplessly and put the chips on the waiting plate. But he didn't think of it, and then what? Dangdang? The sound of a chip falling on the plate also caused a disappointing resonance in a person's heart. Such a vicious circle can only make the upturned end hang in irrelevant air forever. ?

? Three monks have no water to drink? It is a generalization of social phenomenon. It is more appropriate to use this social phenomenon as an analogy to describe those who have confidence but don't want to put it into practice. They also want to do things, but they just don't want to do them on the spot. What's the difference between this and those monks who want to rely on others? By analogy, people can see the problem more thoroughly and draw more conclusive conclusions.

Remind arguments can be at the beginning of a section or at the end of a section, paying attention to the echo of the head and the tail. When comparing, we should highlight the similarities of the core.

② Causal argument

Causality argument is an argument method to infer conclusions from arguments with causality or reasons from results.

Causal argument method general formula a? b？ c？ D┅┅？ g .

Examples of causal argument are as follows: The reason why argument is very attractive to many people is because: First, the purpose of argument is to explore the truth, so anyone who cares about the right or wrong of things must attach importance to the role of argument; Second, debate is the peak of eloquence, which requires the speaker to be resourceful, witty and sensitive, and to cope with the changing situation, which is a contest of human wisdom; Therefore, we can say that debate is a comprehensive competition of human talents. Why is the debate so attractive to many people? The three functions of argument are listed above, all of which appear as antecedents. Since there are so many antecedents, what is the result? Debate has a strong appeal to many people? The right to use is beyond doubt.

As a reminder, causal argument is not a simple sentence or two. From the cause to the result, the argument is effective; From the cause to the result, the argument lies in the cause.

③ Metaphorical argument

Metaphor is an argument method that uses metaphor to demonstrate truth. It is a correct way to prove your point of view by metaphor, which is called metaphorical argument. Metaphorical argumentation can make clear the unfamiliar, abstract and incomprehensible, especially the profound truth, thus giving people a concrete image and an easy-to-understand feeling.

What are the general viewpoints and proof methods of metaphor? Build a metaphor? Explain with metaphor analysis? Draw a general conclusion to confirm this view.

Example of metaphor: There is an excellent composition "Opportunity" in the college entrance examination, which reads: Some successes often seem to be achieved overnight, with a certain degree? Opportunity? Actually, it didn't happen overnight. It is like a seed, deeply buried in the soil, constantly absorbing nutrients and water, suffering from cold and drought, and more and more conditionally breaking through the ground. At this time, the opportunity? Just like a timely rain, let the seeds germinate and bloom smoothly. I think this is the relationship between success and opportunity. ?

Remind to use sub-arguments? The finishing touch? .

The answer to the first lesson of the tutoring program

Text query:

1, the first half of the text is mainly criticism? Send away doctrine? , for positive? Nazism? Lay a good foundation.

2. point out its source? Closed-doorism; Performance? Send antiques, send paintings and send Dr. Mei Lanfang; Essence? Flattery; Hurt? Seeking scraps (economic downturn) let nature take its course? Throw it to? (loss of sovereignty).

3、? Closed-doorism? Refers to the Qing government closed its doors and stuck to the remnants. And then what? Send away doctrine? Refers to the Kuomintang reactionaries' flattery, seeking fame and reputation, deceiving the world and confusing the people. They are all foreign policies, although they are different in form, but the essence is the same, which is not conducive to the creation and development of national culture. In this way, the people of China will inevitably fall into the tragic situation of being invaded and enslaved.

4、①? How much more? Master? Children carry several old and new paintings and hang them all the way in European countries. This is called promoting national glory. ? Keep? Hang up? Two vivid action descriptions are extremely ridiculous. And then what? Carry forward Guoguang? Ironic, isn't it? Send? That is, flattery for glory. (2) It shows a little progress. ? Ironically, actually? Backward? . 3 when you see wealth, you see magnanimity. ? Rich? This refers to many projects. Generous? This refers to magnanimity and indifference. Is the reactionary government actually not? Rich? , also powerless? Generous? Irony is used here.

5. throw it away? Abandoning or giving away useless things usually has bad motives. On the surface, it seems that it still maintains the appearance of international exchanges. Throw it to? It is a reward for kowtowing, a purposeful payment, and must be accepted. Send? what's up Throw it to? The statement said that the crown of the invaders was according to their wishes? Send? .

6.① Use your head, open your eyes and get it yourself! Occupation and choice. This sentence plays a connecting role in the whole text, which is not only a summary of the previous part, but also points out? Closed-doorism? And then what? Send away doctrine? Not feasible, therefore, must? Get it yourself? ; Is the introduction in the following part telling readers that the article will turn to discussion? Nazism? . This sentence is divided into paragraphs independently, and the front and back parts are organically integrated, which shows the author's rigorous thinking and superb art of structural articles. ? Use your head? Is it thinking? Show your eyes? Is it recognition? Get it yourself? Is it necessary to be selective? Did you bring it? , is it? Nazism? The right thing to do.

Consolidation exercises: 1, CDB 2, C 3, B 4, B 5, B 6 and C.

Answers to Lesson 2 of Tutoring Plan

Text query:

1、? A concubine is someone who dares not touch or choose. ? Idiot refers to a person who is blindly exclusive and completely negative. ? Waste refers to people who worship foreign things and admire foreign things. From the whole article, it is obvious that the author used a kind of teasing style, humorous and refutable teasing? Closed-doorism? And then what? Send away doctrine? Ridiculous.

2. shark fin? Metaphor is the essence of cultural heritage. Opium? This is a metaphor for the part where the essence and dross meet in the cultural heritage, which must be absorbed critically. A pipe and a lamp? Metaphor refers to the part of cultural heritage that is completely worthless, but can be properly preserved to educate future generations. Aunt? Metaphor is the dross of cultural heritage.

3.① use? Eat (shark fin) and cure (opium); Shop? Send (opium) to the pharmacy and (smoking utensils) to the museum; Destroy? (Smoking utensils) can be destroyed; Please separate them. ②? Calm, brave, discerning and selfless? . ③ Innovation; ④? Nazism? It is of great significance to the innovation of national new culture.

Consolidation exercise:

1, reference answer: Why are obstacles and difficulties in the eyes of others, but business opportunities for making a fortune in the eyes of Levi's? This is because. Unlike other gold diggers, he didn't complain or quit, but he knew how to think from another angle. He realized that as long as he could make money, he didn't have to go to the west for gold. The river blocked his way, but the wisdom of thinking from another angle opened up many financial paths for him. Therefore, if you think from another angle, there will be another harvest.

2. Example 1: The eagle only knows how vast and small the sky is when it fights the blue sky; Only when the stream runs into the sea can we know how vast and small the ocean is; Similarly, the more you learn, the more you know that learning is endless, and the knowledge you have learned is just a drop in the ocean, and you know that you need to make continuous progress. In the words of the ancients, that is? Is it enough to know after learning? .

Example 2: when the river comes to the vast sea, it will sigh at the ocean and feel how small it is; Frog at the bottom of a well will feel ashamed and ignorant when it jumps out of the well and sees the boundless sky. Through study, we can realize our own shortcomings, so as to study more modestly and harder.

3. Learning can enrich our knowledge, broaden our horizons and make us realize our own shortcomings, so as to learn more modestly. The process of continuous learning is the process of constantly exploring the field of knowledge. Every time you open up a wasteland of knowledge, you can plant a seed of wisdom, and strive to make sunshine and sweat the base fertilizer. The seed of wisdom will give birth to a bud of wisdom, blossom a flower of wisdom and bear fruit of wisdom.